1. Overview of
Instructional Design and
Technology
Created by: Alisa San Pedro
IDT 6100

2. Overview of Instructional Design and
Technology (IDT)
 What is Instructional Design and Technology?
 History of Instructional Design
 What theories and models are used in IDT?
 Instructional Design Evaluation Models
 New Advances and current obstacles face the IDT field.

3. What is Instructional Design &
Technology?
 The definition according to Reiser and Dempsey (2012)
Instructional Design and Technology is described as:
 “The systematic design of instruction and the use of media for
instructional purposes, the two sets of practices that have formed, and
still do form, the foundation of our field. The definition also focuses on
the efforts by many professionals in our field to use a variety of
instructional and non-instructional means to improve human performance
in the workplace.”

4. History of Instructional Design and
Technology
Interactive Timeline Through Dipity.com
History of Instructional Design and Technology

5. Instructional Design Models
ADDIE MODEL
A – Analyze
D – Design
D – Develop
I – Implement
E – Evaluate
 Pebble in the Pond
Instructional Design
 Task-Centered Instructional
Strategy

6. 1. Analysis
2. Design
3. Develop
4.
Implement
5.
Evaluate
1. Analysis- Needs
assessment, analyze
performance problems,
write objectives, create
goals
2. Design- Writing
Objectives,
evaluate &
organize content
3. Develop-
Preparing
student/instruct
or materials
5. Evaluate- Gather
feedback from end
users via summative
or formative
assessments.
4. Implement-
Deliver Instruction
Basic Steps of ADDIE
Instructional Model

7. Theories of Learning and Instruction
How do theories effect learning?
 Learning Theories provide information on how people learn and how to
improve learning experiences and facilitate higher-level learning.
Examples of Theories:
 Gagne’s Theory
 Constructivism
 Schema Theory and Cognitive Load
 Behavioral Learning Theory
 Bloom’s Taxonomy

8. Gagne’s Learning Theory
1. Gaining
attention
2. Informing
the learner of
objectives
3. Stimulating
recall of prior
knowledge
4. Presenting
information
5. Providing
guidance
6. Eliciting
Performance
7. Providing
feedback
8. Accessing
performance
9. Enhancing
retention and
transfer

9. Evaluation in Instructional Design
 Scriven describes evaluation as “the process of
determining the merit, worth, and value of things,
and evaluations are the products of that process.
(p. 139)
 Evaluation Models:
 Stufflebeam’s CIPP Evaluation model
 Rossi’s Five-Domain Evaluation model
 Kirkpatrick’s Training Evaluation model
 Patton’s Utilization-Focused Evaluation

10. Modern Advances in the Instructional
Design and Technology
 Diagrams
 Audio
 Videos
 Animations
 Photographs (3D/4D)
 Distance Learning

11. Virtual World and Games

12. Communicate
Collaborate
ShareCreate
Connect
Web 2.0
Technologies
Web 2.0
Technologies

13. Current Issues
 Privacy
 Technology Integration Gaps
 “Data show that only 21 states (42%) require technology coursework to
receive teacher licensure and only 10 (20%) require technology testing for
recertification” (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012, p. 213)
 Assessment of student learning outcomes.
 Issues keeping students on track on an assignment.
 Time constraints, Cost
 Lack of prescriptive guidance
 Gaming technology integration lacks research in how it promotes learning.

14. Overview of Instructional Technology
and Design
 What is Instructional Design and Technology?
 History of Instructional Design
 What theories and models are used in IDT?
 Instructional Design Evaluation Models
 New Advances and current obstacles face the IDT field.

15. References
Reiser, R., & Dempsey, J. (2012). Trends and issues in instructional design and
technology (3rd ed.). Boston: Pearson.