Final Presentation of Internship In Sudan. Presentation was attended by PETRONAS and Scomi Oiltools Officials

1. INDUSTRIAL INTERNSHIP PRESENTATION ScomiOiltools Overseas (M), Khartoum , Sudan AHMAD BAKRI BIN ZUBIR Petroleum Engineering | 9058 UniversitiTeknologiPetronas Plant Supervisor Mr. RamySrag DF Operational Manager Date: 4th January 2010 Time: 2.30 pm

2. OUTLINE Industrial internship objectives Host company profile Drilling fluids Internship assignments, activities and site operations Lesson learned and experience gained Discussion & recommendation Conclusion

3. INTERNSHIP OBJECTIVES Integrate theory with practice & apply theoretical knowledge in industrial application. Introduce student to work culture and industrial practices Expose student to potential employers Importance Health, Safety & environment (HSE) at workplace To make interns be acquainted with water-based mud systems used in ScomiOiltools in Sudan operations and contribute the company by assisting on-site field engineers.

4. HOST COMPANY PROFILE ScomiOiltools (formerly known as KMC Oiltools), a subsidiary of Scomi Group. One of the world’s leading providers of innovative high performance drilling fluids and drilling waste management services. ScomiOiltools had established overseas operations in Sudan in 2003 with GNPOC and in 2005 with WNPOC Involved in three core division – drilling fluids, drilling waste management and oilfield product distribution Worldwide operations coverage of drilling fluid operations - extends from Asia region to USA

5. DRILLING FLUIDS Introduction Fluids that aid the production and removal of cuttings from the borehole Differ widely in their chemical compositions. Also known as mud.

6. DRILLING FLUIDS Functions Additional Seal Permeable formation Primary Suspend cuttings - Static condition Transport & remove cuttings from the well Cool, lubricate the drill string & BHA Control formation pressure Minimize loss of fluid to formation Maintain borehole stability Hydraulic horse power to the bit

7. DRILLING FLUIDS Mud Circulation

8. DRILLING FLUIDS Mud Content Fluid Phase (water or oil) Solids (to give desired mud property) Inactive solids – do not react with mud (i.e barite) to give mud weight Active solids – clays that react with the water (i.ebentonite) to give viscosity. Additives (to give desired mud property) Polymers and chemicals to control viscosity, yield point, fluid loss, pH, controls

10. Main disadvantage – causes shale instability

11. Lower cost

12. Types of WBM used in ScomiOiltools Sudan Operations -

13. Non-inhibitive (gel)

14. Inhibitive (KCl)

16. Advantage

17. Does not react with shales

18. Good lubrication to BHA

19. Undamaging mud – very low formation damage if any

20. Excellent wellbore stability

21. Usually used in HTHP wells

22. Disadvantage

23. Environmental impacts (toxic)

24. Much more expensive than WBM

25. Danger threat to rig workers - slippery2. OIL BASED MUD

26. DRILLING FLUIDS Chemical & Polymer Additives Soda Ash – Hardness reducer Sodium Bicarbonate – Hardness & pH reducer Caustic Soda – Alkalinity control (increases pH) Bentonite – Viscosifier PAC-R & PAC-UL (organic polymer) – Viscosity & Fluid loss control Starch – Fluid loss control Xanthan gum – Viscosifier and LSRV (low shear rate viscosifier) Calcium Carbonate – Bridging & weighting agent Barite – Weighting agent

28. Learnt about drilling fluids

34. Azraq N-1 (Gel Mud & KCl polymer mud) - (43 days)

35. Joknyang NE-1 (KCl PHPA mud) - (28 days)

36. Given the following tasks:

37. Perform the duty of back-up mud engineer

38. Maintain and operate the solids control equipments

39. Mixed new mud & hi-vis mud

40. Assisted during cementing jobs

41. Make mud tests

42. Chemical inventory management & repacking

46. Settling rate – function of:

47. SG of particle

48. Density & viscosity of mud

51. Most important SCE

52. Mud flows - return line to shale shakers

53. Vibrating Screens remove drill cuttings

61. Helped changing torn-out/broken screens

62. Torn screens allow larger solids to pass through screen – Shale shaker not effective

63. Causes: - Usual wear and tear of screens - Improper installation of screens – premature defects - low quality screen

65. Removes silts -> hydrocyclone

66. Smaller size than desander

67. Can handle up to 75 GPM of mud flow

68. Remove particles: 15-30 microns

69. Desander

70. Removes sand –> hydrocyclone

71. Can handle up to 500 GPM of mud flow

73. Combination of desander and desilter mounted over a screening device.

75. Separate solids by increasing the centrifugal force

76. Removal up to 2-5 micron

77. Bowl rotates between 2000-4000rpm

78. Capacity 50-250gpm

79. Useful for processing weighted fluid

80. Faster rotation to remove lower SG solids (silts)

81. Slower rotation to remove higher SG solids (barite)

82. Barite recovery process:

83. 1st centrifuge = Separate barite, liquid moves to the 2nd centrifuge

85. SITE OPERATIONS Mixing new mud (in premix tank) Water (as required) Soda Ash (0.5 ppb) Caustic Soda (0.4 ppb) - pH 8.5-9.5 Potassium Chloride (KCl) (5-10 ppb) Polymers for Fluid Loss control and rheology Barite (weighting agent) for mud density requirement (as required) Premix Tank 2 Centrifuge Tank Premix Tank 1 Pill Tank Suction Tank 1 Suction Tank 2 Desilter Tank Desander Tank Sand Trap Trip Tank

89. Pumping the spacer fluid (50 bbl water) to displace mud

91. Biocide – Prevent bacterias from spoiling the polymers

92. Caustic Soda – Used to increase pH (alkalinity) after long hours of no mud circulation

94. No inhibition

95. Lower cost

96. Suitable for surface drilling

97. High carrying capacity

98. Deep hole - Hole problems

99. pH 8-9

100. KCl Polymer

101. Moderately reactive shale

102. Cation exchange of Potassium ions with clay

103. High inhibition – reduce swelling/hydration

104. Upgradable to Sodium Silicate mud

105. KCl depletes over time

106. pH 8.5-9.5

107. KCl Sodium Silicate

108. Coats the cuttings and wellbore with a thin layer of silicate

109. Suitable for reactive shale

110. KCl & Silicate deplete over time

111. Higher cost

112. Protection against stuck pipe & balling

113. Enhanced inhibition

114. Ensures mechanical stability (micro fractures & unconsolidated formation)

116. Place mud in mud cup

117. Rider – adjusted along the graduated scale with guidance of bubble vial

119. Quick guide whether mud is thickening or thinning (YP)

120. Reading is influenced by gelation and density of mud

122. For determining the values of YP & PV

123. Rotor sleeve rotates at constant velocity (speed control by the switching gears)

124. Produce torque to inner bob – displacement of bob provide the reading (lb/sq.ft)

125. 600,300,200,100,6,3 rpm speeds

126. PV = 600rpm – 300rpm

128. 10 sec  600rpm for 30secs, leave for 10 secs, read 10-sec gel at 3rpm

129. 10 min  600rpm for 30secs, leave undisturbed for 10mins, take reading at 3rpm

130. Good gel is needed to suspend cuttings

132. Procedure:

133. 100psi applied to the column of pressure cell using air compressor

134. 3 ½ inch diameter of filter paper placed in the bottom of pressure cell (build up of filter cake)

136. Sand content – Uses sand screen set kit to determine sand content in mud

138. DISCUSSION Problem and Challenges

139. DISCUSSION Lesson Learnt

140. DISCUSSION Recommendations

141. RECAP Industrial internship objectives Host company profile Drilling fluids Internship assignments, activities and site operations Lesson learned and experience gained Discussion & recommendation Conclusion

143. THANK YOU

144. Q & A