3. Risk & Hazard
The term hazard is used to
describe the potential of a compound
to cause damage. Risk refers to the
probability that potential harm
occurs.
Hazard is the potential to
cause harm; risk on the other
hand is the likelihood of harm
Objective
5. Fall of Object
Electrocution
Transport vehicle
Miscellaneous
HIGH INCIDENCES OF FATAL ACCIDENTS
WHILE WORKING AT HEIGHT
08%
11%
16%
08%
Fall of Person
57 %
6. Ways to prevent accident while working at
HEIGHT
A. Fall Prevention :- by analyzing.
Approach Risk
Work area Risk
Work method Risk
3M Risk
B. Fall Protection :-
Using PPE’s - Safety Helmet.
- F.B. Harness.
Safety Net.
Fall Arrester - Different type fall arresting Gadgets.
Edge Protection – providing hard barricading & nets.
Floor openings cover & Lift shaft door
8. We shall discuss about;
Ladders
Ramps
Scaffoldings
Working Platforms
Working On roofs & Fragile roofs
FALL PREVENTION
9. Angle of Inclination
Extension off landing
LADDERS
10. The angle should be 75º to
the horizontal plane (1:4).
Extend at least 1 m above
the landing place.
No rung should be missing.
It should always be laced at
the level of the platform.
It shall never be used
horizontally.
It should be firm & fitted
with a non-slippery foot
hold.
65-75º
4 unit
1 unit
1 m
Requirements Of Ladder
20. Precautions to be taken:
• Surface - firm, level and compacted.
• Sole plates below the base plates.
• Sole plate - at least should extend 600 mm
beyond the vertical pipes.
• Double pin to be provided at the coupler
joints.
• Doka staging should be braced at every height
of 6 m.
• Sufficient diagonal bracing.
Safety in Scaffolding
21. SCAFFOLD erected on
wooden members
SCAFFOLD placed over
concrete blocks
Staging Erected on Uneven Ground
31. 600 mm WHEN USED FOR PERSON
800 mm WHEN USED FOR PERSON & MATERIAL
OVERHANG
minimum 50 mm
maximum 4 times the think of the
board.
Allowable max. span between supports
1.5” thick plank 1.5 m
2” thick plank 2.6 m
Working Platform
32. Top rails between 900mm ht.
Toe boards at least 150 width
Top Rail
Mid- Rail
Toe
board
Guardrails
33. Covered or Guarded
Work permit
system for
opening Man-hole
Openings
38. Open Sides a
building that are
not barricaded
Openings at the
sides of the
rubbish chute
that are not
barricaded
Lift shaft
openings which
are not
barricaded
Floor Openings
without cover
or barricades
Stairways
without
railings.
39. Debris and other
materials may fall
through uncovered
openings.
Workers may fall thru
and get injured.
Few Do's & Don’ts
43. Sides & Edges - Improper
Guarding
This 1/4" nylon rope alone is not a
proper way to guard this open floor
44.
45. Working on Roofs
Falls occur due to:
# unprotected edge of roofs.
# through gaps or openings on roofs.
# fragile roof materials.
# wind
Prevent fall by:
# edge protection
# crawling board (roof ladder)
# Fall protection devices
# safety nets
46. Crawling board
•For ascending / egress on the sloped
roofs.
•With Edge protection.
•Shall not carry tools while in travel.
50. For working at 2.0 meter & more
height.
•Lanyard will be anchored to a
fixed
anchor point.
•Free-fall not to exceed 1.80
meter.
•Lanyard not more than 3 meter.
Full Body Safety Harness
52. Lanyard Anchorage
Point
Max Free
Fall Allowed
1.8 m
2 m or
more
Ground Level or Level
of adjacent surface
Full Body harness /
Waist Safety Belt
Full Body Safety Harness
53. Life Line
•It is a static line.
•Used while moving at height.
•Nylon / PP rope of 25 mm minimum
dia.
•Must facilitate shifting of lanyard.
Must be independent of any platform
anchorage and capable of supporting at least
5,000 lbs. per worker
54. Anchorage
Point
Usage of lifeline
Support
Lanyard
Full Body harness /
Waist Safety Belt
Life Line
20mm diameter polypropylene rope or 8 mm
wire rope
Anchorage capable of supporting at least
2268 kgf
Anchored to strong points
The sag of the life line shall not be more
than 15 degree
Life Line
58. Rope Grab Fall Arrester
Full Body
Harness
Class -L
Ladder
Rope
Grab Fall
Arrestor
Vertical
Life Line
Rope grab fall arrestors used during vertical movement
such as ascending or descending Scaffold towers, vertical
ladders etc.
Rope grab fall arrestors used to protect fall of workers
during vertical movement such as ascending or
descending Scaffold towers, vertical ladders etc.
62. Retractable fall arrestors shall be
used in places where high risk of fall
of workmen persists.
This fall arrestor can be directly
anchored to the anchorage or can be
used in conjunction with a lifeline
Retractable Type Fall Arrester
63. Safety Net
Safety net protects
Person from falling
Protect person working below
Safety net distance should not exceed 7.5 m
Net shall extend Ht.
up to 1.5 m 2.40 m
1.5 to 3.0 m 3.00 m
> 3.0 m 4.00 m
Person from falling
Tie cord at every 1 m
Border rope to withstand 5000 lbs (2268kg)
Drop test - 180 kg from 1 m above the
working area
71. •To support a minimum 250
pounds
•Minimum 5/8” diameter
fiber (PP/ Nylon rope )
having a breaking strength of
at least 6000 lbs.
•For height not more than 91
mtr.
•Wind speed less than 10 km
/ hr
Boatswain Chair