3. Water can give life and take life as well
*
Uses of water
* Destruction Due
*
*
Domestic purposes –
* Floods
*
cocking,
Tsunami
*
drinking, bathing, washing, * Cyclones
* Hurricanes
cleaning etc.
*
*
Irrigation purposes
*
Industrial Purposes
*
*
Transportation Purposes
*
Hydro Electricity
*
*
*
*
*
RAJANI KRIISHNAN TGT SST
*
to Water
4. Sources Of Fresh Water
Glaciers
Ground water
Precipitation – Rain & snow
Surface seen off – rivers, lakes, ponds
RAJANI KRIISHNAN TGT SST
7. What is a dam?
A dam is a barrier across flowing river or water
that obstructs or directs the flow, often creating a
reservoir, lake or impoundment. “dam” refers to
the reservoir rather than the structure
Multipurpose River Projects
Dams are now refered to as multipurpose projects
because they serve many purpose.
RAJANI KRIISHNAN TGT SST
8. Advantages of Multipurpose dams
To control floods
To generate hydroelectricity
For irrigation
Inland Navigation
Recreation and tourism
Fish breeding
Protecting the flora and fauna.
RAJANI KRIISHNAN TGT SST
9. Disadvantages of Multipurpose Dams
• Regulating and damming of rivers affect
their natural flow causing poor sediment
flow and excessive sedimentation at the
bottom of the reservoir, resulting in
rockier streams beds and poorer habitats
for the river’s aquatic life.
• Dams also fragment rivers making it
difficult for the aquatic fauna to migrate
especially for spawning.
• The reservoirs that are created on the
RAJANI KRIISHNAN TGT SST
12. A protest message against Tehri
dam, which was steered by
Sundarlal Bahuguna for years. It
says "We don't want the dam. The
dam is the mountain's
destruction."
RAJANI KRIISHNAN
TGT SST
13. • Multipurpose projects and large dams have also been
the cause of many new social movements like
“Narmada Bachao Andolan”, “Tehri Dam Andolan” etc.
• Resistance to these projects has primarily been due to
the large scale displacement of local communities.
• The dams also create conflict between people wanting
different uses and benefits from the same water
resource. Inter state water disputes are also becoming
common with regard to sharing the costs and benefits
of the multi-purpose.
• It was also observed that the multipurpose projects
induced earthquakes, caused water borne diseases
and pest and pollution resulting from excessive use of
water.
RAJANI KRIISHNAN TGT SST
16. What is Rain water harvesting ?
It is a technique of increasing the recharge of
ground water by capturing and storing rainwater by
constructing structures such as percolation
pits, check dams, dug wells etc.
Objectives of rainwater harvesting
• To meet the increasing demand for water.
• To reduce run off.
• To avoid flooding of roads.
• To augment the ground water storage and raise
the water table.
• To improve the quality of ground water.
• To supplement domestic water requirements
during summer long dry spells.
RAJANI KRIISHNAN TGT SST
18. • From ancient times sophisticated hydraulic
structures have been built like -
- During Chandragupta Maurya’s time
dams & irrigation systems were extensively built
– In the 14th century, the tank in
Hauz Khas, Delhi was constructed by Iltutmish
for supplying water.
– In the 11th century, Bhopal lake, one of
the largest artificial lakes of its time was built.
–
Evidences of irrigation works have also been
found in Kalinga ( Orissa ), Nagarjunakonda (
A.P ), Bennur ( Karnataka), Kolhapur
RAJANI KRIISHNAN TGT SST
19.
Rain water harvesting
In the hilly and mountainous regions, people built diversion
channels like the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ of the western Himalayas
for agriculture.
Roof top rain water harvesting was commonly practiced to
store drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan.
In the flood plains of Bengal people developed inundation
channels to irrigate their fields.
In arid and semi arid regions, agricultural fields were
converted into rain fed storage structures that allowed the
water to stand and moisten the soil like the ‘Khadins’ in
Jaisalmer and ‘johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.
In Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer
almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks
or ‘tankas’ for storing drinking water.
In Gendathur a remote backward village in Mysore,
villagers have installed in their house holds roof top, rain
water harvesting system to meet their water needs.
RAJANI KRIISHNAN TGT SST
