This article mainly introduces the advantages and problems of perovskite solar cell. Visit https://www.alfa-chemistry.com/products/perovskite-solar-cells-139.htm for more information.

1. Advantages and Problems of Perovskite Solar Cell
1 Introduction
As global energy consumption continues to grow and environmental pollution becomes more
serious, replacing traditional energy sources with clean renewable energy is imminent. Solar
energy is widely used due to its widespread distribution. Solar cells are the most important way
to use solar energy, and new types of solar cells with perovskite as light absorbing materials are
developing rapidly. The perovskite material can be used not only as a light absorbing layer but
also as an electron transport layer (ETM) and a hole transport layer (HTM). Due to the high light
absorption coefficient, lower cost and simple preparation of the perovskite solar cell, it has
attracted widespread attention.
2 Work Mechanism of Perovskite Solar Cell
Under illumination, photons with energy greater than the forbidden band width of the light
absorbing layer will be absorbed by the material in the light absorbing layer, while valence
electrons in the layer are excited into the conduction band and leave holes in the valence band.
When the conduction band energy level of the light absorbing layer is higher than the conduction
band energy level of the electron transport layer, the conduction band electrons in the light
absorbing layer are injected into the conduction band of the electron transport layer, and the
electrons are further transported to the anode and the external circuit. And when the valence
band energy level of the light absorbing layer is lower than the valence band energy level of the
hole transport layer, holes in the light absorbing layer are injected into the hole transport layer,
and holes are transported to the cathode and the external circuit to form a complete loop. The
main function of the dense layer is to collect electrons injected from the perovskite absorption
layer, thereby causing charge separation of the electron-hole pairs of the perovskite absorption
layer. In addition, the dense layer also acts as a barrier to prevent the contact of the perovskite
with the FTO to avoid the recombination of electrons with the FTO.
3 Advantages of Perovskite Solar Cell
Compared with existing solar cell technologies, perovskite materials and devices have the
following advantages:
3.1 Excellent comprehensive performance
This new inorganic/organic composite perovskite material has excellent comprehensive
performance: it can efficiently perform the absorption of incident light, the excitation, transport
and separation of photogenerated carriers at the same time.
3.2 High extinction coefficient and appropriate band gap width
The perovskite material has a good energy band width of about 1.5 eV, and has a very high
extinction coefficient, and the light absorption capacity is more than 10 times higher than other
organic dyes. In terms of optoelectronic properties, the methylamine lead halide perovskite
material exhibits excellent performance, and its light absorption ability is more than 10 times
higher than that of the dye, and is an ideal material for developing high-efficiency and low-cost
solar cells.
3.3 Excellent bipolar carrier transport properties
Such perovskite materials are capable of efficiently transporting electrons and holes. The
electron/hole transport length is greater than 1 μm, and the carrier lifetime is much longer than

2. other solar cells.
3.4 Higher open circuit voltage
The biggest advantage of a perovskite battery is that it produces a high open circuit voltage under
full illumination. The current open circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells has reached 1.3V, which
is close to that of GaAs cells and much higher than other batteries, indicating that its energy loss
under full sunlight is very low, and the conversion efficiency has a large room for improvement.
3.5 Simple structure
The battery is composed of a transparent electrode, an electron transport layer, a perovskite light
absorbing layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode, and can be made into a P-I-N type
planar structure, which is advantageous for scale production.
3.6 Mild preparation conditions
The core material of the battery - the composite perovskite material can be prepared by mild
preparation methods such as coating, vapor deposition, and mixing processes, which are simple
in process, low in manufacturing cost and energy consumption.
4 Problems of Perovskite Solar Cell
At present, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 20% at
the laboratory level, but there are still several key factors that limit the development of
perovskite solar cells.
4.1 Poor reproducibility of high performance battery
Perovskite solar cells are very sensitive to changes in conditions during the preparation process,
which results in a large statistical bias in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a group of cells
prepared under the same conditions. Although the conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells
has been increasing, poor reproducibility will affect large-scale applications and further scientific
research in the future.
4.2 Stability of solar cell
Exposure to the atmosphere makes the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar
cells severely attenuated. In addition, ultraviolet light, temperature, moisture, and organic
molecules also affect the stability of the perovskite solar cell.
4.3 Preparation of large area solar cells
The effective illumination area of the perovskite solar cell with high conversion efficiency is
relatively small, and the uniformity of the device film is deteriorated after the preparation area is
increased, so that the conversion efficiency of the large-area solar cell is low. At present, the most
common method for preparing perovskite solar cells is spin coating, which is not conducive to the
preparation of large-area, continuous perovskite films.
4.4 Environmental pollution problems
The absorption layer of the commonly used perovskite solar cell contains soluble heavy metal Pb.
Also, toxic organic solvents may be used during device preparation, which may cause
environmental pollution. The development of environmentally friendly Pb-free perovskite solar
cells has become a new research direction.
5 Conclusion
Due to the unique properties of perovskite solar cells, they have a very bright industrial prospect
and have become one of the most promising competitors of existing commercial solar cells.

3. Therefore, the research of perovskite solar cells is of great significance to seize the opportunities
of the development of solar cell industry and promote the upgrading of new solar cell technology.
In the long run, promoting the large-scale industrialization of perovskite solar cells will enable
mankind to obtain cheaper and more convenient environmentally friendly clean energy, and even
have important significance for the sustainable development of the entire human race.