2. Interview Project

3. Hydrocarbon gases Non-Hydrocarbon gases
Methane C1 Hydrogen sulfide H2S
Ethane C2 Water vapor H2O(V)
Propane C3 Carbon dioxide CO2
Butane C4 Nitrogen N2
Pentane C5 Mercury Hg
Hexane+ C6+
What is the meaning of + ?

4. Hydrocarbon gases Non-hydrocarbon gases
Methane C1 77-99 % Hydrogen sulfide H2S 0-4 PPM
Ethane C2 0.05-20 % Carbon dioxide CO2 0.1-3.44 %
Propane C3 0.01-5 % Nitrogen N2 0.11-.83 %
Butane C4 0-1.74 % Water vapor H2O(V)
Pentane C5 0-0.24 %
Hexane+ C6+ 0-0.08 %

5. Composition Reservoir

6. Hydrocarbon gases Non-hydrocarbon gases
Lean Rich Sour Sweet Wet Dry
Ethane C2
Ethane C2 H2S H2S H2O(V) H2O(V)
Propane C3
CO2 CO2
Butane C4 Propane C3
Pentane C5
Hexane+ C6+ Butane C4
Pentane C5
Hexane+ C6+
Note: The C1 is the main component in
both

7. Natural gas reservoir Oil and associated gas reservoir

9. TCF: Trillion Cubic feet

10. Domestic 2% CNG 1%
Petrochemical 12%
Electricity 56 %
Industry 29 %

11. UP-Stream Down-Stream
Gas treatment Consumers
Gas
Production Factory

12. Reason Process Contaminant
Gas production from wells
Oil
Acid Condensate
gas
H2o Acid Liquids removal
Free Water
H2S
Corrosion Acid gas removal (Sweeting)
CO2
H.C.+ H2O Hydrate Water removal (Dehydration) H2O(V)
(Physical combination)
Compression ?
Pipe blockage
National Grid

14. National Grid
Field Treatment Consumers
Up- Stream Process Down- Stream Process
Well
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5+
NGL
Sales gas National Grid
Field Treatment Factory Consumers
Rich Gas Well

15. LNG C1
C2
Sales gas
Factory
National Grid
Field Treatment Consumers
Lean Gas Well

16. Products
NGL
$
National Grid
Rich gas

17. Gas Processing Gas Distribution Gas Transmission
Factories National Grid

18. El-Salam El-Tarek El-Obayid El-Qasr
WDGC
Western Desert Gas Complex
Sales Gas National Grid
C2/C3 (gas) Sidpec
C3 (Liq.) Naftomar
LPG (Liq.) Petro Gas
Cond. (Liq.) Ameryia
crude oil

19. Bed 2 Bed 3 Abu-sanan
Ameryia LPG Recovery Plant
Sales Gas National Grid
C2/C3 (gas) WDGC
LPG (Liq.) Petro Gas
Cond. (Liq.) Ameryia
crude oil

20. Components
Co2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 IC4 NC4 IC5 Nc5 C6 C7+
Acid gas
LNG
LPG
Commercial
propane
Condensate
NGL

21. LNG Export
Lean gas
Domestic
Gas treatment Sales gas Industry
CNG stations
Rich gas
Gas
Production C2/C3 Petrochemicals
NGL C3 Export
LPG(C3/C4) Domestic
Condensate Oil refinery
C5+ (API)
Up-Stream Process Down-Stream Process Products

22. National
Dehydration Chilling Grid
Storage Fractionation

23. National
Dehydration Chilling Grid
Storage Fractionation

24. H2O
CH4

25. H2O
Hydrate
T P

26. Psi

27. Adsorption Absorption
Molecules
Molecules
Liquid
Solid Surface
Solvent

28. Wet gas Hot Regen gas
Wet Regen gas
Molecular sieve
Hot Regen gas
Cold Regen gas
Dry gas
Adsorption Heating Cooling

29. PFD: Process Flow Diagram

30. 0 4 8 12 16 20 24

33. National
Dehydration Chilling Grid
Storage Fractionation

34. Pressure reduction Refrigeration
Turbo-Expander Joule-Thomson valve Refrigerant
High P Low P
High T Low T High T Low T
High P Low P
High T Low T
Refrigerant

35. Pressure reduction
Turbo-Expander Joule-Thomson valve
• For Gas only • For Liquid and Gas
• Produce work • Doesn't produce work
• More efficient
ΔP ΔT ΔP ΔT
W
Expander Compressor

39. Shell side Flow in
Tube side Flow out
Shell side Flow out
Tube side Flow in

41. NGL
Pressure
reduction
National Grid
Field Treatment Consumers
Pipe storage
Well

42. Refrigeration

44. Compressor
Air cooler
Vapor Refrigerant
Process Gas Condenser
Latent heat of
vaporization
Evaporator -Chiller
Liquid Refrigerant
Joule-Thomson valve

45. Gas Refrigerant
Hot Process Gas
Cold Process Gas Liquid Refrigerant

47. Compressor
-42 °C Air cooler
1 bar 80 °C
20 bar
Vapor Propane
Process Gas Condenser
Latent heat of
vaporization 50 °C
20 bar
Evaporator -Chiller
Liquid Propane
-42 °C
1 bar
Joule-Thomson valve

48. 120° C GAS - (STEAM)
100° C
LIQUID - (WATER)
0° C
SOLID - (ICE)
335 KJ 419 KJ 2676 KJ D
1 kg water at 1 bar pressure

50. National
Dehydration Chilling Grid
Storage Fractionation

51. •Distillation :The process of separating materials by successively heating to vaporize
a portion and then cooling to liquefy a part of the vapor. Materials to be separated
must differ in boiling point and/or relative volatility.

53. C2/C3
NGL

54. National
Dehydration Chilling Grid
Storage Fractionation

55. Evaporation Boiling
Ordinary evaporation is a surface The boiling point is defined
phenomenon - some molecules have as the temperature at which
enough kinetic energy to escape. If the the saturated vapor pressure
container is closed, an equilibrium is of a liquid is equal to the
reached where an equal number of surrounding atmospheric
molecules return to the surface. The pressure
pressure of this equilibrium is called the
saturation vapor pressure.

56. vapor pressure (true vapor pressure): The pressure exerted by the equilibrium
vapor of a liquid when confined in a closed tank.
Water boils at 100 °C
Because
vapor pressure of water = 1 atm @ 100 °C

58. 1 atm
Storage pressure Vapor pressure

60. Storage pressure Vapor pressure
Propane
LPG
Condensate

61. Pressurized
Vapor pressure of C3&C4
@ ambient T 1 atm
Propane
LPG
Non- Pressuried Vapor pressure of C5
@ ambient T 1 atm
Condensate

62. Pressurized Refrigerated
T) Ambient T) Critical T) Ambient T) Critical
96 °C -82 °C
Propane Methane

63. V.P.=10 bar @ 50 °C
Rault law
Vapor pressure of mixture (C3/C4) = (XC3*V.P. C3) + (XC4*V.P. C4)

68. Exhaust High pressure gas
500 °C
Centrifugal
Axial compressor Turbine
compressor
Air
Combustion chamber
Low pressure gas
Fuel