1. MICROPROPAGATION FOR PRODUCTION
OF QUALITY BANANA PLANTING
MATERIAL
SPEAKER
Mr. AMOL V. JAMALE
Reg. No: J4-00905-2011
PGIABM, JAU, JUNAGADH
1

2. CONTENT
 Introduction.
 Why do micropropagation?
 Advantages of micropropagation.
 General steps of micropropagation.
 Varieties grown in India.
 Economic of micropropagated banana.
 SWOT analysis of micropropagation.
 Government schems and incentives.
 Conclusion.
2

3. INTRODUCTION
 Banana is a globally important fruit crop with 97.5 million tones of
production.
 India produces about 26.217 million tones of Banana from an area of
0.709 Mha., with an average productivity of 37.0 mt/ha.
 Banana occupy 20% area among the total area under crop in India.
 Micropropagation is refers to rapid asexual in vitro multiplication of
a desired plant of banana.
 In India only 7 percent area under the tissue culture plantlets and
remaining 93percent propagated by sucker.
 New entrepreneurs having sound scope in production of banana
micropropagated plantlets.
Source :- www.apcoab.org 3

4. LEADING BANANA PRODUCING COUNTRIES
Source: National Horticulture Board (NHB) 2009-10
4

5. Indian Production
State wise Production of Banana in of Banana
India
Source: National Horticulture Board (NHB) 2009-10 5

6. DISTRICT WISE ESTIMATED AREA, PRODUCTION &
PRODUCTIVITY OF BANANA IN GUJARAT YEAR 2010-11
AREA IN HECTORS, PRODUCTION IN M.T., PRODUCTIVITY M.T./HA. GUJARAT
STATE
Sr. Area Productio Productivi
No.
Name of District
n ty
1 Bharuch 15200 990280 65.15
2 Anand 14045 877391 62.47
3 Baroda 9390 569130 60.61
4 Narmada 6000 384000 64.00
5 Junagadh 1800 81000 45.00
6 Bhavnagar 1600 88000 55.00
7 Tapi 1600 88000 55.00
8 Kutch 1000 52690 52.69
9 Baroda 9390 569130 60.61
10 Kheda 806 36270 45.00
11 Valsad 770 43120 56.00
12 Navsari 460 25760 56.00
13 Panchmahal 300 9150 30.50
14 Sabarkantha 204 6149 30.14
Source:- agri.gujarat.Gov. in 6

7. WHAT IS MICROPROPAGATION ?
A whole plant can be regenerated from a small tissue or
plant cells in a suitable culture medium under controlled
environment. The plantlets so produced are called tissue-
culture raised plants.
7

8. WHY DO MICROPROPAGATION ?
 A single explant can be multiplied into several thousand plants in
less than a year – this allows fast commercial propagation of new
cultivars.
 Once established, a plant tissue culture line can give a continuous
supply of young plants throughout the year.
 In plants prone to virus diseases, virus free explants (new
meristem tissue is usually virus free) can be cultivated to provide
virus free plants.
8

9. CONT.…
 Plant ‘tissue banks’ can be frozen, then regenerated through
tissue culture.
 Plant cultures in approved media are easier to export than are
soil-grown plants, as they are pathogen free and take up little
space (most current plant export is now done in this manner).
9

10. LIST OF BANANA AND PLANTAIN DISEASES
Bacterial diseases
Bacterial wilt Pseudomonas
solanacearum
Finger tip rot (gumming)
Pseudomonas spp
Rhizome rot Erwinia
carotovora
Fungal diseases
Anthracnose Colletotrichum
musae
Black cross Phyllachora
musicola
Black leaf streak Mycosphaerella
fijiensis
Black root rot Rosellinia
bunodes
Crown rot Verticillium
theobromae
Source:- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 10

11. ADVANTAGES OF MICROPROPAGATION
1.Rapid multiplication
2.Requirement of limited mother stock
3.Product uniformity
4.Season independent production
5.Agronomic advantages
6.Plant exchange
7.High returns
11

12. Source : Cadila pharmaceuticals limited 12

13. STAGE 0 : SELECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF STOCK
PLANTS FOR CULTURE INITIATION
EXPLANT
SHOOT TIPS FROM YOUNG
SUCKER
APICAL MERISTEM (1-2 Cm3)
SURFACED STERILIZATION
13

14. STAGE- I : INITIATION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF
ASEPTIC CULTURE
Source: Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd 14

15. INITIATION
15

16. STAGE –II : MULTIPLICATION OF SHOOT
16

17. STAGE -III: ROOTING
17

18. STAGE –IV: ACCLIMATIZATION / HARDENING
18

19. SECONDARY HARDENING
Plants transferred to nursery bags
Kept for 6 to 8 weeks under 50%
shade
Regular foliar sprays
Variation if observed is discarded
Plant ready for sale (1 feet height)
19

20. FACTORS AFFECTING PLANT MICROPROPAGATION
1. Growth Media
2. Environmental Factors
3. Explants Source
4. Genetics
20

21. BANANA PLANTS READY FOR SALE
21

22. IDEAL TISSUE CULTURE RAISED PLANT
An ideal tissue culture raised plant should:
 Be 30 cm in height and have a pseudostem
circumference of 5.0-6.0 cm after 60 days of total
hardening.
 Have 4-5 photosynthetically active leaves and inter-foliar
space must be not less than 5.0 cm.
 Have approximately 25-30 more than 15 cm active roots
at the end of secondary hardening.
22

23. CONT….
 Be free from any visual symptoms of leaf spot, pseudostem
rot and physical deformations;
 Be free from root pathogens like Erwinia, nematode lesions
and root knots.
 Random checking of roots is essential to ensure health of
plantation.
23

24. PROJECTED MULTIPLICATION RATE OF BANANA UNDER
OF TISSUE CULTURE FROM A SINGLE EXPLANT
Particulars Stage Generation Duration (days) No. of plants
Initiation 25 1
Subculture 1st 50 3
stages 2nd 75-80 12
3rd 100-110 48
4th 125-130 192
5th 175-180 760
6th 200-210 3,040
7th 225-230 12,160
Rooting 255-260 11-12000
Primary 270-280 11,500-11,000*
hardening
Secondary 310-320 10,000-10,500*
hardening
Shukla S. 2008 24

25. Hand
Finger
Source: Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd 25

26. SUCKERS TISSUE CULTURE
Source: Jain Irrigation 26

27. COMPARATIVE INCOME FROM TISSUE-CULTURE AND
SUCKER-PROPAGATED BANANAS
Sl. Parameters TC Sucker Comparison
No propagated propagated percentage
bananas bananas
1 Mean yield (bunches/ha) 2,663 2,416 -
2 Mean price received (/bunch) 94.47 76.42 -
3 Value of main product (/ha) 2,51,573 184,630 -
4 Value of by-product (/ha) 1729 2,518 -
5 Gross income (/ha) 2,53,302 187,149 26%
6 Total expenses (/ha) 1,41,040 108,294 23%
7 Net income (/ha) 1,12,262 78,855 30%
8 Cost of production per bunch 52.31 43.78 -
9 Net income per bunch 42.16 32.64 -
Source: Hanumantharya et al. (2009) 27

28. VARIETIES GROWN IN INDIA
State Varieties grown
Maharashtra Grand naine, safed velchi, (AB), Dwarf Cavedish, Shindhuri,
Ardhapuri, Lalvelchi (Mysore), Rajeli (Plantain).
Gujarat Grand naine, Dwarf Cavedish, Lactan, Harichal, Gandevi
Selection.
Tamil nadu Grand naine, matti, sevvazhai (red banana), ney poovan,
robusta poovan (mysore), sthali (silk), virupakshi (pome),
pachanadan, nedran, sakkai.
Andhra Pradesh Grand naine, Dwarf Cavedish, robusta.
Assam Jahaji, borjahaji, manjahaji, robusta, honda, chenichampa,
alpan, malbhoj (silk), jatikol (mysore) manohar, bhimkol.
Bihar Dwarf Cavedish, chinai, chenichampa, alpan (mysore), malbhoj
(silk), gauria .
Karnataka Grand naine, Dwarf Cavedish, poovan (mysore), robusta , elakki
bale.
Kerala Njali poovan, red banana, nendran (plantain), palayankondan
(mysore) poovan silk, monthan.
West bengal Amrit sagar, giant governor, lacton, mortman (silk), champa 28

29. PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF TISSUE CULTURE COMPANIES
IN INDIA
State Company Name Production Capacity
(millions per annum)
Gujarat Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 10.00
Shaili Biotech (P) Ltd. 6.00
Sarjan Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 5.00
Arcadia Agro 3.60
Maharashtra Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd. 60.00
Rise N Shine Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 15.00
Gargi Biotek Pvt. Ltd. 15.00
H.U Gugle Agro Biotech Co. 5.00
Seema Biotech 2.00
Andhra Pradesh Godrej Agrovet Ltd. 5.00
Anantha Biotechnologies 3.50
A.G. Bioteck Laboratories (India) 3.00
Ltd.
Agri Vitro Tech Laboratories 3.00
Brookfileds Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 1.50 29

30. CONT….
Tamil Nadu SPIC Agro Biotech Centre 7.00
Growmore Bioteh Ltd. 10.00
Uttarakhand Aryave Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 2.00
Uttar Pradesh Tissue Culture Facility, Biotech 0.60
Park
Haryana Sheel Biotech Ltd. 6.00
West Bengal Boinchi Bioplants Pvt. Ltd. 2.00
Vedic Synergy Biotech. Ltd. 7.00
Elegant Flower Company Pvt. 1.50
Ltd.
Karnataka Lakshmi Biotech 3.00
Green Earth Biotech. Ltd. 3.00
Lab and Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 3.00
Shri Ramco Biotech 5.0
K.F. Biotech Pvt Ltd. 3.00
Chattisgarh Aditya Biotech Lab & Research 1.00
Pvt Ltd.
Devleela Biotechs 1.00
30
Shukla S. 2008

31. MARKET PROJECTIONS FOR TISSUE CULTURE BANANA
PLANTS IN INDIA
Year
2004-05 2007-08 2010-11
(million) (million) (million)
Anticipated Volume 27.50 64.00 80.00
Value 330.00 768.00 960.00
@`Rs. 12/plant @`Rs. 12/plant @`Rs. 12/plant
Actual Volume 30.00 51.00
Value 2750 765.00
@`Rs. 15/plant @`Rs. 15/plant
Sources : Survey report of DBT 2005 31

32. AREA UNDER TISSUE CULTURE AND SUCKER
PROPAGATED BANANAS
Area(Mha) Percentage
Tissue culture 0.053 7
Sucker propagated 0.709 93
Total 0.770 100
source : www.apcoab.org. 32

33. ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMERCIAL PLANT TISSUE
CULTURE UNIT
 COMPONENTS:
1) STORAGE ROOM FOR CHEMICALS.
2) MEDIA PREPARATION ROOM.
3) WASHING ROOM.
4) INOCULATION ROOM.
5) GROWTH ROOM.
6) GREEN HOUSE.
33

34. ECONOMICS OF STARTING PTC BUSINESS
WITH THE MINIMAL INVESTMENT
 Capacity 3 lakh plantlets per annum
CAPITAL (Rs. lakhs)
INVESTMENT
Fixed assets 10.10
Working capital(3 3.63
month)
Total 13.73 34
34

35. D. MEANS OF FINANCE
Debt 10.25
Equity 3.63
Total 13.73
Debt : Equity 3:2
Rate of interest on loans 17%
35

36. CONT….
(I) Cost of Production (per annum) (Rs. lakhs)
Recurring cost 14.52
Depreciation (@10%) 0.80
Interest (@17%) 1.31
Total 16.63
36

37. CONT….
(II) Turnover
Total plantlets 3 lakhs
Selling price Rs. 8 per plant
Total turnover Rs. 24 lakhs
Net profit Rs. 7.37 lakhs
% Profit on sales 30%
IRR 19%
Return on investment 56%
Source : DBT Government of India 37

38. NEED FOR CERTIFICATION OF MICROPROPAGATED
RAISED PLANTS
 Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India has
established National Certification System for Tissue Culture
Raised Plants (NCS TCP).
 Regulate genetic fidelity as authorized vide the Gazette of India
Notification dated 10th March 2006 of Ministry of Agriculture
under section 8 of the Seeds Act, -1966.
38

39. ACCREDITATION OF LABORATORIES AND
CERTIFICATION OF PRODUCTION FACILITY
TC Certification
Application Authority
Application Tissue Culture
Test Accreditation/Certification
Production
Laboratory Unit Facility
Accreditation/Certification
Site visit Panel
Site
visit Evaluation
Report
Accreditation/Certification Unit
Certified TC Production Facility
Accreditation /Certificates
39

40. PROCESS FOR CERTIFICATION TISSUE CULTURE OF
RAISED PLANTS
Certified TC Production Facility
Application Site visit
Accredited Test Laboratory
Testing of Samples
Test Report
Positive
Certificate of Quality (CQ-TCP)
40

41. FEE STRUCTURE FOR CERTIFICATION OF TISSUE
CULTURE PRODUCTION FACILITIES
(FIGURES IN RS.)
Small-scale Medium-scale Large-scale
companies companies companies
(Up to 1 million (1 to 3 million (>3 million
plantlets/annum) plantlets/annum) plantlets/annu
m)
Registration fee 1000 1000 1000
Inspection and 1000 3000 5000
report preparation
Processing and 5000 5000 5000
Certification
PERIOD OF VALIDITY OF CERTIFICATION IS TWO YEARS 41

42. LABELING BANANA-TISSUE CULTURE (BTC)
BTC shall be supplied in containers. A cloth-lined label of 12cm x 6 cm
containing following information shall be affixed on the container
Crop Banana Label No. :
Variety
Class of material : BTC
Lot No. :Batch
Accredited test laboratory
and certification reference note
Date of certification
Production Agency :
(Name and address)
Source:-Biotech consortium India Ltd.New delhi
42

43. GOVERNMENT SCHEMES AND INCENTIVES
 Agricultural and Processed food products Export
Development Authority (APEDA).
 National Horticulture Board (NHB).
 Department of Biotechnology (DBT).
 Small Farmers Agri business Consortium (SFAC).
 State Level Incentives.
 Financial Assistance by Banks.
43

44. AGRICULTURAL AND PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS
EXPORT DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (APEDA)
 50% subsidy is given for the development of infrastructure.
 Financial assistance is also given for strengthening quality control
facilities and implementation of ISO 9000.
44

45. NATIONAL HORTICULTURE BOARD (NHB)
 For setting up of a new tissue culture lab there is a
provision for project cost with a maximum limit of Rs. 25 lakh
per project.
 NHB also has a scheme for providing subsidy for cultivation
under controlled climate condition in poly houses, green
houses, net houses, etc.
45

46. DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (DBT)
 DBT has supported 150 projects so far for development of
micropropagation related protocols for about 50plant species.
 DBT established National Certification System for Tissue
Culture Raised Plants vide the Gazette of India Notification
dated 10th March 2006 of Ministry of Agriculture under
section 8 of the Seeds Act, 1966
46

47. SMALL FARMERS AGRI BUSINESS CONSORTIUM (SFAC)
 SFAC under the Ministry of Agriculture give soft loans up
to 50 lakhs for setting up of small tissue culture labs by
cooperative societies formed by small scale farmers.
47

48. STATE LEVEL INCENTIVES
 The states of Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Andhra
Pradesh are giving financial assistance of 20% on investments
for setting tissue culture labs under the new agro industrial
policy.
48

49. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE BY BANKS
 Some nationalized banks like Canara Bank has opened a
special cell for financing high tech agriculture projects.
 National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
(NABARD) under its refinancing scheme has supported some 30
projects with 32% subsidy on investment
49

50. MICROPROPAGATION OF BANANA SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH:
 Agro climetic conditoin is suitable for tissue culture banana
Cultivation
 Bunches are uniform, big finger size and average 140-150
fingers per bunch.
 Financing institution are also interested to finance of
commercial production of banana tissue culture.
50

51. WEAKNESS
 It requires more investment in initial stage.
 It is relatively sophisticated technology than suckers. and need
to be well equipped with knowledge and skills.
51

52. OPPORTUNITY
 Heavy market demand with good price.
 The enterpreneur could get subsidy and credit facilities .
52

53. THREATS
 There will be heavy damage to the plant if there is cyclone and
hailstorm.
 Complete watch and ward is necessary for discriminates for
storing bunches.
 Heavy winter during bunch initiation period reduces the bunch
size and occurrence of throat choke disease.
53

54. CONCLUSION
 India is being looked upon by the world as the main technology
base for production and supply of economically important plant
varieties.
 The plant tissue culture technology has been very successful
as an industry and has greatly contributed to successful
agriculture and Indian farmers are becoming aware about the
propagation of tissue culture because of high yielding
productivity. But, only 7 percent area of banana in India is under
tissue culture plantation.
 New entrepreneurs having sound scope in production of
banana micropropagated plantlets, will get 7.37 lakh from 3
lakh plantlets per annum.
54

55. 55