1. SOCIAL NORMS
Question # 1
What are social norms and values? What is the major agency or societal force that
constitutes the societal norms and values of individual? Provide twenty standard norms?
SOCIAL NORMS: are the behaviors and cues within a society or group. This sociological term
has been defined as "the rules that a group uses for appropriate and inappropriate values,
beliefs, attitudes and behaviors. These rules may be explicit or implicit. Failure to follow the
rules can result in severe punishments, including exclusion from the group." They have also
been described as the "customary rules of behavior that coordinate our interactions with others."
Norms: Social norm refers to group group-shared standards of behavior. The norms
are based on social values. Norms are social rules which define correct and acceptable
behavior in a society or a group to which people are expected to confirm. They prescribe the
way the people should behave in particular situations.
They determine, guide, control and also predict human behavior. Norms, in short, are a bundle
of do’s and don’ts; they are rules of behavior in particular situations. For example, in all
societies, there are norms which define acceptable male and female dress. There are norms
about driving. Norms exist in all areas of social life.
Social are “general precepts, which being internalized or, accepted by individuals, induce
conformity in simple actions or in complex ethical judgments, thus increasing group unity.” It is
used to describe the common standards or ideas which guide members’ response in all
established groups. When it is said that a particular action is in accordance with norms, the
intention is to say that it conforms to community expectations of behavior.
As Robert Bierstedt has pointed out, “A norm is a rule or standard that governs our conduct in
the social situations in which we participate.” He further writes that a norm can be treated as “a
cultural specification that guides our conduct in society”.
Norms are rooted in institutions. They provide the standard of behavior and are regulatory in
character. The choice of individual for striving towards the cultural goal is regulated and guided
by norms. These provide the guideline for action. Norms give cohesion to society. They
influence attitude of individuals to understanding and unity.
Norms are relative:
Norms vary from society to society. Sometimes, norms vary from group to group within same
society. Some norms do not govern the behavior of all the people. Norms applicable to older
people are not applicable to children. Similarly, norms applicable to policemen are different from
those of teachers.

2. Norms are internalized by the individuals:
Norms become part of personality through the process of socialization. Individuals internalize
the norms of the society. Individuals generally behave in accordance with the social norms.
NORM S IN CORPORA TE V A LU E-J U DGM EN T:
A norm is a standard shared by the group members. These represent “standardized
generalization” concerning expected modes of behavior. As standardized generalizations, they
are concepts which have been evaluated by the group and they incorporate value-judgment. In
terms of value we judge whether some action is right or wrong, good or bad, expected or
unexpected.
INSTITUTE OF NORMS:
A social norm operative in one social system may not be operative in another. “A social norm is
said to be institutionalized” remarks Johnson,” in a particular social system when three
conditions are met.
SOCIAL VALUES:
 Qualities, characteristics, or ideas about which we feel strongly.
 Our values affect our decisions, goals and behavior.
 A belief or feeling that someone or something is worthwhile.
 Values define what is of worth, what is beneficial, and what is harmful
 Values are standards to guide your action, judgments, and attitudes.
Social Values' form an important part of the culture of a society. Social values, norms and
institutions explain the way in which social processes operate in a given society. They are the
social sources of patterned interaction.
Values account for the stability of the social order. They provide the general guidelines for
conduct. In doing so, they facilitate social control. Values are the criteria people use in
assessing their daily lives, arranging their priorities, measuring their pleasures and pains,
choosing between alternative courses of action.
Ordinarily value means belief about what is right and wrong and what is important in life. Social
value means the norms or forms of behavior which are widely acceptable and admirable in
society. Social are the root of all virtues that pave the way for the harmony of a society. It is the
social values that are the key to the development of a society. With social values, a person
shapes up as a good human being and plays an important role in society’s development.

3. Meaning of Social Value:
The meaning of the term “social values” has changed over the years. In modern time, along with
the particular beliefs it also refers to the life style that people think that they should accept. In
the past, honesty, sincerity, truthfulness, piety, fellow feeling etc. were regarded as the social
values. In one word, only different human behaviors were regarded as social values. But in
modern time, the definition has changed and that is due to the change in the lifestyle of the
people. But still one should remember that there are hardly any social values that can
overpower the humanitarian qualities. So their existence is more than essential for the society’s
development and no change of meaning can be enough to defy that.
STANDARD EXAMPLES OF NORMS
1. Avoid burping or farting in public S
2. mile when your being introduced to someone u do not know
3. say please when asking for something
4. chewing food with no sound
5. offer an elder man/woman to be first at anything like standing in line, having your
seat...etc
6. when have guests at home we must offer them drinks or food .
7. treat managers, professors or anyone above you "differently" if u know what i
mean;)
8. We eat together
9. We live together with our parents
10. We help each other.
11. Wearing Clothing in public
12. Showering
13. brushing your teeth
14. opening the door for old ladies even for every one.
15. going to the back of the line
16. Men kissing a woman's hand when they are introduced to her (not a norm in US,
a norm in other countries) .
17. Using titles of respect for elders or people whom we don't know well (less of a
norm in US, more of a norm in other societies) .
18. Offering your seat to elders in a public transportation vehicle .
19. Bringing a present to someone's birthday party .
20. We Celebrating marriage party together.
21. Knowing your neighbors well (not a norm in US, a norm in other countries) .
22. Celebrating of Eid ul-fitr and Eid ul-adha.
23. one must bathe and dress with clean or new clothes if possible.
24. wearing specific clothes for each occasion or timing, for not to "feel odd" ,
25. Men pay for dinner most of the time.

4. 26. Women covering their faces in public (norm in Muslim societies, not a norm in
Western societies) .
 Typesof Values:
 Moral
 Material
 Aesthetic
 Intrinsic
 Extrinsic
 Universal/American
 Group specific values
What is the major agency or the societal forces that
constitute social norms and values of individuals?
Societal forces can be seen in various levels of functioning. The gross level is physical force to
control via military or police. Usually what you ask about is related to how a person's behavior is
influenced by their assimilation of values for example in the society around them. In this case
people are in a sense experiencing ‘force’ acting on them, by how their identity in the sense of
social self, interacts with perceived beliefs about what is right action as presented during
socialization.
Social force. Any effective urge or impulse that leads to social action. Specifically, a social force
is a consensus on the part of a sufficient number of the members of society to bring about social
action or social change of some sort. In the plural, the social forces are the typical basic drives,
or motives, which lead to the fundamental types of association and group relationship.
The more liberal, desensitized and immoral a people become the greater the rotting of that
society. The decay then becomes irreparable. History is overflowing with examples of fallen
empires.
This may refer to political culture, social culture and economical development of a given society.
These forces may determine educational theories that one may use to educate and train the
workforce. A social force is anything within a society that has the capability to bring about
change or encourage someone to bring about or cause change.
Government also play a great role to give a basic protection to the standard norms of the
society. If any one broken the norms they are arrested by the forces and keep them into the Jill
or prison even they accepted the norms and they also able to protect the norms.
Question no # 2

5. State the advantages of media in our routine life
activities.to what extent do you agree that media and
technology both has played a pivotal role in shaping our
lives for good?
Communication channels through which news,
entertainment, education, data, or promotional messages are
disseminated. Media includes
every broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such
as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax,
and internet. Media is the plural of medium and can take a plural or singular
verb, depending on the sense intended.
Social Media in our life:
How Strongly Can Social Media Influence and Control People’s Lives? What comes to your
mind when you hear the term “Social Media?" Perhaps some people thinking about the media
that makes them able to meet and communicate with people around the world. While some
others think about that, social media is the channel that gives them the chance to send and
receive many information.
Others think that social media is about the way we get many updates from people who we follow
and maybe someone out there thinks social media is a part of a new marketing strategy.
Nowadays, social media seems like a big part of our life. When your friends didn’t reply to your
text, you can greet them on Face book. When you want to listen to music or see a music video
from your favorite singer – go to YouTube. When you just wake up and open your eyes, you
don’t have to walk outside to get the newspaper, just take your phone and scroll your Twitter
timeline then you’ll get the information. Blog and Forum are also types of social media because
they allow you to share “what you think” about articles, pictures, videos and so on.
There is social media which allows the users not only to share about their profession, major of
study, works and company, addresses, political views and religion, but also allow them to find a
job and allow the company to find the employees.
But social media such as Face book or Twitter or Google hangout or LinkedIn are
proving to be much more than manifestation of our lives in the digital world. Though the
founder’s of these companies might not have started with the grand vision and great
psychological studies or with the intentions of changing the people behavior, but these tools are
precisely doing that –they are taking us into an era where our social behavior is being
shaped by them. Here are sample examples why I think it is happening:
Social Media and Networking

6. Social media not only helps people stay in touch with existing contacts, but also aids in the
formation of new alliances. These alliances are usually with people that share common
interests. These social networks open up the possibilities of discovering and learning new
information, sharing ideas and interacting with others. Social media such as LinkedIn allows
people to create professional networks that help them search for jobs or get tips on how to
enhance their careers. With such networks, people are spending less time looking for jobs
through newspapers and are turning to social media.
Social Media and Networking
Social media not only helps people stay in touch with existing contacts, but also aids in the
formation of new alliances. These alliances are usually with people that share common
interests. These social networks open up the possibilities of discovering and learning new
information, sharing ideas and interacting with others. Social media such as LinkedIn allows
people to create professional networks that help them search for jobs or get tips on how to
enhance their careers. With such networks, people are spending less time looking for jobs
through newspapers and are turning to social media.
HOW THE MEDIA SHAPES OUR LIFES?
In this century the role of the Media in shaping our lives has become inevitable. The media has
drastically changed the lives of many of us. Our inevitable dependence on it is given to two main
reasons:
1. The fast-paced high tech. sweeping across the globe and shrinking it to a single
room.
2. Our ever growing curiosity to be updated with the news in the instant of its
breaking to be aware of the world events.

7. As the former is solely a matter of natural change and revolution, the latter is an adoption and
an extensive employment of the former in our service, a phenomenon we can't escape.
The media, just like any other evolutionary and revolutionary advances and developments,
seems to be in process of cascading overtaking of the new from the old fashioned. The Radio
has been replaced by the Television and the Internet whose upgrading process has reached its
peak in the digital satellite and wireless broadband respectively.
The traditional snail mail has become thing of the past in the wake of the emails and messenger
chat. The multi-gadget audiovisual mobile phones, Bluetooth and wireless connection to the
internet have knocked out the bulky landline phones. Likewise did the accessories of these
equipment took the same outdating effect when today's flat screen PCs and TVs came with
latest technology both in memory and power. The once highly valued floppy disks were crushed
in bulks while jubilating the era of thousand times more powerful removable USB keys.
A pivotal turning point in the realm of Media technology, but how does this affect our daily life?
The cyberspace technology seems to be in parallel challenge with the audiovisual technology,
namely the television. The internet encompasses the whole of the audiovisual, written and
readable as well as messaging service in one. Today it has been estimated that the internet use
is incredibly expanding day after another and many people over the world are getting access to
it. There is almost at least one web site in every subject of which occurs into the mind of every
human being on earth.
For decades we have had been deaf and blind except what we were being told or shown. While
still the same scenario lingers to lesser effect in the rise of the local websites, TV services and
independent channels have contributed to the free media revolution. The reason why big and
old broadcasting corporations like the BBC, Radio France International (RFI), Deutsche Welle
(DW), Voice of America (VOA), financed millions even billions into the programmers presented
to its overseas audience should itself hold an evidence.
To include in their websites educational scheme aimed at the younger generation. In Almost all
websites, there is no such educational programme for the different ages of children, teenagers
and youth. Sparing a corner of the website for children, teenagers and youth by providing those
puzzles, quizzes, contents, where winners would be named and hailed would be an excellent
idea of motivation. The younger generation with brilliant brain can be harmonized with their
culture and tradition. There is yet more effort to be done to create in them love of their religion,
country and people.