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Essential Commodities Act, 1955,[object Object],By,[object Object],AmitKumar (PGDMA 1001),[object Object],Anjali Sati (PGDMA 1002),[object Object]
Genesis,[object Object],Passed by the parliament of India on April 1, 1955.,[object Object],Objective,[object Object],Ensure the easy availability of essential commodities to consumers and to protect them from exploitation by unscrupulous traders.,[object Object],This Act empowers the Central Government to: ,[object Object],i) regulate production, supply, distribution, storage, transport, etc.; and ,[object Object],ii) control price of commodities which have been declared under the Act, as essential are provided for those who commit offences under the Act. ,[object Object],The Act was amended in 1986, empowering recognised Consumer Associations to make a report in writing of any  facts constituting an offence under the Act.,[object Object]
Contd..,[object Object],The enforcement/ implementation lies with the State Governments and UT Administrations.,[object Object],State government issue various control orders w.r.t. trading of some essential commodities such as food grains, edible oils, pulses, kerosene and sugar etc.,[object Object],Items listed under the act are reviewed from time to time as per the economic policies, production, demand and supply.,[object Object],The number of essential commodities which stood at 70 in the year 1989 has been brought down to 7 at present through such periodic reviews.,[object Object],From February 2002, 11 commodities were removed.,[object Object],On 31 March 2004, two more commodities were deleted.,[object Object],At present, only 16 commodities are in the list.,[object Object]
Different Sections under the Act,[object Object],1. Short title and extent :,[object Object],(1) This Act may be called the Essential Commodities Act, 1955. ,[object Object],2. Definitions:,[object Object],(ia) "Code" means the code of Criminal Procedure; ,[object Object],(iia) "Collector" includes an Additional Collector and such other,[object Object],Officer, not below the rank of Sub-Divisional Officer,[object Object],(a) "essential commodity“ means any of the following classes of ,[object Object],commodities  ,[object Object], (i) Cattle fodder, including oilcakes and other concentrates; ,[object Object],(ii)coal, including coke and other derivatives; ,[object Object],(iii) component parts and accessories of automobiles; ,[object Object],(iv) cotton and woollen textiles; ,[object Object],(iv) drugs. ,[object Object]
Contd..,[object Object], (v)       Foodstuffs including edible oil-seeds and oils;,[object Object], (vi)      Iron and steel, including manufactured products of iron and steel;,[object Object], (vii)     Paper including newsprint, paper board and straw board;,[object Object], (viii)    Petroleum and petroleum products, ,[object Object],(ix)      Raw cotton, and whether ginned or and cotton seed;,[object Object], (x)       Raw jute;,[object Object],(b) "food-crops" include crops of sugarcane;,[object Object],(c) "notified order" means and order notified in the Official Gazette;,[object Object],(d) "State Government", in relation to a Union Territory, means the administrator thereof;,[object Object]
Sections contd..,[object Object],3. Powers to control production, supply, distribution, etc., of essential commodities.,[object Object],4. Imposition of duties on State Government, etc.,[object Object],5. Delegation of powers,[object Object],6. Effect of orders inconsistent with other enactments ,[object Object],       6A Confiscation of essential commodity,[object Object],       6B. Issue of show-cause notice before confiscation of essential commodity.,[object Object],       6C. Appeal.,[object Object],       6D. Award of confiscation not to interfere with other punishment,[object Object],       6E. Bar of jurisdiction in certain cases :-,[object Object]
7. Penalties,[object Object],7A. Power of Central Government to recover certain amounts as arrears of land revenue.,[object Object],8. Attempts and abetment,[object Object],9. False statement,[object Object],10. Offences by Companies,[object Object],11. Cognizance of offences,[object Object],12. Constitution of special courts.,[object Object],13. Presumption as to orders,[object Object],14. Burden of proof in certain cases,[object Object],15. Protection of action taken under Act; ,[object Object],15A. Prosecution of public servants,[object Object],16. Repeals and savings ,[object Object]
The Act/Orders/Rules of Essential Commodities:,[object Object], The following orders are at present in effect under the provisions of Section-3 of the said Act :,[object Object], (A) Bihar Trade Articles (Licences Unification) Order, 1984. ,[object Object],(B) Bihar Essential Articles (Display of Prices and Stocks) Order, 1977 (Re-published in 1986). ,[object Object],(C) Bihar Motor Spirit and High Speed Diesel Oil Dealer's Licensing Order, 1966. ,[object Object],(D) Motor Spirit and High Speed Diesel (Regulation of Supply and Distribution and Prevention of Malpractices) Order, 1998. ,[object Object]
 (E)The Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Regulation of Supply and Distribution) Order, 2000.,[object Object],(F) Kerosene (Restriction on Use and Fixation of Ceiling Price) Order, 1993.,[object Object], (G) Naptha (Acquisition, Sale, Storage and Prevention of Use in Automobile) Order, 2000. ,[object Object],(H) Solvent, Raffinate and Slop (Acquisition, Sale, Storage and Prevention of Use in Automobiles) Order, 2000. ,[object Object],(I) Bihar Rice and Paddy Procurement (Levy) Order, 2005.2.In addition to Essential Commodities Act, 1955, ,[object Object]
Major Amendments ,[object Object],Pulses, Edible Oilseeds and Edible Oils (Storage Control) Order, 1977,[object Object],for securing equitable distribution and availability at fair price of these items to the consumers. The orders to exempt the imported edible oils (excluding coconut oil, palm kernel oil, RBD Palm Oil and RBD palm stearin) from the stock limit as prescribed under the Control Order, 1977 has been made in orders to make easy availability of these commodities at fair price.,[object Object],Essential Commodities Act, 1980,[object Object],The Prevention of Black-marketing and Maintenance of Supplies of Essential Commodities.,[object Object], The Act empowers the Central and State Governments to detain persons whose activities are found to be prejudicial to the maintenance of supplies of commodities essential to the community,[object Object]
Essential Commodities (Special, Provisions) Act, 1981,[object Object],Drugs Price Control Order (DPCO) 1995,[object Object],order issued by the Government of India under Section 3 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 to regulate the prices of drugs.,[object Object]
As per the decisions of the Conference of Chief Ministers held on 21 May 2001, the restrictions like licensing requirement, stock limits and movement restrictions have been removed from almost all agricultural commodities.,[object Object],Wheat, pulses and edible oils, edible oilseeds and rice being exceptions, where States have been permitted to impose some temporary restrictions in order to contain price increase of these commodities.,[object Object],Department of Consumer Affairs  introduced the Essential Commodities (Amendment) Bill, 2005,[object Object],prune the list of essential commodities to the minimum by deleting all such commodities which have no relevance in the context of present improved demand and supply position and to facilitate free trade and commerce.,[object Object],Only those commodities considered essential to protect the interest of the farmers and the large section of the people "below the poverty line" are proposed to be retained under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955. ,[object Object]
THE ESSENTIAL COMMODITIES (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2006,[object Object],(1) Drugs,[object Object],Explanation.-For the purposes of this Schedule, "drugs" has the meaning assigned to it in clause (b) of section 3 of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940;,[object Object],(2) fertilizer, whether inorganic, organic or mixed;,[object Object],(3) foodstuffs, including edible oilseeds and oils;,[object Object],(4) hank yarn made wholly from cotton;,[object Object],(5) petroleum and petroleum products;,[object Object],(6) raw jute and jute textiles;,[object Object],(7)     (i)     seeds of food-crops and seeds of fruits and vegetables;,[object Object],(ii)    seeds of cattle fodder; and,[object Object],(iii)   jute seeds.,[object Object]
The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Bill, 2010,[object Object],introduced on August 9, 2010,[object Object],seeks to amend the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 to clarify the price payable for levy sugar (procured for public distribution system).,[object Object],The Principal Act was amended last in December 2009. That amendment had two main provisions.,[object Object],[object Object]
It also amended the price to be paid to sugar producers by the central government for procuring levy sugar.
It specified that the price of sugar will be based on the “Fair and Remunerative Price” (FRP) fixed for sugarcane, and will include the manufacturing cost, duties, taxes and reasonable rate of return.,[object Object]
Implications of Essential commodity act in current business scenario,[object Object],It is a sort of restrictions on trade,[object Object],The Essential Commodities Act mandates that commodities that have been identified as being “essential commodities” can only be traded and stored by licensed holders. However, legally, Negotiable warehouse receipt (NWR) is a negotiable instrument.  It is in the nature of an actionable claim representing a right to a commodity. Trading in NWR will not be covered by ECA, until physical possession is sought.  Only the last transaction would have to comply with the provisions of the ECA.,[object Object],Contd…,[object Object]
Regulations under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955:,[object Object],Problems due to restrictions:,[object Object],[object Object]

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Essential commodities act, 1955

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. It also amended the price to be paid to sugar producers by the central government for procuring levy sugar.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. They hamper the market from performing its productive and commercial role.
  • 20. A large number of permits and licences are required to be obtained from the authorities under the Essential Commodities Act and periodically returns have to be submitted and inspections carried out, which add to transaction costs.
  • 21. Some notifications under the same Act restrict movement of goods from the surplus states to deficit states.
  • 22.