Influencing policy (training slides from Fast Track Impact)
180 hybrid-coupler
1. LOGO
EENG 541 Project:
180°-Hybrid Coupler
Prepared by / Ahmed Mahfouz Marzouk
Presented to/ Dr. Amr Safwat
2. Outline:
INTRODUCTION.
PROBLEM.
METHODOLOGY
Wilkinson-Power-Divider based Design.
Phase reversal Design using CPW Inverter
Compact Folded Line
Artificial Transmission Lines
Using Left-Handed Materials
CONCLUSION.
REFERENCES.
3. Introduction:
The 180° hybrid is a 4 port network widely used in
RF and Microwave Circuits
Applications:
Balanced Mixers.
Balanced Amplifiers.
Power Multipliers / Dividers
Antenna Feeding Networks
4. Introduction:
Advantages over 3-port lossless balun:
In-phase and Out-of-phase power splitting while maintaining:
Port-to-Port Isolation
Ports Matching
Balanced Circuits require
HYBRID RINGS
5. Introduction:
The 180° hybrid is a 4 port network widely used in
RF and Microwave Circuits
Applications[2]:
Balanced Mixers.
Balanced Amplifiers.
Antenna Feeding Networks
Power Multipliers / Dividers
Implementation:
rat-race hybrid as the most popular way.
6. PROBLEM:
The 180°-Hybrid Limitations:
Compactness
Bandwidth
THE 270° SECTION
The resulting 1.5 λ is often
large especially in MMIC app.
The 270°-section has the
largest phase variation versus
frequency, since the phase variation is proportional to the
line length (∂ф/ ∂ω α ℓ)
8. Methodology:[1]
The resistor replacement with a 4th port of an
equal characteristic impedance
MAIN ADVANTAGE: Reduced Size compared to
conventional Rat-Race Hybrid
9. Methodology[2]:
PHASE REVERSAL Method
270°-section replacement with a “-90°” section.
The “-90°”-section realization:
A 90° Microstrip line.
A Co-Planar Waveguide phase inverter.
11. Methodology[3]:
Compact Folded Line Configurations:
Rat-Race Configuration using folded line geometry:
Design Equations: (Using Even-Odd Analysis for single C-
Section Rat-Race Hybrid) :
12. Methodology[3]:
Compact Folded Line Configurations:
Rat-Race Configuration using folded line geomtry:
Design Equations: (Using Even-Odd Analysis for single C-
Section Rat-Race Hybrid) :
Result
13. Methodology:
Artificial Transmission Lines (ATLs) [4]:
270°-section replacement with a “-90°” section.
The “-90°”-section realization:
Left-Handed material: realizing an artificial lumped-
element TL section.
14. Methodology:
Artificial Transmission Lines (ATLs) [4]:
270°-section replacement with a “-90°” section.
The “-90°”-section realization:
Left-Handed material: realizing an artificial lumped-
element TL section.
15. Methodology:
Artificial Transmission Lines (ATLs) [4]:
270°-section replacement with a “-90°” section.
The “-90°”-section realization:
Left-Handed material: realizing an artificial lumped-
element TL section.
16. Conclusion:
180° hybrids are still to be optimized
Rat-Race Implementation of a 180 hybrid is a
challenging in PCB technology.
Problem: BW and Size especially the (3 λ /4)
section.
Solutions:
WPD-based Design [1]
Using CPW Phase Inverter [2]
ATL Section [4]
Folded Line Configuration[3][5]
20. Paper 1: Affiliation
Ning Yang, Member, IEEE, Christophe Caloz,
Fellow, IEEE, and Ke Wu, Fellow, IEEE.
University: The École Poly-technique de
Montréal; The Polytechnical School of Montreal.
Applications: separating the sum and the difference of two input signals
While the lossless 3-port balun provides the out-of-phase power splitting, the rat-race ring achieves such splitting while maintaining port-to-port isolations and return losses, in addition to keeping the ports matched. And as a result the rat-race hybrid ring is better than the lossless 3-port network in the balanced circuits.
Applications: separating the sum and the difference of two input signals as shown.The 180 hybrid may be implemented in several forms , among which the rat –race hybrid is most popularly used in microwave circuits for its simple design and its planar form.
The conventional rat-race is composedof three quarter-wavelength sections and one 3 quarters transmission line sections forming aring. The limiting factor in these hybrids in term of both com-pactness and bandwidth is the270 DEGREE transmission-linesection.
As shown this is the proposed rat-race configuration using folded line geometry. Here the TL sections of conventional rat-race hybrid are replaced by folded lines sections connecting through TL sections of small lengths.The folding can be in either edge-coupled (single-level) or broadside-coupled (multilevel) configurations.
As shown this is the proposed rat-race configuration using folded line geometry. Here the TL sections of conventional rat-race hybrid are replaced by folded lines sections connecting through TL sections of small lengths.The folding can be in either edge-coupled (single-level) or broadside-coupled (multilevel) configurations.
As shown this is the double C-section hybrid in comparison to the conventional design.
