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Affordable Housing Focus on
           Efficiency
Remodeling & Passive House Approaches


    Greenprints Conference March 14, 2011
   Amber Wood, Manager Energy Programs
                    NAHB Research Center
The NAHB Research Center’s mission . . .
  promote innovation in housing technology to
  improve the quality, durability, affordability, and
  environmental performance of homes and home
  building products.




                                                    2
Department of Energy
                  Programs

   Building America
       DOE’s residential research &
        development (R&D) program


   Builders Challenge
       DOE’s energy efficiency
        certification for homes
Building America

   Private/public R&D partnership
    sponsored by DOE
   Energy-efficient solutions for
    new and existing housing
       Technologies/Systems
       Whole-House Test Homes
       Quality Processes
High Performing Home Goals
            “High Performing Homes”
             that are
                Energy efficient
                Durable
                Comfortable
                Healthy to live in
                Safe
                Affordable

             In other words . . . Green.
Existing Homes Opportunities
                                               20% of pre-1980 homes
                                                are well insulated
                                               Air Sealing . . . & insulation
                                                   More uniform temperature
                                                   Increases comfort
                                               Costs
                                                   Energy costs increasing
                                                   Increased retrofit costs are
                                                    often offset by increased
Source: 2007 Buildings Energy Data
Book, Table 4.2.1., 2005 energy cost data           savings
                                               Tax credits and rebates
Building America Integration
         Whole-House Design

         Design/Implement energy
          efficient solutions
         Work through implementation
          issues
             Technical product/system designs
             Details
             Process (quality management)
         Simulations/Analysis
         Cost optimization
Whole-House Re-Design

                                                           Renewables
                                        Systems            Solar Electric (PV)
                                                           Wind
                                        Heating
                                        Cooling
                      Building          Right-Sized
                      Envelope          Ducts
                                        Ventilation
                      Durability        Dehumidification
                      Moisture
         Safety          Bulk           Hot Water
         ($-$$$$$)       Vapor          Piping                                   COST
         Structural      Drainage
         Combustion   Air Sealing       Appliances
START    Lead         Insulation        Lighting
         Asbestos                       MELs
HERE     Mold
         Moisture
                                    ENERGY EFFICIENCY
                                                                                   8
                                    SAVINGS POTENTIAL
Montgomery County
Habitat for Humanity
New Horizons for Remodeling
   Constraints & Design Opportunities
       Durability
       Energy Efficiency
   “Test-in” Data
   Identify products/methods
       Details
       Documentation
   “Test-out” Data
   Energy Savings Simulations
   Technical/professional development
List of EE Recommendations
   Moisture: Exterior grading & sump pump operation

   Air Sealing
   Insulation
   Ventilation

   Windows

   System Evaluations
       HVAC
       Ducts
       Water Heating

   Equipment Specifications
       Direct vent, minimum 92% AFUE gas furnaces
       14.5 SEER cooling
       size in accordance with ACCA Manual J/S
       Programmable thermostats
List of EE Recommendations
   Ducts
       Seal all ducts
       Relocate supply and return ducts to floor
       Return air paths for all rooms
   Duct exhaust fans to the outdoors
       Kitchen
       Bath
   MERV 8 minimum filtration

   Hot Water & Water Distribution
       Direct vent/power vent water heaters
       Insulated hot water piping
       Low flow faucets, shower heads, and water closets

   ENERGY STAR appliances
   ENERGY STAR lighting
   Construction Sequence
Clear Improvement: Wall Insulation




R 4.7 original to R 20 retrofit
Calculated Improvement

                     Wall U-value calculation             Original Block Wall           Original Remodeled Block Wall
                                                   Cavity      Framing    Isothermal   Cavity      Framing   Isothermal
         still air   Interior film                    0.68          0.68        0.68       0.68        0.68        0.68
     sheetrock       Interior covering                0.45          0.45        0.45       0.45        0.45        0.45
       2x4 wall      Framing/cavity R                                                        13         4.2       8.772
       1" foam       Interior insulation                                                      5           5           5
fir strips & air     Framing/cavity R                                                         1         0.9       0.975
       4" block      Block Wall                       1.93        1.93         1.93        1.93        1.93        1.93
         air gap     Exterior air gap                    1           1            1           1           1           1
  brick façade       Exterior covering                0.48        0.48         0.48        0.48        0.48        0.48
    outside air      Exterior film, winter            0.17        0.17         0.17        0.17        0.17        0.17
                     Isothermal Plane                  4.7   R-value                       19.5 R-value
                     Parallel Path                     4.7   R-value                       20.8 R-value
                                        2
                     * R-values in hr∙ft ∙°F/Btu
Other Wall Improvement
     Opportunities
            Frame wall option 1:
                Add 1” exterior insulation
                 when siding is replaced
                R 11.8 to R 17.4


            Frame Wall Option 2:
                Build 2x4 wall inside of
                 2x4 wall (both R 13)
                R 11.6 to R 20.2
Calculated Improvement

                Wall U-value calculation        Hathaway Addition Framed Wall           Addition Remodeled Wall
                                               Cavity     Framing    Isothermal    Cavity      Framing    Isothermal
    still air   Interior film                        0.68      0.68        0.68          0.68       0.68        0.68
 sheetrock      Interior covering                    0.45      0.45        0.45          0.45       0.45        0.45
  2x4 wall      Framing/cavity R                       13       4.2       8.772            13        4.2       8.772
        OSB     Exterior sheathing                    0.5       0.5          0.5          0.5        0.5          0.5
   1" foam      Exterior rigid insulation                                                   5          5            5
     siding     Exterior covering                   0.61        0.61        0.61         0.61       0.61        0.61
outside air     Exterior film, winter               0.17        0.17        0.17         0.17       0.17        0.17
                Percent of Clear                    77%         23%                      77%        23%
                Isothermal Plane                    11.2   R-value                       16.2 R-value
                Parallel Path                       11.8   R-value                       17.4 R-value
                                         2
                      * R-values in hr∙ft ∙°F/Btu
Important Improvements
         Moisture problems alleviated
         Crawlspace/room connection
          sealed
         Draftiness eliminated
         Ducts located to conditioned space
         Electrical upgrades simplified
         HVAC system size limited/smaller
         Energy bills reduced
         Comfortable
Cantilever Air Sealing Opportunity

           • Remove soffit
           • Remove existing
             insulation




           • Add blocking
           • Foam seal floor
             and wall
           • Install insulation
Split Level Knee Wall
Air Sealing Opportunity




 Attic access unavailable, open wall,
    add air barrier and insulation
Energy Analysis
Whole-House Energy Use
                             Estimates
                                                                               Source Energy            Source Energy         HERS
                                                                   Year     Savings Post-Retrofit       Consumption          Index
                                                                        A
 House Identifier             House Description                   Built          (Mbtu/yr)              Reduction (%)       Estimate     Notes
Jeffry Street          Masonry/Frame Split Foyer                  1959             56.19                   25.44%               96
Dauphine Street        Masonry Split Foyer                        1956             66.50                   28.13%              103             C
Denley Road            Masonry Cape Cod                           1950             41.23                   17.71%               94             B
Pittson Road           Masonry/Frame Split Level                  1958             78.30                   27.90%               99
Goodhill Road          Masonry Raised Ranch                       1953             64.58                   31.32%               86
Middle Road            Frame Raised Ranch w/add                   1946/            42.14                   18.23%              110             C
Farthing Drive         Masonry Raised Ranch                       1953             63.11                   30.18%               85
Denley Place           Masonry Raised Ranch                       1950             86.67                   38.36%               83
Harrell Street         Masonry Raised Ranch w/add                 1953/            22.58                   9.24%                90             D
Hathaway Drive         Masonry Ranch w/add                        1950/            74.76                   24.65%              100
Ivy Glen Road          Frame Two-story (2nd Floor add.)           1946/            107.20                  39.12%               80
Napier Street          Masonry Split Level                        1955             97.39                   33.21%              101
                                         Average Savings                           66.72                    26.96%
A
  From tax records
B
  HVAC equipment was upgraded in the Pre-Retrofit condition - 92% furnace, 62%PV DHW, 13 SEER A/C.
C
  Old HVAC equipment was retained (Dauphine - 8 SEER / 71% furnace, DHW .50); (Middle - 9 SEER / 74% furnace, DHW 63%PV)
D
  This house retained the same conditioned square footage in the pre- and post-remodel, but increased from 3 to 5 bedrooms and 1 to 2 baths.
HVAC equipment was not upgraded; 13 SEER, 80% furnace, DHW switched from .53 gas to electric 80 gallon, .86 EF.
www.toolbase.org   22
Greenbelt Homes, Inc.
   Privately-owned      Pilot Project
    cooperative          7 buildings, 28
    housing               units
    development              3 block
   1,600 units              2 frame
   1930’s-40’s              2 brick
Pilot Program
   Winter 2010
       Pre-Retrofit baseline
       Install Monitoring Equipment
       Air infiltration
       Temperature/Humidity/
        Energy Use
       Humidity
   Summer 2011
       Retrofit building envelopes
   Winter 2011
       Monitor envelope upgrade
   Summer 2012
       Retrofit HVAC
   Winter 2012
       Monitor upgrade package
Retrofit Solutions for Enhancing
        Energy Efficiency
          Energy Savings:   Household to National
          Comfort:          Temperature swings to
                             consistency
          Moisture:         Reduce potential problems
          Indoor Air:       Controlled ventilation
          Technology:       Options and performance
          Installation:     Contractor training/QA
          Cost:             Installation/operation/savings
          Value:            Demonstrate values at sale
Resources

   NAHB Research Center
       Corporate: www.nahbrc.com
       Technical: ToolBase www.toolbase.org
   Remodeling Information & Case Study
       www.toolbase.org/remodel
   Building America
       www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america
   Other Resources
       www.energysavers.gov
       www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/publications/pubdocs/DIY_Guid
        e_May_2008.pdf
       www.eeba.org/bookstore/cat-Energy_Efficiency-11.aspx
       http://dsireusa.org/
Questions?


             27
Thank You!


             Amber Wood
         NAHB Research Center
        Manager, Energy Programs

400 Prince George’s Blvd  Upper Marlboro, MD 20774
      (direct) 301.430.6309  (fax) 301.430.6180
                   www.nahbrc.com

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2011 03-14 nahbrc-greenprints afford-housingefficiency

  • 1. Affordable Housing Focus on Efficiency Remodeling & Passive House Approaches Greenprints Conference March 14, 2011 Amber Wood, Manager Energy Programs NAHB Research Center
  • 2. The NAHB Research Center’s mission . . . promote innovation in housing technology to improve the quality, durability, affordability, and environmental performance of homes and home building products. 2
  • 3. Department of Energy Programs  Building America  DOE’s residential research & development (R&D) program  Builders Challenge  DOE’s energy efficiency certification for homes
  • 4. Building America  Private/public R&D partnership sponsored by DOE  Energy-efficient solutions for new and existing housing  Technologies/Systems  Whole-House Test Homes  Quality Processes
  • 5. High Performing Home Goals  “High Performing Homes” that are  Energy efficient  Durable  Comfortable  Healthy to live in  Safe  Affordable In other words . . . Green.
  • 6. Existing Homes Opportunities  20% of pre-1980 homes are well insulated  Air Sealing . . . & insulation  More uniform temperature  Increases comfort  Costs  Energy costs increasing  Increased retrofit costs are often offset by increased Source: 2007 Buildings Energy Data Book, Table 4.2.1., 2005 energy cost data savings  Tax credits and rebates
  • 7. Building America Integration  Whole-House Design  Design/Implement energy efficient solutions  Work through implementation issues  Technical product/system designs  Details  Process (quality management)  Simulations/Analysis  Cost optimization
  • 8. Whole-House Re-Design Renewables Systems Solar Electric (PV) Wind Heating Cooling Building Right-Sized Envelope Ducts Ventilation Durability Dehumidification Moisture Safety Bulk Hot Water ($-$$$$$) Vapor Piping COST Structural Drainage Combustion Air Sealing Appliances START Lead Insulation Lighting Asbestos MELs HERE Mold Moisture ENERGY EFFICIENCY 8 SAVINGS POTENTIAL
  • 10. New Horizons for Remodeling  Constraints & Design Opportunities  Durability  Energy Efficiency  “Test-in” Data  Identify products/methods  Details  Documentation  “Test-out” Data  Energy Savings Simulations  Technical/professional development
  • 11. List of EE Recommendations  Moisture: Exterior grading & sump pump operation  Air Sealing  Insulation  Ventilation  Windows  System Evaluations  HVAC  Ducts  Water Heating  Equipment Specifications  Direct vent, minimum 92% AFUE gas furnaces  14.5 SEER cooling  size in accordance with ACCA Manual J/S  Programmable thermostats
  • 12. List of EE Recommendations  Ducts  Seal all ducts  Relocate supply and return ducts to floor  Return air paths for all rooms  Duct exhaust fans to the outdoors  Kitchen  Bath  MERV 8 minimum filtration  Hot Water & Water Distribution  Direct vent/power vent water heaters  Insulated hot water piping  Low flow faucets, shower heads, and water closets  ENERGY STAR appliances  ENERGY STAR lighting  Construction Sequence
  • 13. Clear Improvement: Wall Insulation R 4.7 original to R 20 retrofit
  • 14. Calculated Improvement Wall U-value calculation Original Block Wall Original Remodeled Block Wall Cavity Framing Isothermal Cavity Framing Isothermal still air Interior film 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 sheetrock Interior covering 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 2x4 wall Framing/cavity R 13 4.2 8.772 1" foam Interior insulation 5 5 5 fir strips & air Framing/cavity R 1 0.9 0.975 4" block Block Wall 1.93 1.93 1.93 1.93 1.93 1.93 air gap Exterior air gap 1 1 1 1 1 1 brick façade Exterior covering 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 outside air Exterior film, winter 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 Isothermal Plane 4.7 R-value 19.5 R-value Parallel Path 4.7 R-value 20.8 R-value 2 * R-values in hr∙ft ∙°F/Btu
  • 15. Other Wall Improvement Opportunities  Frame wall option 1:  Add 1” exterior insulation when siding is replaced  R 11.8 to R 17.4  Frame Wall Option 2:  Build 2x4 wall inside of 2x4 wall (both R 13)  R 11.6 to R 20.2
  • 16. Calculated Improvement Wall U-value calculation Hathaway Addition Framed Wall Addition Remodeled Wall Cavity Framing Isothermal Cavity Framing Isothermal still air Interior film 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 sheetrock Interior covering 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 2x4 wall Framing/cavity R 13 4.2 8.772 13 4.2 8.772 OSB Exterior sheathing 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1" foam Exterior rigid insulation 5 5 5 siding Exterior covering 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61 outside air Exterior film, winter 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 Percent of Clear 77% 23% 77% 23% Isothermal Plane 11.2 R-value 16.2 R-value Parallel Path 11.8 R-value 17.4 R-value 2 * R-values in hr∙ft ∙°F/Btu
  • 17. Important Improvements  Moisture problems alleviated  Crawlspace/room connection sealed  Draftiness eliminated  Ducts located to conditioned space  Electrical upgrades simplified  HVAC system size limited/smaller  Energy bills reduced  Comfortable
  • 18. Cantilever Air Sealing Opportunity • Remove soffit • Remove existing insulation • Add blocking • Foam seal floor and wall • Install insulation
  • 19. Split Level Knee Wall Air Sealing Opportunity Attic access unavailable, open wall, add air barrier and insulation
  • 21. Whole-House Energy Use Estimates Source Energy Source Energy HERS Year Savings Post-Retrofit Consumption Index A House Identifier House Description Built (Mbtu/yr) Reduction (%) Estimate Notes Jeffry Street Masonry/Frame Split Foyer 1959 56.19 25.44% 96 Dauphine Street Masonry Split Foyer 1956 66.50 28.13% 103 C Denley Road Masonry Cape Cod 1950 41.23 17.71% 94 B Pittson Road Masonry/Frame Split Level 1958 78.30 27.90% 99 Goodhill Road Masonry Raised Ranch 1953 64.58 31.32% 86 Middle Road Frame Raised Ranch w/add 1946/ 42.14 18.23% 110 C Farthing Drive Masonry Raised Ranch 1953 63.11 30.18% 85 Denley Place Masonry Raised Ranch 1950 86.67 38.36% 83 Harrell Street Masonry Raised Ranch w/add 1953/ 22.58 9.24% 90 D Hathaway Drive Masonry Ranch w/add 1950/ 74.76 24.65% 100 Ivy Glen Road Frame Two-story (2nd Floor add.) 1946/ 107.20 39.12% 80 Napier Street Masonry Split Level 1955 97.39 33.21% 101 Average Savings 66.72 26.96% A From tax records B HVAC equipment was upgraded in the Pre-Retrofit condition - 92% furnace, 62%PV DHW, 13 SEER A/C. C Old HVAC equipment was retained (Dauphine - 8 SEER / 71% furnace, DHW .50); (Middle - 9 SEER / 74% furnace, DHW 63%PV) D This house retained the same conditioned square footage in the pre- and post-remodel, but increased from 3 to 5 bedrooms and 1 to 2 baths. HVAC equipment was not upgraded; 13 SEER, 80% furnace, DHW switched from .53 gas to electric 80 gallon, .86 EF.
  • 23. Greenbelt Homes, Inc.  Privately-owned  Pilot Project cooperative  7 buildings, 28 housing units development  3 block  1,600 units  2 frame  1930’s-40’s  2 brick
  • 24. Pilot Program  Winter 2010  Pre-Retrofit baseline  Install Monitoring Equipment  Air infiltration  Temperature/Humidity/ Energy Use  Humidity  Summer 2011  Retrofit building envelopes  Winter 2011  Monitor envelope upgrade  Summer 2012  Retrofit HVAC  Winter 2012  Monitor upgrade package
  • 25. Retrofit Solutions for Enhancing Energy Efficiency  Energy Savings: Household to National  Comfort: Temperature swings to consistency  Moisture: Reduce potential problems  Indoor Air: Controlled ventilation  Technology: Options and performance  Installation: Contractor training/QA  Cost: Installation/operation/savings  Value: Demonstrate values at sale
  • 26. Resources  NAHB Research Center  Corporate: www.nahbrc.com  Technical: ToolBase www.toolbase.org  Remodeling Information & Case Study  www.toolbase.org/remodel  Building America  www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america  Other Resources  www.energysavers.gov  www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/publications/pubdocs/DIY_Guid e_May_2008.pdf  www.eeba.org/bookstore/cat-Energy_Efficiency-11.aspx  http://dsireusa.org/
  • 28. Thank You! Amber Wood NAHB Research Center Manager, Energy Programs 400 Prince George’s Blvd  Upper Marlboro, MD 20774 (direct) 301.430.6309  (fax) 301.430.6180 www.nahbrc.com

Notas do Editor

  1. Came in as early as we could, began tasks in addition to those they would do
  2. EE/ventilation/durability considerations – an initial list from the NAHBRC
  3. EE/ventilation/durability considerations – an initial list from the NAHBRC
  4. Integrating needs & values