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outsourcing
   application development
   anywhere on planet earth




   by Steve Mezak


                    by Author Name
Does outsourcing your software development
make sense?
   Is it the right fit?
   If so, how should go about doing it?
   What are the first steps?


The valuable information in this new e-book from
Accelerance CEO, Steve Mezak,
puts you on the right path.
Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

Based on a work at www.accelerance.com.

Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at
http://www.accelerance.com/Fearless-Software-Outsourcing-Ebook/.


Published by Accelerance, Inc.

January 27, 2011



e-book design lianne@flydesignmedia.com
Who should read this Ebook                               1


What is Software Outsourcing                             3


Chapter 1: Why Outsource                                 9


Chapter 2: When You Should NOT Outsource                 17


Chapter 3: How to Select a Software Outsourcing Vendor   33


Chapter 4: Conclusion                                    56
Who Should read this Ebook
      So, who is this Ebook, Fearless Software Outsourcing:      So if you happen to be a CIO or Director of Application
      Application Development Anywhere on Planet Earth           Development in an IT department, you should read
      for exactly? Who can benefit the most? The answer is       this Ebook. If you are a CTO or VP of Engineering in a
      practically anyone at any company that understands         software company, there is something for you in this
      the advantages of outsourcing or is planning for an        report. No matter what your role or function within your
      outsourced software project. The reality is that very      company, if you are developing custom Software for the
                             few professionals know every-       web, mobile devices or internal use, this Ebook will be
                             thing there is to know about the    of tremendous value.
                             topic. There is always more to
                             learn and new developments in       If you happen to be a CIO or Director of
                             the offshore software outsourc-     Application Development in an IT
                             ing industry. As more and more      department, you should read this
                             developing countries embrace        Ebook.
                             technology and education, (much
                             like India and Costa Rica have in
      the past few decades), the further along we’ll be as a
      global economy in producing goods and services more
      efficiently.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
Chatper
      Who Should read this Ebook
      One of the most important trends in business today is         even Costa Rica? It’s true. And the application develop-
      the practice of outsourcing those functions or projects       ment outsourcing phenomenon continues to grow with
      that can be done more efficiently and more affordably         every passing year.
      overseas.In our truly international business environ-
      ment, we are all interdependent on each other. Having
      all your business functions performed in the country             Software development gets done in
      where your corporate headquarters is located can be              Russia, India, Ukraine, Argentina and
      very shortsighted. With outsourcing, your company can            even Costa Rica?
      significantly reduce costs and enter new foreign mar-
      kets, all at the same time. And where’s the downside
      there?

      In fact, it’s very normal to have a company from Europe
      serving clients in the U.S. and utilizing partnerships with
      manufacturers in Asia. Also very likely is a multi-national
      company in the U.S. that performs marketing, selling
      and distribution in America but outsources all the rest
      to places all over the globe. Most of us know that Nike
      manufacturers shoes in China. Some of us have heard
      that Volkswagen assembles cars in Mexico. But how
      many of us realize just how much software develop-
      ment gets done in Russia, India, Ukraine, Argentina and


Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
What is Software
                Outsourcing
       Software outsourcing is the strategic use of external
       resources to perform application development
       services that your company either doesn’t want to
       do or cannot do.
      Developed according to your exact requirements, your
      software application could be up and running in record
      time and way below what you could produce it for in
      house. Have limited or no internal development
      capabilities? Can’t handle the project in the required
      timeframe? Lack the relevant technological expertise
      required for the project? Outsourcing can address these
      issues and give you a serious competitive edge .
      Whether it’s a simple iPhone application your company
      needs, an enterprise wide IT initiative that has limited
      budget or a massive cloud-based, software-as-a-service
      product that you need to bring to market in the next 18
      months, the benefits of outsourcing overseas are signifi-
      cant. IT projects and software development outsourcing
      enables companies everywhere the opportunity to cre-
      ate highly competitive solutions in shortened time tables
      with considerable cost reduction.


Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
What is Software
                Outsourcing
      Of course, developing software requires expert knowl-      But, an established and reputable overseas, outsourced
      edge and a strong commitment to project completion         provider can reduce these risks dramatically by address-
      in order to be called “successful”. The more reliable      ing potential problem issues at an early stage. The re-
      overseas companies have teams of professionals trained     sult? Your project is completed on time and on budget.
      to work as a team on software development projects,        And you have an unprecedented opportunity to grow
      sometimes around the clock. And lets face it - develop-    sales and market share and beat your competitor at
      ing software can be well out of your company’s core        their own game. Not a bad deal.
      competence. The outsourcing process allows you to
      transfer this demanding business activity to an offshore    You’ll learn the best five situations for outsourcing, the
      provider, which helps you to remain focused on your        times when you should definitely not outsource, details
      core business. And that’s important.                       about how to select a software outsourcing vendor and
                                                                 much more. If you have ever tried to educate your self
       One third of all software development                     on the topic by doing a Google search, you would have
                                                                 discovered that it’s very hard to find good, comprehen-
       projects started are never completed
                                                                 sive, non-biased information out there. In this special,
                                                                 one of a kind Ebook, we attempted to put together the
      Research shows that one third of all software develop-     best, most accurate and timely advice on the topic and
      ment projects started are never completed, and over        to communicate it effectively so you can get through
      half of projects will exceed their budgets by over 75%.    the entire Ebook in less than an hour. I think we
      So, no project, whether performed in house or not, is      accomplished that.
      without risk.



Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
Chapter 3
                   1
When you shouldOutsource?
           Why
       not outsource
Why Outsource?
      Why should your company outsource your software                Of course, many business owners are less than enthusi-
      development? Well, we alluded to some very important           astic about outsourcing certain aspects of their IT oper-
      reasons in the introduction of this report. But, in the        ations, especially their software development function.
      pages that follow, we’ll take a deeper dive into the spe-      Nightmare stories about failed outsourcing software
      cifics so you can gain a solid understanding. Once you         development projects can be found everywhere. The
      are finished reading, you’ll be 1000% more confident as        truth is that many of those failures were caused by not
      you move forward with making a software outsourcing            appreciating the differences in time zones, work ethic,
      decision. And informed decision making is the best kind        culture, and language. If you do your due diligence and
      of decision making. Plus, when it comes to something           take these important elements into consideration, you’ll
      as important as software products and services for your        have a much different outcome. Lining up your project
                                                                     with the right combination of these attributes can make
      Why should your company out-                                   all the difference in the world.
      source your software development?
                                                                     It’s important to understand that outsourcing your soft-
                                                                     ware development to a good vendor is not only much
      company, it is absolutely critical to get it right the first   less risky but it can be quite advantageous. As a matter
      time. Anything less than that could actually cause you         of fact, there are a several scenarios where outsourcing
      to spend more time and money than if you had assem-            may be the best approach for your business.
      bled a team and developed the software in house. Not
      good!




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
Why Outsource?
                                               Limited Budget      In addition, you can control project costs. Because it’s
                              One of the most common is            agreed upon up front, it’s less likely that there will be
                              when you have a limited budget.      surprises regarding the project budget. The product
                              If you’re struggling with that is-   specifications, conditions, and deliverables will always
                              sue or if you want to save more      be specified in the project contract.
                              money, it’s worthwhile to con-
                              sider outsourcing your software
                              development. For one, you’ll be
                              converting a permanent fixed
      cost (monthly salaries) into a variable cost (project fees
      or retainer fees). Usually, the cost of outsourcing soft-
      ware development is less than the cost of maintaining
      an internal development team. Why? There’s no training
      or infrastructure for one. The outsourced partner needs
      to have the necessary hardware, software, and training
      for their team. The best outsourced software providers
      in the world have made large investments in their com-
      panies and many times, have benefitted from govern-
      ment support. You get to leverage these investments at
      zero cost.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
Why Outsource?
      Technical Skills Needed

      Another issue is one that many businesses face, espe-
      cially new or smaller firms: Your company may not have
      the technical skills. If your recruitment process is stalled
      for lack of quality candidates or, if your project requires
      specialized skills, which you don’t have in-house, then
      it’s time to seriously consider outsourcing. Keep in mind;
      however, that using an outsourced software develop-
      ment company doesn’t mean that their resources will
      automatically be better than yours would be. That’s the
      goal of course, but it takes homework to figure it out.

      Of course, you need to be diligent when it comes to
      selecting your provider. You’ll definitely want to check
      client references and analyze their previous projects to
      determine their skill and expertise level. And if you’re
      getting dedicated resources, don’t forget to ask for
      specific resumes as well as a skill’s report for each
      candidate.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
Why Outsource?
      Can’t Find Enough Good Programmers

      Other companies have another issue altogether when it
      comes to deciding to outsource software development:
      they are too busy and are already running at full-capaci-
      ty. Oftentimes, there are situations where it makes sense
      to outsource while still maintaining your own software
      development capability. If your in-house team is over-
      loaded with projects and busy with a backlog of devel-
      opment requests, you should consider outsourcing your
      less critical jobs. This will allow your internal developers
      to stay focused on the jobs at hand that will most likely
      have the biggest impact on your bottom line. You could
      have the outsourced team handle the less important,
      day to day projects and keep the high profile ones in
      house. Or vice versa, whatever works for you. An out-
      source provider can typically handle less complex proj-
      ects in a shorter timeframe as they generally will have
      more hands on deck.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
Why Outsource?
      What are Some Other Benefits of Software                    • Improve the efficiency of your in-house staff.
      Outsourcing?                                                Scheduling of your resources is more efficient since
                                                                  in-house personnel can be assigned to current, critical,
      • Access to an experienced team.                            or ongoing projects. Finding time for a new project can
      A software development company has already put              be difficult when current in-house resources are being
      together the team you need. You wont have to recruit        utilized to their maximum capabilities.
      new talent, train them and bring them up to speed on
      your project, therefore the lead-time is reduced. Plus,     • Having a team dedicated to the project eliminates the
      your ability to claim success in the project is increased   need to pull staff when more urgent or daily issues
      when you can rely on an experienced team of profes-         arise. When the project is outsourced to an experienced
      sionals who use the technology you require as part of       and professional software developer, in-house work can
      their everyday business.                                    be better managed. In addition, the completion date of
                                                                  your project will not be affected by things out of your
      • Reduce human resources costs.                             control. The other related issue is internal staff turnover.
       Hiring new staff for a short-term project can be very      An in house project that lasts a year or longer could
      expensive, particularly if it’s a one time or short-term    be jeopardized by key technical personnel leaving the
      project. When outsourcing, employee costs are limited       company, which puts the project at serious risk.
      to the project duration.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
Why Outsource?
      There are also the saved costs for training and overhead
      expense. If you do the project in house, you’ll have costs
      for software, hardware, training manuals, training staff
      and more. Plus, you’ll have efficiency losses for the time
      required for in-house staff to recruit/acquire staff, ramp
      up and prepare for the project that’s being considered.      Why should your company outsource
      These issues are all factored into the hourly rates of an    your software development?
      outsourced software development team, and may be
      well below your internal costs. It will most likely take
      less time to complete the project using an outsourced
      developer as well. As a result you will see the cost ben-
      efits of the software applications much sooner.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
Chapter 2
When You Should
       Not Outsource
WhenYou Should
WhenNot Outsource
    You Should
      WhenYou Should Not Outsource                                 ammunition. But how do you get started? What are the
                                                                   first steps? And more importantly, how do you find a
      First, lets address the obvious: there are real, potential   qualified, high quality foreign vendor when there are so
      risks in software outsourcing. This is best addressed        many choices and so many countries that are getting in
      right up front. The good news, however, is that usually      the software outsourcing industry? Never fear, we will
      it’s because of poor preparation or research into the        address all of these questions. Keep reading!
      outsourcing process. Most companies do not perform
      adequate due diligence. This Ebook, of course, cuts          Managing the outsourcing risks is fundamental to
      down the learning curve significantly.                       achieving success with your project. Whether it’s a
                                                                   short term, speedy, one time development project or
      Now that you know some of the key reasons why you            an ongoing, multi-year engagement, you need to know
      should consider software outsourcing, what are the           exactly what you’re getting into. Things aren’t the same
                                                                   outside the U.S. borders. Arming yourself with research
                                                                   and knowledge will go a long way in your outsourcing
            What should you know before
                                                                   pursuits.
            you get involved?

      inherent risks? What should you know before you get
      involved? Preparing yourself for what to expect and
      knowing the lay of the land will give you the best




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
WhenNot Outsource
    You Should
      Some of the Software development outsourcing risks          You many also run into foreign outsourcing firms that
      include:                                                    are simply unethical. Lets face it; there are bad com-
                                                                  panies everywhere you go, not just in Russia, China or
      Critical Intellectual Property Rights and/or                India. You can alleviate some of this by performing your
      Privacy Issues                                              due diligence and working with a consulting company
                                                                  that evaluates or perhaps even pre-qualifies only the
      Intellectual property is often the most valuable asset of   best foreign firms. There are several U.S. companies that
      any product-based organization. If you don’t fully un-      perform this task. The other thing, of course, is to have
      derstand IP, and the importance of IP rights, you could     a solid agreement in place and use the services of an at-
      be in trouble. After a few weeks or months, the over-       torney with international or foreign experience.
      seas outsourced firm may begin to understand your
      company’s technology as well as you do. And they may
      not feel they have loyalty to your organization, even if
      you are the ones paying them. Reduce your IP risk by
      firewalling key product or process areas, extracting and
      filing IP before outsourcing and establish jointly-devel-
      oped IP ownership and confidentiality requirements. Be
      sure your firm and your chosen software outsourcing
      company are on the same page with this.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
WhenNot Outsource
    You Should
      Technical Research & Discovery Needed

      Usually software outsourcing has a clear goal of creat-
      ing a specific software application. Software specifi-
      cations will vary in detail, but there should be a clear
      vision of the complete solution, or at least an idea of
      several milestones along the way when the software ap-
      plication will have expected value and functionality.

      But sometimes companies will have a tough technical
      challenge or critical question how, or if it is possible,
      to implement a software solution. You can attempt to
      outsource the research & discovery process to find an
      answer but open-ended problems like this can be dif-
      ficult to solve. An offshore vendor that is used to being
      handed complete specifications for a software applica-
      tion will have a tough time dealing with research and
      situations where the answer is not yet known.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
WhenNot Outsource
    You Should
      For example, an Accelerance client several years ago
      wanted a software application that could capture and
      save the contents of the screen of a call center employ-
      ee over time. They were already recording the audio and
      now they wanted to record the screens and synchronize
      them with the conversation.

      What is the best way to do that? That was the question
      they wanted answered and even gave some sugges-
      tions of technology solutions that might work. However,
      the programmers at the offshore vendor interpreted
      the assignment as a directive to implement the screen
      capture with the suggested technology, not as research
      to discover the best solution.

      Don’t try to use an outsourcing vendor for research
      when they are used to be told what to do. If you need to
      outsource research then make sure your vendor has the
      senior level people prepared to solve challenging prob-
      lems and apply critical thinking. Some will jump at the
      chance!



Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
WhenNot Outsource
    You Should
      You Have Only an Idea and a Small Budget

      If this scenario sounds like your situation, you probably
      should not try to hire an outsourced software develop-
      ment team. After all, you can find great individual pro-
      grammers and software developers on sites like Elance,
      oDesk or Rent a Coder. Providers on these sites special-
      ize in helping small or brand new companies who sim-
      ply have an idea and very little cash. Sometimes, you
      can even barter your services with someone like this.
      Simply having a great idea is not enough to consider
      software outsourcing. And regarding the money part:         The typical budget for software outsourcing with a
      you can’t expect something for nothing. You definitely      team of qualified programmers at an excellent vendor
      get what you pay for if you are paying pennies for the      should be a minimum of about $25,000 for a pilot proj-
      time of a software developer.                               ect and is often several hundred thousand, and even
                                                                  over one million dollars per year for larger dedicated
                                                                  teams.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
WhenNot Outsource
    You Should
      Five Situations for Outsourcing

      1. Creating Your First Software Product

      If you are starting a software company and have a great                                    And a technical entrepreneur creating a new online
      idea that could add value to the market or even revolu-                                    game or app for the iPhone, for example, will be prone
      tionize your industry, looking overseas for your applica-                                  to experimenting and testing out different ideas. If this
      tion development may be the best thing you ever do.                                        sounds like you, wait until you are finished inventing
      Outsourcing your version 1.0 will provide you with an                                      and innovating in source code, before you step into
      instant development team and accelerate your time to                                       the outsourcing arena. Outsourcing your version 1.0
      market, or to the users of an internal application at your                                 will require some amount of specification . But if you
      company. And it will reduce your costs.                                                    haven’t finished innovating how and what the product
                                                                                                 will do, you won’t be ready. Of course, outsourcing also
      One note of caution: If you’re a startup and plan on                                       depends on the nature of your innovation.
      outsourcing the creation of your first software product,
      venture capitalists and angel investors may be skeptical.                                  A more mainstream enterprise software application
      Outsourcing is not a viable strategy for every startup.                                    that uses standard software technology and delivers a
      But you may be bootstrapping the operation anyway.                                         business innovation in the way that the software is used
      All the more reason to outsource the software develop-                                     would be an ideal candidate for outsourcing develop-
      ment to a lower cost overseas firm.                                                        ment. Why? It’s much easier to create a specification to
                                                                                                 get started.

  See the Accelerance webinar An Accidental Programmer’s Journey to Offshore Development about
  specification techniques that are proven to work when outsourcing.


Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
WhenNot Outsource
    You Should
      2. Creating a New or an Additional
         Software Application

      One thing you can say about IT development teams:         It is usually easy to specify an add-on product by mak-
      give them the space and resources to focus and do         ing use of existing product documentation and other
      good work and truly great things can happen. Well         “artifacts” from the development process of your main
      known as an independent culture within the corporate      product.
      environment, there are certain things every Dev team
      needs to be successful. They also may be entirely too     For example, you might use outsourcing to create a ver-
      busy to do all the work that needs to be completed.       sion of your software product to address a new market
      In fact, that’s almost always the case, especially with   at a low cost. The starting point can be the source code
      a growing company with a hot product that’s on the        of your main product. Your existing product is then
      move.                                                     a major component of the “specification” for the new
                                                                product. The only thing you need to do is add a short
      So, you can use outsourcing to avoid distracting your     description of the changes required in the new user
      existing development team from other important work.      interface.
      Perhaps your new product is an add-on or extension to
      your main product. You can keep your internal develop-
      ers working on your main product while the outsourced
      team completes the add-on.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
WhenNot Outsource
    You Should
      3. Augmenting Your Existing Software
         Development Team

      Isn’t it true that in the business world, we never have    In addition, you can get round-the-clock development
      enough people to get the assigned work completed?          when the outsourced team is offshore and multiple
      In practically every organization, especially smaller      time zones ahead, which will help you get your software
      software companies and companies in emerging tech-         developed quickly.
      nology industries, the laundry list of tasks and planned
      projects can seem overwhelming. And then there is the      In the past it was common to outsource to a U.S.-based
      issue of prioritization. What’s most important? How do     company to acquire special technical expertise, and this
      you rate project A from project B, both of which need to   is still true today. Face-to-face communication with such
      happen in order to get the product to market?              a team is very valuable in the early product definition
                                                                 phase. You then have the choice of using your internal
      The answer to some of these issues is intelligent soft-    team or the outsourced team to do the coding.
      ware outsourcing of course, you can use an outsourced
      team to augment the work of your existing develop-         Testing and quality assurance (QA) of your software is
      ment team. This approach gives you the raw manpower        a terrific way to get started with outsourcing and can
      required to develop your software, as well as needed       provide a critical function that is often understaffed in
      technical expertise your internal team may not possess.    many software development organizations. Final inte-
                                                                 gration testing that is manually intensive is a good fit for
                                                                 outsourcing.



Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
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    You Should

      4. Maintaining an Existing Software Application
        or Product

      Wouldn’t you agree that maintaining and/or support-           At one of my software companies, we used an Indian
      ing software is a much easier task than product plan-         operation to support version 1.0 after a new version 2.0
      ning and development? It’s absolutely true. And a lot         had been developed and had become the main prod-
      less costly as well. Of course, getting to the place in the   uct. We still had a few customers who did not want to
      product development cycle is easier said than done, but       pay to upgrade, and we were contractually committed
      once you have the product in the marketplace, have            to support them with version 1.0. Outsourcing of this
      had some sales success and are in maintenance mode            non-strategic activity made a lot of sense.
      (or even in a version 2 spec phase), you will be in a good
      place for bringing in outsiders.                              Some people believe that maintenance programming is
                                                                    the only “safe” use of outsourcing. This is not true. There
      Hence, maintenance programming for supporting an              are outsourcing companies that will never aspire to do
      existing software application or product is a very popu-      more than this type of programming. But there are also
      lar use of outsourcing. Some outsourcing teams even           many outsourced teams of professional programmers
      specialize in this kind of programming. After an initial      that are experts at creating brand new software applica-
      ramp-up period, it is easy for them to make incremental       tions and products.
      changes to your existing code.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
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    You Should
      5. Cutting the Burn Rate to Enable Your Company to
      Survive

      Here’s the situation: you have a “game changing” soft-      You need to outsource the project overseas, because
      ware idea that you think is a total win and so you decide   otherwise, you’ll be out of business. Not good!
      to start a new company. You begin by putting together
      a great business plan and bringing in some investors.       But using overseas outsourcing to replace employees
      You start hiring a full engineering team to create the      can be challenging. You need to keep key employees
      software application. Everything looks great, things are    as a core technical team capable of managing the new
      on track and plans are coming together. Your software       outsourced programming team, and to do product
      project is moving along well and in your head, you can      management if you are a software product company.
      start to see the customers lining up to buy it.
                                                                  Of course, a better approach is to use outsourcing to
      Not so fast. Days turn into weeks, which turn into          minimize costs right from the start.
      months. The software development takes longer than
      expected. Cost overruns are happening. You had to           Outsourcing has definitely matured beyond the early
      show a couple “bad apples” to the door. Or perhaps          adopters and is now being embraced by the early ma-
      the target market was misjudged and it takes longer to      jority of software companies. It has become an integral
      close business. Whatever happens, the use of outsourc-      part of the product development process at American
      ing in this case can mean the difference between corpo-     software companies.
      rate life and death.



Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
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    You Should
      Using outsourcing is like a marriage. It takes commit-
      ment from both sides to make the relationship work.
      Good communication is required. Success factors like
      these are the lifeblood of thriving companies making
      effective use of outsourcing.

      The bottom line? The need to cut the rate at which
      you’re burning through capital can lead to difficult
      choices. Whether you have highly paid programmers
      that need to be let go or simply have way too many
      unexpected and unforeseen costs that have come up,
      outsourcing may save the day – and your company.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
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    You Should
      AVendor Selection Nightmare

      The business community is littered with stories about         Good luck with that one.
      software outsourcing gone wrong. The reason, unfor-
      tunately, is usually because the company takes it upon        Think about it: You wouldn’t hire a new employee
      themselves to handle the project – from start to finish.      without a robust background check would you? You
      And though some companies do their research, work             wouldn’t bring on a new Executive without looking at
      hard and end up finding a great partner to work with,         a couple hundred resumes and holding multiple inter-
      it’s a typically a rare event. It’s almost always a better    views, right? So, why do companies make a decision
      idea to work with an overseas software development            and sign an agreement with a foreign software develop-
      consulting firm here in the U.S. There is simply too much     ment firm after they’ve only looked at a dozen or so and
      to know and too much unpredictability. After all, you         barely checked references? Good question. It happens
      are dealing with foreigners from another country. Dif-        quite a bit.
      ferent laws, different rules, different cultures. Unfortu-
      nately, it’s sometimes the American superiority complex       And ask yourself this: Why would you ever bring on
      that can get in the way. You think, “I can figure this out”   an overseas software development firm just because
      or “how hard can it be?” Others might say to themselves,      they had a great looking website, were ranked high in
      “If anything goes wrong, I’ll take control and tell them      Google for “Chinese software outsourcing” and the sales
      what needs to happen.”                                        contact spoke good English?




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
WhenNot Outsource
    You Should
      So, I’ll share with you a quick story of one software       On his own, this VP carried out a careful search for an
      company that, unfortunately, had a “nightmare” of an        outsourcing vendor in three places: India, China, and
      experience. It wasn’t pretty, but hopefully, it will make   South America. His goal? A low price point to give him a
      you more aware of the potential issues in the outsourc-     specific cost savings over hiring engineers in the U.S.
      ing market. The moral of the story? Even when you think
      you’re doing everything right, things can still go very     He evaluated 22 vendors in these three countries. Then
      wrong.                                                      he made nine site visits. Site visits are not always neces-
                                                                  sary, but in his case the company was interested in a
      First, you need to know that this company tried to do it    build, operate, and transfer (BOT) arrangement giving it
      all on their own. Call it their independent nature, their   the option of transferring the team to its own
      desire to save more money or their lack of knowledge.       subsidiary .
      However you see it, it was clearly a mistake, and prob-
      ably a combination of all three. Second, it took them       So if I hadn’t set up the story as a cautionary tale, you’d
      five months to make the selection. So, they didn’t make     probably think that so far, he was doing everything
      the decision in haste. They truly thought that they were    right…right?
      rightfully performing their due diligence.
                                                                  Wrong.
      I found out about the happening from their VP of engi-
      neering, who was the lead on the project. And I’m glad      Because guess what happened?
      he told me, most companies that experience what they
      did never tell a soul.



Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
WhenNot Outsource
    You Should
      After all this work, time, and money, he still got less than     The nightmare then began. The English skills of the ju-
      satisfactory results.                                            nior programmers were limited, making communication
                                                                       very difficult and inefficient. And their programming
      What happened? So, he selected a U.S.-owned out-                 skills seemed even worse. Their day-to-day activities
      sourcing vendor with an operation in China. The vendor           had to be closely directed by the U.S.-based VP and his
      was in the process of acquiring a second team of pro-            staff. The source code developed in China was reviewed
      grammers in China. The VP found this second Chinese              every single day (actually, every night).
      team to be excellent, and they quickly sketched out an
      architecture and design for the software that was need-          Because of the 16-hour time difference with China,
      ed. He then worked out the financial terms with the              managers in the U.S. spent many late nights emailing
      U.S.-based vendor and signed the agreement.                      detailed instructions (even pseudocode) and answer-
                                                                       ing questions by phone when it was daytime in China.
      But the acquisition of the second Chinese team by the            This led to severe morale problems within the U.S. staff,
      U.S. outsourcing vendor fell through. A junior team from         made worse by the fact that the U.S. staff never thought
      the existing operation in China was assigned to the VP’s         outsourcing was a good idea to begin with. Missed
      project instead. And that’s when all hell broke lose. Do         deadlines and vociferous employee frustration eventu-
      you think he had any control over this development?              ally elevated the issue to the board level.
      Absolutely not.




      See Chapter 4 of Software without Borders for more information
      on the pros and cons of BOT



Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
WhenNot Outsource
    You Should
      But the damage was done. Within two months, the VP             Will this outsourcing story be your story? Not necessar-
      was gone. The outsourcing engagement he so carefully           ily. You certainly could spend five months of your own
      arranged went bad and caused such an awful ruckus              time and come up with a good vendor. But if your soft-
      that he was forced to leave the company. Unbelievable          ware development project is small or your time line is
      right? In the software outsourcing industry it unfor-          short, it is hard to justify expending this kind of effort,
      tunately happens more than it should. And rightfully           even if you end up finding the perfect team.
      because of the issues I pointed out earlier…
                                                                     Or you might get a lucky referral from a friend to a good
          • The right preparation and research doesn’t               vendor and start outsourcing more quickly. But will it be
            guarantee anything                                       the best vendor? Is there a better vendor out there that
          • Unexpected things can and will come up, you              is more experienced, works faster, and costs less? You’ll
            just need to be ready for them                           probably never know.
          • It is a really good idea to get expert software
            outsourcing advice…it’s always worth the extra           Is there a way to find a team quickly that will also give
            investment                                               you reliable results? Yes, there is. But it is not a simple
                                                                     purchasing process.
      And of course, the last thing I want to do is scare you
      away from the idea of outsourcing. In many hundreds
      of cases, every year, it is quite simply the best thing that
      ever happened to a company.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
Chapter 3
How to Select a Software
Outsourcing Vendor
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      TheThree-Step Process                                     One Accelerance client put it this way: “It’s like we are
      If you’ve ever looked online for software outsourcing     walking down the shampoo aisle at Wal-Mart and we
      vendors, it’s pretty amazing what you find. There are     don’t know what to buy. There are just too many
      hundreds, possibly thousands of companies all over the    choices!”
      globe just waiting to work with you. Simply Googling
      the phrase gets you 4.6 million results…wow. Five years
      ago, it probably would have been less than a million.
      There has been, without a doubt, an explosion in over-
      seas software development.

                                   If you are overwhelmed
                                   with the sheer number
                                   of software outsourc-
                                   ing vendors, you are not
                                   alone. We all are, even
                                   those of us in the indus-
                                   try. It is stunning to see
                                   how many there are—
                                   and they all seem to have
      come out of the woodwork in just the last few years.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      So, what’s driving this trend? First: The focus on educa-    Of course, you want to take advantage of the real and
      tion in many foreign countries over the past 30 years,       substantial savings of global software development,
      take India and Costa Rica for example. Their govern-
      ments put millions into higher education and the results     but you don’t want to waste time and money learning
      have been spectacular. The next reason is the simple         how to do it. This is really the crux of the issue and a big
      need for it. With the rise of the internet, software as a    part of what this special report is all about. The bottom
      service, social media and all the rest, app development      line is that there are far too many companies out there
      and software development and hardware development            making this mistake. It’s my goal to change this.
      and everything tied to it is needed like never before.
      We gotta have it. And American software developers
      can’t keep up. But here’s the other thing: they also want
      too much money. I mean some companies spend three
      times the amount when they use an internal IT devel-
      opme nt team instead of outsourcing. If your project
      costs $3 million to do here and less than $1 million off-
      shore, (for the same quality work), it’s an easy decision,
      right?




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
      WhenYou Should
      OutsourcingVendor
            In today’s fast-paced and cost-constrained world of                                                                  But how do you do it? There are so many vendors just
            software development, no one can afford a long learn-                                                                begging to develop your software. You could hire an
            ing curve and the expense, in both time and money, of                                                                outsourcing advisor to help you with the process, but
            making a mistake. After all, if you make the wrong deci-                                                             they charge a high hourly rate and are therefore moti-
            sion, you could lose a lot. Some, like in the story I told                                                           vated to take as long as possible using a “complete and
            earlier…have even lost their job. That’s a tough price to                                                            thorough” (and that means expensive!) process to evalu-
            pay.                                                                                                                 ate your outsourcing choices.

            Your goal: outsourced engineers who work together as                                                                 Most of us cannot afford that luxury, and so you prob-
            a cohesive, professional software development team,                                                                  ably feel left on your own to sort through your choices.
            following a well-defined software development pro-                                                                   Well, the reality is that you are not on your own, not at
            cess. Not a bunch of programmers thrown together in                                                                  all. Hundreds of companies find themselves in this spot
            a room, working on the cheap in some exotic foreign                                                                  every year. The difference between those that claim suc-
            country. Your team needs to be expert in the technol-                                                                cess in the outsourcing game and those that don’t can
            ogy you need. You want to find a team that can quickly                                                               be summed up in three words: follow a process.
            execute your software development projects, not one
            that will be learning on the job and on your nickel.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
       Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      Well, lucky for you, that’s exactly what I have for you. A        Probably the biggest obstacle to selecting a vendor
      stripped down, no fluff, all substance methodology for            is a lack of clarity about what the process should be.
      getting the software outsourcing thing down. Here is              People often combine these three steps, and so they are
      a straightforward three-step process you can follow to            unconsciously sourcing, screening, and selecting all at
      select the best outsourcing vendor for your software              once. Let’s look at each step in more detail to see how
      development. The three basic steps you should follow              you can choose your outsourcing vendor quickly and
      are:                                                              safely.

          1. Source: Find vendors you want to consider.


          2. Screen: Apply an objective set of criteria to narrow
                down your choices.

          3. Select: Look in more detail at your finalists and select
                the best one.

      Pretty straightforward, right? So why don’t others just
      follow these simple steps and achieve success with
      outsourcing? Some do. But most get distracted by the
      details, especially if they are already running a company
      or software development organization.



Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      Step 1: Source —
      CreateYour List of OutsourcingVendors                       What’s the most common way for out-
                                                                  sourcing vendors to find new business?
      Sounds easy, right? You do some Internet research, talk
      to your business friends, maybe go through some of          that having a relationship with you can increase their
      your industry associations, and jot down the names of       chances and perhaps give you the confidence to pro-
      some firms. You next put together a long list of possible   ceed. You may even overlook some of their deficiencies
      choices and then narrow it down to a short list. While it   if you really hit it off. And how many times in business
      may sound easy, it never is. But you can make is easier     has this story been told? You were great friends, but
      on yourself, that’s for sure.                               terrible business partners. It happens every day. The
                                                                  bottom line is you can’t let personal feelings cloud your
      It’s true, most people find their outsourcing vendor        judgment. And definitely don’t get sold by a master
      in one of three ways—by personal reference, Internet        salesman.
      search, or solicitation by the vendor. In fact, you may
      already have several vendors on your list but would like
      a few more choices.

      What’s the most common way for outsourcing vendors
      to find new business? Personal references. Selecting a
      vendor is an important decision. Smart vendors know




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      You have to make sure they have a quality team in              system, a physical location move, or a software devel-
      place, that they have “the chops”. That they can do the        opment team, you should never make a major decision
      job. Talk to some of their clients. Visit their facility. Do   about outsourcing with a choice of only one vendor.
      whatever it takes when you are sourcing your talent.           Never, ever, ever.
      Because it really is What You Know AND Who You Know
      in the game of software outsourcing.                           Let’s face it: relationships play a big role in hiring deci-
                                                                     sions. And though relationships are important, you can-
      And of course, without established relationships, it can       not rely on them alone. When hiring both employees
      take months to find, evaluate, and select the best out-        and your outsourcing team, you need to use a combi-
      sourced software team to meet your needs.                      nation of both what and who you know to make good
                                                                     decisions about who to hire to develop your software.
      How do you objectively select the best outsourcing
      team for you? How can you get beyond the strong influ-         Its really is What You Know AND Who You
      ence of relationships, or lack thereof, to select the team     Know in the game of software outsourcing.
      that will guide and travel with you on the road to suc-
      cess?

      You certainly don’t want to use a Russian outsourc-
      ing company simply because one of your angel inves-
      tors knows the firm and wants to conserve cash as you
      develop your product. Whether it’s a new accounting



Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      Googling for GlobalVendors

      Most of your potential vendors will likely come from a       reputable companies make up those coveted page 1
      Google search.                                               and page 2 spots of Google. But guess what? It’s hardly
                                                                   ever true.
      We’ll start this topic by bringing up something that
      some of you may have never heard of. It’s called SEO.        The reason why some of these outsourcing vendors
      Or “Search Engine Optimization”. It is the process of        are at the top of the list is very likely because they have
      improving the visibility of a website or a web page in       paid thousands of dollars to search-engine optimization
      search engines via the “natural” or un-paid search re-       experts to use whatever tricks are required to improve
      sults. In general, the more frequently a site appears in     their ranking on the popular search engines. And many
      the search results list, the more visitors it will receive   vendors spend thousands more on search-engine ads
      from the search engine.                                      to lead you to their web sites.

      Ask yourself this: do you have the perception that the       And meanwhile, the best vendor happens to be on
      top companies in any field are usually at the top of the     page 6, but you didn’t go that far because only 10% of
      search engines when you search for something? (like          us ever go past page 3 in a search and no good com-
      maybe “software outsourcing companies”) If you do,           pany would ever be that far down would they? Oh, yes
      you are definitely in the majority. Most people DO be-       they can. Especially if it’s a foreign company.
      lieve that the best and most respected and most




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      And then once you get to the site it is hard to judge
      objectively whether they are the right vendor for you.
      Here’s how a typical online vendor search goes:

            1. You do a search using technical keywords like “.NET”
                 and “outsourcing” and you get back a list of a few
                 vendors.

            2. Are they good at .NET or just at the search engine opti-
                 mization that puts their URL high in the results?

            3. It’s hard to tell, so you just add them to the list.


            4. You could have just put a bad company on your short
                 list..ugh!

      In summary, it is actually pretty easy to come up with
      a long list of outsourcing vendors. The trick is to use an
      objective process to quickly shorten the list, so that it
      contains only the candidates you should seriously con-
      sider. We cover that next in step 2.



Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      Step 2: Screen—                                             So, in total, there are more than 12 criteria I recommend
      Use Key Criteria to ShortenYour List                        for screening your outsourcing vendors, and they are
                                                                  divided into two categories: technical and business.
      There is probably nothing more important in the pro-
      cess than screening. This is the step that will separate    Technical criteria include expertise with the specific
      the good firms from the great ones, the bad from the        technology “stack” you need for your product. Examples
      really bad. Your first pass at it should go quickly. Two    are Java, Microsoft .NET, and PHP. Can the team adapt to
      stacks – good firms and bad firms. But then it comes        your software development methodology, such as RUP,
      down to all the important attributes you need in an         agile, and test-driven development?
      outsourcing partner.

      So, what are the important characteristics you want to
      look for in your outsourcing vendor? What’s worked for
      companies in the past? From my experience and ex-
      haustive research, here are the top three criteria I rec-
      ommend that you use to select your outsourced team:

         • Technical competence
         • Experience working on your size project
         • Overlap with your workday




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      Business criteria include cost, of course, but also the    And of course, there is something critically important
      number and size of projects performed for other clients.   that if not totally appreciated and understood could
      Is this firm big enough (or small enough) to handle your   have disastrous effects: The outsourced team must
      projects with the importance they deserve? To you, a       show respect for your intellectual property by using
      project needing a team of 10 engineers may not be          appropriate technical, legal, and personnel procedures.
      small, but try getting even the time of day from a large   Ask if they have had situations in which a client’s intel-
      outsourcing company that has taken on your project         lectual property was at risk, what actions they took, and
      but usually bags projects needing a hundred engineers      what the final results were. This one may be difficult for
      or more.                                                   a vendor to come up with. And some may be offended.
                                                                 But that might be a red flag. It all comes down to re-
                                                                 spect. And the law. But remember, when you are work-
                                                                 ing with an overseas company in a foreign land, there
                                                                 are different rules, different laws and, of course, a differ-
                                                                 ent culture you are dealing with.

                                                                 You’ll also want to consider the time difference. This is
                                                                 one factor that many companies totally forget about.
                                                                 But it’s really important. After all, how are you going
                                                                 to work on a project together if the times when you’re
      From Software without Borders book:                        awake, they are sleeping?




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
                                       From the West Coast of
                                       the U.S. to India it’s 13.5
                                       hours. It is a little better
                                       for the East Coast, en-
                                       abling overlap between
                                       the East Coast morning
                                       and late afternoon in
      India (8 a.m. EDT is 5:30 p.m. in India). However, if you
      prefer an overlap with conventional workday hours, you
      may want to consider Central and South America. Coun-
      tries in Eastern Europe can have some overlap with the
      U.S. morning and significant overlap with the Western
      Europe workday. Definitely something to consider.

      Now back to the top three criteria…

      Let’s look at these vendor selection criteria in more
      detail. As you might expect, the highest priority is the
      technical ability of the outsourcing vendor.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      Checking forTechnical Competence

      You need to go deep into particular details to confirm      Generally, the use of .NET and Java requires a more so-
      that the outsourcing vendor has the experience you          phisticated engineering team. C# and Java can support
      need. Make sure they have successfully completed proj-      the creation of complex programs developed by a team
      ects for other clients using your target technology.
                                                                  of engineers. The scripting languages used in the LAMP
      It is pretty easy to find outsourcing vendors that spe-     stack can be used to create sophisticated programs too.
      cialize in one or more of the five common technology        However, many projects using scripts written in PHP (or
      stacks—Microsoft .NET, Java, PHP, C/C++, and COBOL.         Perl or Python) are relatively small and developed by
                                                                  individual engineers and freelancers.

                                                                  Programming in C and C++ is a relatively specialized
                                                                  skill reserved for device drivers and programs that run
                                                                  on specialized hardware. Software that supports mil-
      Some will specialize in just one of these, but it is also   lions of users on a web site like Google or Yahoo is often
      common for vendors to have a track record with two or       written in C++. This is a different environment than the
      three.                                                      older Microsoft Visual C++. Visual C++ was used to cre-
                                                                  ate smaller programs for use on individual PCs running
                                                                  Windows.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      Pattern Recognition                                          With more than 25 engineers, the management and
                                                                   communication structure of the group becomes the
      Another useful technical ability is the use of design pat-   dominant success factor. If you need only one or two
      terns to reduce programming time. Most professional          engineers, consider using individual freelance program-
      software development teams now regularly take advan-         mers, found on web sites like Elance, oDesk or RentA-
      tage of their experience with design patterns as they        Coder.
      begin new projects. Following well-known patterns
      enables programmers to write code more quickly, while
      reducing the chance of errors when compared with cre-
      ating software completely from scratch. You will want
      your offshore vendor to be familiar with design patterns
      if you rely on them to make professional technical deci-
      sions about your software architecture.

      Keep in mind: Most software is developed by small,
      agile teams of between 5 and 25 engineers. Fewer than
      5 and your success will depend heavily on the qualifica-
      tions, skill, and experience of the individual engineers.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      Remember, at the end of the day, you are really hiring        Selecting an offshore software development vendor is
      employees here. Any company, especially in today’s            not a simple purchasing exercise. It is an investment in
      business environment looks at over 500 resumes be-            the future of your company.
      fore they even come up with a short list for filling a new
      position. They then select 20-30 candidates, do phone
      interviews with 15 of them and then bring 10 of them
      in for a series of personal interviews. And that’s just the
      first phase of the whole thing!

                   Most software is developed
                   by small, agile teams of
                   between 5 and 25 engineers.


      The process of selecting an outsourcing vendor should
      be no different. Vigorous, comprehensive, and totally
      methodical. No stone left unturned. A year long process
      for many. And a very tiring one at that. But if you save
      $1-2 million dollars and ensure the long term viability
      and success of your suite of products and your compa-
      ny, it will all be well worth it. Very well worth it.



Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      Step 3: Select theVendor

      Selecting the vendor is the toughest part of the whole     Vendors on the list should be able to satisfy your most
      process. You’ve done your research and have a great list   important criteria for technical skill, team size, and abil-
      of companies staring you in the face. But how do you       ity to work
      pull the trigger? How can you hedge your bets to insure    and collaborate with you during acceptable hours in
      that the vendor you choose is the absolute best vendor     your day.
      for your software project? Well, at the end of the day,
      there is always a risk, but because of everything you’ve   This third step is making your final decision. It involves
      done up to this point, it will be a calculated one. And    looking in detail at each vendor to discover which is the
      remember, what will ultimately determine success is        right one for you. Each one will have their plusses and
      whether or not you build rapport with your outsourced      minuses. One that has a phenomenal team in place may
      team and build a solid relationship based on trust, un-    not be lined up with your working schedule. Another
      derstanding and mutual respect. That can really carry      that has good, but not industry leading skills may be
      the day – in any business relationship.                    located in your same time zone. You have to weigh it all
                                                                 and ultimately, figure out what the “deal breaker” would
      By now, you have gotten down to a short list of vendors    be. The key is to look at the three R’s of references,
      to consider further.                                       resumés, and rates.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      Here are all the tasks, including two optional things you   The questions you ask should confirm technical abil-
      can do to investigate further:                              ity. What creativity do they exhibit in finding solutions
                                                                  to problems? What is their ability to collaborate? What
          • Check references                                      kind of specification and ongoing direction is needed?
          • Examine resumés                                       Were there any problems or issues? Listen carefully to
          • Negotiate rates and terms                             their answers. Analyze what they are saying as much as
          • Visit them (optional)                                 what they aren’t saying. That’s important.
          • Do a pilot project (optional)
                                                                  Want to find out how their English is? Schedule a phone
       What others say about your potential vendor speaks         interview of the engineers that will be assigned to your
      volumes, literally. A vendor that has 30-40 clients out     project. I have carried out “interviews” by instant mes-
      there that are raving about them says a lot. And be         senger if the engineer does not speak fluent English but
      aware that you should select only an outsourcing ven-       can read and write it. The purpose of the interview is
      dor that has positive references. The best references are   to confirm the engineer’s technical skills and ability to
      with clients in your own country. But some outsourcing      communicate, which clearly are important attributes in
      teams have done great work and have references only         a potential vendor.
      in other parts of the world. They could still be a good
      choice.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      Time for Negotiation!

      Ah, the money. (and the terms) This is the time that can      After all, this could be the start of a long and fruitful
      make or break a potential project. Of course, the whole       relationship, one that pockets you millions of dollars for
      thing will be a bit easier than some of the negotiations      many years.
      you’ve had with U.S. companies because the costs will
      be much lower. And that’s a big part of the contract. But,    And of course, everyone wants a good deal, and many
      there’s so much more to negotiating than simply the           outsourcing vendors will do their best to negotiate
      dollars you are paying. There’s the project length, who       with you to win your business. However, there is a limit
      will be working on the project, intellectual property,        to how deeply the good vendors will discount. After
      and much more. Note: Your goal is not to come out the         all, they are in business to make a profit, and they have
      victor, but to have a fair, win-win negotiation. One that     overhead of offices, salaries, and equipment to pay for.
      both parties are happy with and can move forward with         These costs are much lower than what you would pay in
      confidently. So, don’t go into this phase with a “winner      the U.S., and that is why offshore outsourcing rates are
      takes all” mentality. That will most certainly turn off the   lower to begin with.
      vendor. Remember, you’ll be at your best in their eyes if
      you try to see things from their perspective too. I know,
      I know, it’s hard for Americans to do, but you must try. It
      will pay off big time.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      And how about retaining ownership of all the source            And remember, to employ the equivalent team in the
      code and intellectual property? Important: NEVER EVER          U.S. will easily cost you $50 to $60 an hour or more per
      negotiate these items. They are yours, all yours. The          engineer employee and much more for contractors.
      copyrights for the source should all be assigned to you        Offshore outsourcing gives you significant savings even
      or your company. And the programming work should               without negotiating.
      be completed under a nondisclosure agreement to
      protect your trade secrets. The significance of this point
      cannot be overstated. If you don’t cover your bases with
      this one, it could lead to a huge problem, one that could
      take years to resolve, if ever. Many cultures have a differ-
      ent opinion about these types of issues, it’s important             The copyrights for the
      that you make it clear that these items are off the table.          source code should all be
                                                                          assigned to your company.
      Also, don’t bring up the fact that you can get a program-
      mer in the Ukraine or China or any other place for $8 an
      hour. This is probably true and is absolutely fine if you
      just need one programmer for a non-critical project.
      But, it’s not a fair comparison. If you need an outsourced
      team, you will also need to pay for the infrastructure
      and management necessary to support them.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      Contract Elements

      This last important step is sometimes a slam dunk, but      If they have legal counsel, make no mistake about it,
      not always. It is the time when any “slight of hand” or     their attorneys are writing lopsided agreements, con-
      discrepancies can come to light. Because even if you        tracts that favor them. And they will sometimes do it in
      have agreed to everything over the phone and have a         a very sly way. Of course you say, “they are attorneys!”
      mutual understanding on every important point, what         Bingo. You can never be too cautious. And again, this
      comes back in writing – and hard to decipher “legalese”     is not mentioned to scare you away from overseas out-
      – can be very different. It happens more frequently than    sourcing. It’s really good advice for any agreement, with
      you might think. And of course, many of us sign con-        any company, whether they are located half way around
      tracts without really even looking at them. Glancing over   the world or down the street from you.
      an agreement doesn’t count. You need to read every
      word, every section and most importantly, understand it.    And some agreements that
                                                                  you see will be shockingly
      With every section of the agreement, you need to ask        one blatant. The worst ones
      yourself: “does this favor them or us?” Then go the next    have so many one-sided
      section, “does this favor them or us?” Get the point?       terms and conditions that
                                                                  any smart company would
                                                                  refuse to do business with a
                                                                  vendor like this immediately. Their so called “standard”
                                                                  agreement may be very “unstandard” indeed!



Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      The Important Elements                                     • Assignment of copyright.
                                                                 This is usually a separate part of the agreement that
      Your main or master services agreement or MSA should       specifically assigns the copyrights of the software
      include these elements:                                    source code to your company.

      • Independent contractor relationship.                     • Nondisclosure obligations.
      The outsourcing company is an independent contrac-         These contain the definition of your proprietary and
      tor, and its engineers are not your employees. This dis-   confidential information and an agreement not to
      tinction has important tax consequences in the U.S.,       disclose it. State the length of the agreement and the
      especially when you are hiring individual contractors.     rights of each side to end it. Terms of one or two years
      Regarding intellectual property rights, you own all that   with the ability for either side to terminate with 30 days’
      is produced, including source code, inventions, etc.       notice are common. And both sides agree not to enter
                                                                 into other agreements that conflict with this one.

      • Intellectual property rights.                            • Noninterference with business.
      You own all intellectual property that is produced, in-    This clause specifies that neither party will interfere with
      cluding source code, inventions, etc.                      the sales and other business activities of the other’s
                                                                 company or hire away employees of the other for some
                                                                 period of time.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      • Force majeure.
       This limits the liability of both parties if work is inter-
      rupted by major natural disasters, like fire, flood, and
      hurricane, or by man-made causes such as war, terror-
      ism, and government regulation or restriction.

      • Assignment.
      The outsourcing vendor should be restricted from
      contracting out (or outsourcing your work) to another
      vendor without your written permission.

      • Governing law, jurisdiction, and venue.
      You want to make sure that if there is an issue that the
      laws of your own state and country will apply.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
How to Select a Software
WhenYou Should
OutsourcingVendor
      An Exhibit withWork Details
      You will usually add at least one exhibit to your master
      services agreement to cover the details of your out-
      sourcing engagement. Additional exhibits are used for
      each separate project you outsource with the vendor.
      The exhibit will include as much detail as you need to
      describe the engagement or project. A statement of
      work, usually copied from the proposal, is included. If a
      specification or statement of requirements is available,
      it will also be included.

      The pricing and payment terms are also included in the
      exhibit, as is provision for expenses such as travel. In
      engagements where you have a dedicated team of pro-
      grammers, there can be a rate schedule for the kinds of
      engineers that will be assigned to your team. For exam-
      ple, there can be different rates for technical architects,
      project managers, junior and senior software develop-
      ers, test engineers, and so on.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
Chapter 4
  Conclusion
WhenYou Should
Conclusion
      So, what do you think about software outsourcing             If you approach your outsourcing project with confi-
      now? A bit more knowledgeable? Maybe a little more           dence and a comprehensive plan, that will make all the
      confident? I hope that’s the case. It’s my sincere goal to   difference in the world.
      communicate everything there is to know about this
      complex topic and distill it down to the most impor-         But I know your time is limited. You have lots of impor-
      tant elements. From initially making the decision to         tant things to handle in your business. We all do.
      outsource, to understanding the situations when you
      should consider it to ultimately selecting a software        So, let us help.
      vendor, hopefully I have provided you with the details
      you need so you are prepared to go to the next step.         As CEO of Accelerance, I have made it my life’s work to
      You have mastered “Fearless Software Outsourcing” and        help companies just like yours navigate the software
      now know how to partner for application development          overseas vendor terrain and “cross the chasm” to out-
      “Anywhere on Planet Earth”.                                  sourcing success.

      Software outsourcing should be simple. But, the reality      Our company does one thing and one thing only: We
      is that it is not. There is lots to know and many vendors    help U.S. companies locate the right offshore IT
      out there just waiting for your inquiry. The thing to        development resources.
      know is that preparation and process will carry you far.




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
Conclusion
      With our network of deeply assessed and pre-qualified      outsourced software development. That’s our guarantee
      programming teams and professional software devel-         and that gives you the power to get the project done,
      opment services, we are positioned to help any compa-      ahead of schedule and below budget, not the other way
      ny who needs immediate assistance for any IT project,      around.
      large or small. Any Technology. Any Country.
      Accelerance provides hassle-free offshore software and     Simple and reliable – that’s what it’s all about. Our Rapid
      IT outsourcing for companies everywhere.                   Referral program gives you hassle-free, high-quality off-
                                                                 shore software application development that takes ad-
      Cutting programming costs? Can’t hire great program-       vantage of low-cost offshore outsourcing. And you can
      mers locally? If you’ve exhausted all your options and     get started today. With our complimentary consultation,
      are not sure who to turn to – Accelerance can help. And    partner scorecard and referral process and introductory
      if you’re frustrated by the large, impersonal software     conference call, you can be well on your way.
      outsourcing vendors out there, we understand. At Ac-
      celerance, we’re different. Our Global Partner Network
      has the right size vendors you need, providers who will      Accelerance guarantees our offshore soft-
      get the job done on time, on budget and to your total        ware development partners will perform.
      satisfaction.

      But there’s more: Accelerance guarantees our offshore
      software development partners will perform. In some
      cases Accelerance takes complete responsibility for your



Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
Conclusion
      Offshore Software Development Success Stories




      ChemSW is a small company developing software                                                 Dean Haritos, CEO of PushMX just couldn’t get his
      products for chemical industry. They are based in Cali-                                       outsourcing vendor in China to add enough program-
      fornia but has a software develo pment team in update                                         mers to get all features they needed in their software
      New York. It is difficult for the company to find enough                                      product implemented in time. But to switch vendors he
      Microsoft .NET programmers in Ithaca and they decided                                         expected it would take him 6 months of valuable time.
      to looking into offshore outsourcing. CEO Brian Stafford                                      In stepped Accelerance and within a day was able to
      spoke to several vendors and got a wide range of an-                                          recommend three partners in India, Nepal & Vietnam
      swers to questions about expertise, rates and locations.                                      for Dean’s short list. After a quick evaluation, PushMX
      It was all very daunting. Luckily Brian found Accelerance                                     ramped-up small team in India in 6 weeks. After com-
      and ChemSW was able to easily expand their software                                           pletion of an initial pilot project, the PushMX dedicated
      development capabilities with an Accelerance partner                                          offshore team ranged between 6 to 17 developers over
      in Costa Rica in a few weeks.                                                                 3 years.


      The full ChemSW story was written up in a Business Week SPECIAL REPORT on February 13, 2009




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
Conclusion


      Keith Hardwicke, co-founder of K&L Consulting had a        Then Keith contacted Accelerance. We recommended
      new client that wanted to develop an online job inter-     an Accelerance partner in Ukraine with an expert RoR
      view video system as a 24/7 way to connect people;         team. They passed Keith’s test with flying colors and
      those looking for employees and those looking for a        have exceeded his expectations every step of the way
      job. The new web application would be implemented          for speed, quality and even deployment of the web app
      with Ruby on Rails and Keith new it was too big of a       in the cloud ..
      programming job for just himself. And if he had to hire
      a team of programmers, he wanted to save money by
      going offshore. Keith put together a small programming
      test with a couple dynamic web pages that can easily be
      created in Ruby on Rails in a day or so of programming.
      He used it to determine the qualifications of each off-
      shore vendor he contacted. The first vendor failed the
      test – the software worked and it was written in Ruby
      but did not use the Rails framework. It was a major mis-
      step by the vendor.                                        You can hear Keith’s full story of selecting a software outsourcing vendor and the best
                                                                 way to specify the software you need in the webinar An Accidental Programmer’s
                                                                 Journey to Offshore Development: & the Shortcuts He Learned Along the Way




Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
Conclusion


      Jackie Slovak is the Application Systems Analyst at         A careful review of their needs for technology and an
      Easter Seals-Goodwill Northern Rocky Mountain, Inc.         Agile software development methodology enabled
      (ESGW-NRM), a non-profit organization that is a chapter     quick selection of an Accelerance partner in Argentina
      of both the Easter Seals Disability Services and Good-      with workday time zone overlap for collaboration on
      will Industries national organizations. ESGW-NRM de-        the inevitable changes required, despite that perfect
      velops software in their IT department office in Great      spec they started with. Jackie also benefited from the
      Falls, Montana that gathers and organizes information       technical expertise of the partner who recommended
      in multiple offices in the states of Idaho, Montana, Utah   the relatively new MVC architecture rather than less
      and Wyoming. ESGW-NRM is using offshore outsourcing         flexible ASP.NET implementation .
      to save money while building time-saving applications
      using Microsoft .NET technology. Jackie and her team
      created what they thought was the “perfect” specifica-
      tion for a new application needed for case management
      to comply with state regulations. But as a non-profit       Hear Jackie’s story of transition from a fixed-price outsourcing project to full Agile in the
      ESGW-NRM could not afford to make mistakes or wrong         webinar Over the Waterfall and into the Rapids: A Better Way to Manage the Risks of
                                                                  Outsourced Software Development
      turns in their outsourcing.


Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
WhenYou Should
Conclusion
      Our Expertise isYour Benefit

      We are the industry leaders for good reason. We know          We go to work on our own dime to get it done right and
      offshore IT outsourcing. With extensive experience inte-      on schedule.
      grating in-house and global outsourced development
      teams, we have led dramatic cost and time savings for         Want to read more?
      companies everywhere. With more than 25 years of soft-
      ware development experience, the entire Accelerance           Be sure to go to our website at www.accelerance.com
      team is here for you.                                         to review our webinars, whitepapers, articles and blog
                                                                    posts on important topics in the software outsourcing
      Only Accelerance has carefully evaluated hundreds of          industry.
      vendors around the world and will recommend the best
      one for your outsourced software development. You’ll          And when you are ready to talk, we are here.
      get your software completed – the right way - and have        We look forward to helping you!
      the peace of mind you need so you can focus on your
      core business.                                                Thanks for reading –

      And, as I mentioned, we stand behind our global part-
      ners. Should your experience be less than adequate,
      Accelerance will fix it. No fine print. No finger pointing.   Schedule your free phone consultation today. . .
      No quibbling.                                                 Call 1-877-992-2235 x100


                                                                                                                       60
Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak

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Fearless IT Outsourcing

  • 1. outsourcing application development anywhere on planet earth by Steve Mezak by Author Name
  • 2. Does outsourcing your software development make sense? Is it the right fit? If so, how should go about doing it? What are the first steps? The valuable information in this new e-book from Accelerance CEO, Steve Mezak, puts you on the right path.
  • 3. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Based on a work at www.accelerance.com. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://www.accelerance.com/Fearless-Software-Outsourcing-Ebook/. Published by Accelerance, Inc. January 27, 2011 e-book design lianne@flydesignmedia.com
  • 4. Who should read this Ebook 1 What is Software Outsourcing 3 Chapter 1: Why Outsource 9 Chapter 2: When You Should NOT Outsource 17 Chapter 3: How to Select a Software Outsourcing Vendor 33 Chapter 4: Conclusion 56
  • 5. Who Should read this Ebook So, who is this Ebook, Fearless Software Outsourcing: So if you happen to be a CIO or Director of Application Application Development Anywhere on Planet Earth Development in an IT department, you should read for exactly? Who can benefit the most? The answer is this Ebook. If you are a CTO or VP of Engineering in a practically anyone at any company that understands software company, there is something for you in this the advantages of outsourcing or is planning for an report. No matter what your role or function within your outsourced software project. The reality is that very company, if you are developing custom Software for the few professionals know every- web, mobile devices or internal use, this Ebook will be thing there is to know about the of tremendous value. topic. There is always more to learn and new developments in If you happen to be a CIO or Director of the offshore software outsourc- Application Development in an IT ing industry. As more and more department, you should read this developing countries embrace Ebook. technology and education, (much like India and Costa Rica have in the past few decades), the further along we’ll be as a global economy in producing goods and services more efficiently. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 6. Chatper Who Should read this Ebook One of the most important trends in business today is even Costa Rica? It’s true. And the application develop- the practice of outsourcing those functions or projects ment outsourcing phenomenon continues to grow with that can be done more efficiently and more affordably every passing year. overseas.In our truly international business environ- ment, we are all interdependent on each other. Having all your business functions performed in the country Software development gets done in where your corporate headquarters is located can be Russia, India, Ukraine, Argentina and very shortsighted. With outsourcing, your company can even Costa Rica? significantly reduce costs and enter new foreign mar- kets, all at the same time. And where’s the downside there? In fact, it’s very normal to have a company from Europe serving clients in the U.S. and utilizing partnerships with manufacturers in Asia. Also very likely is a multi-national company in the U.S. that performs marketing, selling and distribution in America but outsources all the rest to places all over the globe. Most of us know that Nike manufacturers shoes in China. Some of us have heard that Volkswagen assembles cars in Mexico. But how many of us realize just how much software develop- ment gets done in Russia, India, Ukraine, Argentina and Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 7. What is Software Outsourcing Software outsourcing is the strategic use of external resources to perform application development services that your company either doesn’t want to do or cannot do. Developed according to your exact requirements, your software application could be up and running in record time and way below what you could produce it for in house. Have limited or no internal development capabilities? Can’t handle the project in the required timeframe? Lack the relevant technological expertise required for the project? Outsourcing can address these issues and give you a serious competitive edge . Whether it’s a simple iPhone application your company needs, an enterprise wide IT initiative that has limited budget or a massive cloud-based, software-as-a-service product that you need to bring to market in the next 18 months, the benefits of outsourcing overseas are signifi- cant. IT projects and software development outsourcing enables companies everywhere the opportunity to cre- ate highly competitive solutions in shortened time tables with considerable cost reduction. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 8. What is Software Outsourcing Of course, developing software requires expert knowl- But, an established and reputable overseas, outsourced edge and a strong commitment to project completion provider can reduce these risks dramatically by address- in order to be called “successful”. The more reliable ing potential problem issues at an early stage. The re- overseas companies have teams of professionals trained sult? Your project is completed on time and on budget. to work as a team on software development projects, And you have an unprecedented opportunity to grow sometimes around the clock. And lets face it - develop- sales and market share and beat your competitor at ing software can be well out of your company’s core their own game. Not a bad deal. competence. The outsourcing process allows you to transfer this demanding business activity to an offshore You’ll learn the best five situations for outsourcing, the provider, which helps you to remain focused on your times when you should definitely not outsource, details core business. And that’s important. about how to select a software outsourcing vendor and much more. If you have ever tried to educate your self One third of all software development on the topic by doing a Google search, you would have discovered that it’s very hard to find good, comprehen- projects started are never completed sive, non-biased information out there. In this special, one of a kind Ebook, we attempted to put together the Research shows that one third of all software develop- best, most accurate and timely advice on the topic and ment projects started are never completed, and over to communicate it effectively so you can get through half of projects will exceed their budgets by over 75%. the entire Ebook in less than an hour. I think we So, no project, whether performed in house or not, is accomplished that. without risk. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 9. Chapter 3 1 When you shouldOutsource? Why not outsource
  • 10. Why Outsource? Why should your company outsource your software Of course, many business owners are less than enthusi- development? Well, we alluded to some very important astic about outsourcing certain aspects of their IT oper- reasons in the introduction of this report. But, in the ations, especially their software development function. pages that follow, we’ll take a deeper dive into the spe- Nightmare stories about failed outsourcing software cifics so you can gain a solid understanding. Once you development projects can be found everywhere. The are finished reading, you’ll be 1000% more confident as truth is that many of those failures were caused by not you move forward with making a software outsourcing appreciating the differences in time zones, work ethic, decision. And informed decision making is the best kind culture, and language. If you do your due diligence and of decision making. Plus, when it comes to something take these important elements into consideration, you’ll as important as software products and services for your have a much different outcome. Lining up your project with the right combination of these attributes can make Why should your company out- all the difference in the world. source your software development? It’s important to understand that outsourcing your soft- ware development to a good vendor is not only much company, it is absolutely critical to get it right the first less risky but it can be quite advantageous. As a matter time. Anything less than that could actually cause you of fact, there are a several scenarios where outsourcing to spend more time and money than if you had assem- may be the best approach for your business. bled a team and developed the software in house. Not good! Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 11. WhenYou Should Why Outsource? Limited Budget In addition, you can control project costs. Because it’s One of the most common is agreed upon up front, it’s less likely that there will be when you have a limited budget. surprises regarding the project budget. The product If you’re struggling with that is- specifications, conditions, and deliverables will always sue or if you want to save more be specified in the project contract. money, it’s worthwhile to con- sider outsourcing your software development. For one, you’ll be converting a permanent fixed cost (monthly salaries) into a variable cost (project fees or retainer fees). Usually, the cost of outsourcing soft- ware development is less than the cost of maintaining an internal development team. Why? There’s no training or infrastructure for one. The outsourced partner needs to have the necessary hardware, software, and training for their team. The best outsourced software providers in the world have made large investments in their com- panies and many times, have benefitted from govern- ment support. You get to leverage these investments at zero cost. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 12. WhenYou Should Why Outsource? Technical Skills Needed Another issue is one that many businesses face, espe- cially new or smaller firms: Your company may not have the technical skills. If your recruitment process is stalled for lack of quality candidates or, if your project requires specialized skills, which you don’t have in-house, then it’s time to seriously consider outsourcing. Keep in mind; however, that using an outsourced software develop- ment company doesn’t mean that their resources will automatically be better than yours would be. That’s the goal of course, but it takes homework to figure it out. Of course, you need to be diligent when it comes to selecting your provider. You’ll definitely want to check client references and analyze their previous projects to determine their skill and expertise level. And if you’re getting dedicated resources, don’t forget to ask for specific resumes as well as a skill’s report for each candidate. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 13. WhenYou Should Why Outsource? Can’t Find Enough Good Programmers Other companies have another issue altogether when it comes to deciding to outsource software development: they are too busy and are already running at full-capaci- ty. Oftentimes, there are situations where it makes sense to outsource while still maintaining your own software development capability. If your in-house team is over- loaded with projects and busy with a backlog of devel- opment requests, you should consider outsourcing your less critical jobs. This will allow your internal developers to stay focused on the jobs at hand that will most likely have the biggest impact on your bottom line. You could have the outsourced team handle the less important, day to day projects and keep the high profile ones in house. Or vice versa, whatever works for you. An out- source provider can typically handle less complex proj- ects in a shorter timeframe as they generally will have more hands on deck. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 14. WhenYou Should Why Outsource? What are Some Other Benefits of Software • Improve the efficiency of your in-house staff. Outsourcing? Scheduling of your resources is more efficient since in-house personnel can be assigned to current, critical, • Access to an experienced team. or ongoing projects. Finding time for a new project can A software development company has already put be difficult when current in-house resources are being together the team you need. You wont have to recruit utilized to their maximum capabilities. new talent, train them and bring them up to speed on your project, therefore the lead-time is reduced. Plus, • Having a team dedicated to the project eliminates the your ability to claim success in the project is increased need to pull staff when more urgent or daily issues when you can rely on an experienced team of profes- arise. When the project is outsourced to an experienced sionals who use the technology you require as part of and professional software developer, in-house work can their everyday business. be better managed. In addition, the completion date of your project will not be affected by things out of your • Reduce human resources costs. control. The other related issue is internal staff turnover. Hiring new staff for a short-term project can be very An in house project that lasts a year or longer could expensive, particularly if it’s a one time or short-term be jeopardized by key technical personnel leaving the project. When outsourcing, employee costs are limited company, which puts the project at serious risk. to the project duration. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 15. WhenYou Should Why Outsource? There are also the saved costs for training and overhead expense. If you do the project in house, you’ll have costs for software, hardware, training manuals, training staff and more. Plus, you’ll have efficiency losses for the time required for in-house staff to recruit/acquire staff, ramp up and prepare for the project that’s being considered. Why should your company outsource These issues are all factored into the hourly rates of an your software development? outsourced software development team, and may be well below your internal costs. It will most likely take less time to complete the project using an outsourced developer as well. As a result you will see the cost ben- efits of the software applications much sooner. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 16. Chapter 2 When You Should Not Outsource
  • 17. WhenYou Should WhenNot Outsource You Should WhenYou Should Not Outsource ammunition. But how do you get started? What are the first steps? And more importantly, how do you find a First, lets address the obvious: there are real, potential qualified, high quality foreign vendor when there are so risks in software outsourcing. This is best addressed many choices and so many countries that are getting in right up front. The good news, however, is that usually the software outsourcing industry? Never fear, we will it’s because of poor preparation or research into the address all of these questions. Keep reading! outsourcing process. Most companies do not perform adequate due diligence. This Ebook, of course, cuts Managing the outsourcing risks is fundamental to down the learning curve significantly. achieving success with your project. Whether it’s a short term, speedy, one time development project or Now that you know some of the key reasons why you an ongoing, multi-year engagement, you need to know should consider software outsourcing, what are the exactly what you’re getting into. Things aren’t the same outside the U.S. borders. Arming yourself with research and knowledge will go a long way in your outsourcing What should you know before pursuits. you get involved? inherent risks? What should you know before you get involved? Preparing yourself for what to expect and knowing the lay of the land will give you the best Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 18. WhenYou Should WhenNot Outsource You Should Some of the Software development outsourcing risks You many also run into foreign outsourcing firms that include: are simply unethical. Lets face it; there are bad com- panies everywhere you go, not just in Russia, China or Critical Intellectual Property Rights and/or India. You can alleviate some of this by performing your Privacy Issues due diligence and working with a consulting company that evaluates or perhaps even pre-qualifies only the Intellectual property is often the most valuable asset of best foreign firms. There are several U.S. companies that any product-based organization. If you don’t fully un- perform this task. The other thing, of course, is to have derstand IP, and the importance of IP rights, you could a solid agreement in place and use the services of an at- be in trouble. After a few weeks or months, the over- torney with international or foreign experience. seas outsourced firm may begin to understand your company’s technology as well as you do. And they may not feel they have loyalty to your organization, even if you are the ones paying them. Reduce your IP risk by firewalling key product or process areas, extracting and filing IP before outsourcing and establish jointly-devel- oped IP ownership and confidentiality requirements. Be sure your firm and your chosen software outsourcing company are on the same page with this. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 19. WhenYou Should WhenNot Outsource You Should Technical Research & Discovery Needed Usually software outsourcing has a clear goal of creat- ing a specific software application. Software specifi- cations will vary in detail, but there should be a clear vision of the complete solution, or at least an idea of several milestones along the way when the software ap- plication will have expected value and functionality. But sometimes companies will have a tough technical challenge or critical question how, or if it is possible, to implement a software solution. You can attempt to outsource the research & discovery process to find an answer but open-ended problems like this can be dif- ficult to solve. An offshore vendor that is used to being handed complete specifications for a software applica- tion will have a tough time dealing with research and situations where the answer is not yet known. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 20. WhenYou Should WhenNot Outsource You Should For example, an Accelerance client several years ago wanted a software application that could capture and save the contents of the screen of a call center employ- ee over time. They were already recording the audio and now they wanted to record the screens and synchronize them with the conversation. What is the best way to do that? That was the question they wanted answered and even gave some sugges- tions of technology solutions that might work. However, the programmers at the offshore vendor interpreted the assignment as a directive to implement the screen capture with the suggested technology, not as research to discover the best solution. Don’t try to use an outsourcing vendor for research when they are used to be told what to do. If you need to outsource research then make sure your vendor has the senior level people prepared to solve challenging prob- lems and apply critical thinking. Some will jump at the chance! Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 21. WhenYou Should WhenNot Outsource You Should You Have Only an Idea and a Small Budget If this scenario sounds like your situation, you probably should not try to hire an outsourced software develop- ment team. After all, you can find great individual pro- grammers and software developers on sites like Elance, oDesk or Rent a Coder. Providers on these sites special- ize in helping small or brand new companies who sim- ply have an idea and very little cash. Sometimes, you can even barter your services with someone like this. Simply having a great idea is not enough to consider software outsourcing. And regarding the money part: The typical budget for software outsourcing with a you can’t expect something for nothing. You definitely team of qualified programmers at an excellent vendor get what you pay for if you are paying pennies for the should be a minimum of about $25,000 for a pilot proj- time of a software developer. ect and is often several hundred thousand, and even over one million dollars per year for larger dedicated teams. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 22. WhenYou Should WhenNot Outsource You Should Five Situations for Outsourcing 1. Creating Your First Software Product If you are starting a software company and have a great And a technical entrepreneur creating a new online idea that could add value to the market or even revolu- game or app for the iPhone, for example, will be prone tionize your industry, looking overseas for your applica- to experimenting and testing out different ideas. If this tion development may be the best thing you ever do. sounds like you, wait until you are finished inventing Outsourcing your version 1.0 will provide you with an and innovating in source code, before you step into instant development team and accelerate your time to the outsourcing arena. Outsourcing your version 1.0 market, or to the users of an internal application at your will require some amount of specification . But if you company. And it will reduce your costs. haven’t finished innovating how and what the product will do, you won’t be ready. Of course, outsourcing also One note of caution: If you’re a startup and plan on depends on the nature of your innovation. outsourcing the creation of your first software product, venture capitalists and angel investors may be skeptical. A more mainstream enterprise software application Outsourcing is not a viable strategy for every startup. that uses standard software technology and delivers a But you may be bootstrapping the operation anyway. business innovation in the way that the software is used All the more reason to outsource the software develop- would be an ideal candidate for outsourcing develop- ment to a lower cost overseas firm. ment. Why? It’s much easier to create a specification to get started. See the Accelerance webinar An Accidental Programmer’s Journey to Offshore Development about specification techniques that are proven to work when outsourcing. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 23. WhenYou Should WhenNot Outsource You Should 2. Creating a New or an Additional Software Application One thing you can say about IT development teams: It is usually easy to specify an add-on product by mak- give them the space and resources to focus and do ing use of existing product documentation and other good work and truly great things can happen. Well “artifacts” from the development process of your main known as an independent culture within the corporate product. environment, there are certain things every Dev team needs to be successful. They also may be entirely too For example, you might use outsourcing to create a ver- busy to do all the work that needs to be completed. sion of your software product to address a new market In fact, that’s almost always the case, especially with at a low cost. The starting point can be the source code a growing company with a hot product that’s on the of your main product. Your existing product is then move. a major component of the “specification” for the new product. The only thing you need to do is add a short So, you can use outsourcing to avoid distracting your description of the changes required in the new user existing development team from other important work. interface. Perhaps your new product is an add-on or extension to your main product. You can keep your internal develop- ers working on your main product while the outsourced team completes the add-on. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 24. WhenYou Should WhenNot Outsource You Should 3. Augmenting Your Existing Software Development Team Isn’t it true that in the business world, we never have In addition, you can get round-the-clock development enough people to get the assigned work completed? when the outsourced team is offshore and multiple In practically every organization, especially smaller time zones ahead, which will help you get your software software companies and companies in emerging tech- developed quickly. nology industries, the laundry list of tasks and planned projects can seem overwhelming. And then there is the In the past it was common to outsource to a U.S.-based issue of prioritization. What’s most important? How do company to acquire special technical expertise, and this you rate project A from project B, both of which need to is still true today. Face-to-face communication with such happen in order to get the product to market? a team is very valuable in the early product definition phase. You then have the choice of using your internal The answer to some of these issues is intelligent soft- team or the outsourced team to do the coding. ware outsourcing of course, you can use an outsourced team to augment the work of your existing develop- Testing and quality assurance (QA) of your software is ment team. This approach gives you the raw manpower a terrific way to get started with outsourcing and can required to develop your software, as well as needed provide a critical function that is often understaffed in technical expertise your internal team may not possess. many software development organizations. Final inte- gration testing that is manually intensive is a good fit for outsourcing. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 25. WhenYou Should WhenNot Outsource You Should 4. Maintaining an Existing Software Application or Product Wouldn’t you agree that maintaining and/or support- At one of my software companies, we used an Indian ing software is a much easier task than product plan- operation to support version 1.0 after a new version 2.0 ning and development? It’s absolutely true. And a lot had been developed and had become the main prod- less costly as well. Of course, getting to the place in the uct. We still had a few customers who did not want to product development cycle is easier said than done, but pay to upgrade, and we were contractually committed once you have the product in the marketplace, have to support them with version 1.0. Outsourcing of this had some sales success and are in maintenance mode non-strategic activity made a lot of sense. (or even in a version 2 spec phase), you will be in a good place for bringing in outsiders. Some people believe that maintenance programming is the only “safe” use of outsourcing. This is not true. There Hence, maintenance programming for supporting an are outsourcing companies that will never aspire to do existing software application or product is a very popu- more than this type of programming. But there are also lar use of outsourcing. Some outsourcing teams even many outsourced teams of professional programmers specialize in this kind of programming. After an initial that are experts at creating brand new software applica- ramp-up period, it is easy for them to make incremental tions and products. changes to your existing code. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 26. WhenYou Should WhenNot Outsource You Should 5. Cutting the Burn Rate to Enable Your Company to Survive Here’s the situation: you have a “game changing” soft- You need to outsource the project overseas, because ware idea that you think is a total win and so you decide otherwise, you’ll be out of business. Not good! to start a new company. You begin by putting together a great business plan and bringing in some investors. But using overseas outsourcing to replace employees You start hiring a full engineering team to create the can be challenging. You need to keep key employees software application. Everything looks great, things are as a core technical team capable of managing the new on track and plans are coming together. Your software outsourced programming team, and to do product project is moving along well and in your head, you can management if you are a software product company. start to see the customers lining up to buy it. Of course, a better approach is to use outsourcing to Not so fast. Days turn into weeks, which turn into minimize costs right from the start. months. The software development takes longer than expected. Cost overruns are happening. You had to Outsourcing has definitely matured beyond the early show a couple “bad apples” to the door. Or perhaps adopters and is now being embraced by the early ma- the target market was misjudged and it takes longer to jority of software companies. It has become an integral close business. Whatever happens, the use of outsourc- part of the product development process at American ing in this case can mean the difference between corpo- software companies. rate life and death. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 27. WhenYou Should WhenNot Outsource You Should Using outsourcing is like a marriage. It takes commit- ment from both sides to make the relationship work. Good communication is required. Success factors like these are the lifeblood of thriving companies making effective use of outsourcing. The bottom line? The need to cut the rate at which you’re burning through capital can lead to difficult choices. Whether you have highly paid programmers that need to be let go or simply have way too many unexpected and unforeseen costs that have come up, outsourcing may save the day – and your company. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 28. WhenYou Should WhenNot Outsource You Should AVendor Selection Nightmare The business community is littered with stories about Good luck with that one. software outsourcing gone wrong. The reason, unfor- tunately, is usually because the company takes it upon Think about it: You wouldn’t hire a new employee themselves to handle the project – from start to finish. without a robust background check would you? You And though some companies do their research, work wouldn’t bring on a new Executive without looking at hard and end up finding a great partner to work with, a couple hundred resumes and holding multiple inter- it’s a typically a rare event. It’s almost always a better views, right? So, why do companies make a decision idea to work with an overseas software development and sign an agreement with a foreign software develop- consulting firm here in the U.S. There is simply too much ment firm after they’ve only looked at a dozen or so and to know and too much unpredictability. After all, you barely checked references? Good question. It happens are dealing with foreigners from another country. Dif- quite a bit. ferent laws, different rules, different cultures. Unfortu- nately, it’s sometimes the American superiority complex And ask yourself this: Why would you ever bring on that can get in the way. You think, “I can figure this out” an overseas software development firm just because or “how hard can it be?” Others might say to themselves, they had a great looking website, were ranked high in “If anything goes wrong, I’ll take control and tell them Google for “Chinese software outsourcing” and the sales what needs to happen.” contact spoke good English? Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 29. WhenYou Should WhenNot Outsource You Should So, I’ll share with you a quick story of one software On his own, this VP carried out a careful search for an company that, unfortunately, had a “nightmare” of an outsourcing vendor in three places: India, China, and experience. It wasn’t pretty, but hopefully, it will make South America. His goal? A low price point to give him a you more aware of the potential issues in the outsourc- specific cost savings over hiring engineers in the U.S. ing market. The moral of the story? Even when you think you’re doing everything right, things can still go very He evaluated 22 vendors in these three countries. Then wrong. he made nine site visits. Site visits are not always neces- sary, but in his case the company was interested in a First, you need to know that this company tried to do it build, operate, and transfer (BOT) arrangement giving it all on their own. Call it their independent nature, their the option of transferring the team to its own desire to save more money or their lack of knowledge. subsidiary . However you see it, it was clearly a mistake, and prob- ably a combination of all three. Second, it took them So if I hadn’t set up the story as a cautionary tale, you’d five months to make the selection. So, they didn’t make probably think that so far, he was doing everything the decision in haste. They truly thought that they were right…right? rightfully performing their due diligence. Wrong. I found out about the happening from their VP of engi- neering, who was the lead on the project. And I’m glad Because guess what happened? he told me, most companies that experience what they did never tell a soul. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 30. WhenYou Should WhenNot Outsource You Should After all this work, time, and money, he still got less than The nightmare then began. The English skills of the ju- satisfactory results. nior programmers were limited, making communication very difficult and inefficient. And their programming What happened? So, he selected a U.S.-owned out- skills seemed even worse. Their day-to-day activities sourcing vendor with an operation in China. The vendor had to be closely directed by the U.S.-based VP and his was in the process of acquiring a second team of pro- staff. The source code developed in China was reviewed grammers in China. The VP found this second Chinese every single day (actually, every night). team to be excellent, and they quickly sketched out an architecture and design for the software that was need- Because of the 16-hour time difference with China, ed. He then worked out the financial terms with the managers in the U.S. spent many late nights emailing U.S.-based vendor and signed the agreement. detailed instructions (even pseudocode) and answer- ing questions by phone when it was daytime in China. But the acquisition of the second Chinese team by the This led to severe morale problems within the U.S. staff, U.S. outsourcing vendor fell through. A junior team from made worse by the fact that the U.S. staff never thought the existing operation in China was assigned to the VP’s outsourcing was a good idea to begin with. Missed project instead. And that’s when all hell broke lose. Do deadlines and vociferous employee frustration eventu- you think he had any control over this development? ally elevated the issue to the board level. Absolutely not. See Chapter 4 of Software without Borders for more information on the pros and cons of BOT Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 31. WhenYou Should WhenNot Outsource You Should But the damage was done. Within two months, the VP Will this outsourcing story be your story? Not necessar- was gone. The outsourcing engagement he so carefully ily. You certainly could spend five months of your own arranged went bad and caused such an awful ruckus time and come up with a good vendor. But if your soft- that he was forced to leave the company. Unbelievable ware development project is small or your time line is right? In the software outsourcing industry it unfor- short, it is hard to justify expending this kind of effort, tunately happens more than it should. And rightfully even if you end up finding the perfect team. because of the issues I pointed out earlier… Or you might get a lucky referral from a friend to a good • The right preparation and research doesn’t vendor and start outsourcing more quickly. But will it be guarantee anything the best vendor? Is there a better vendor out there that • Unexpected things can and will come up, you is more experienced, works faster, and costs less? You’ll just need to be ready for them probably never know. • It is a really good idea to get expert software outsourcing advice…it’s always worth the extra Is there a way to find a team quickly that will also give investment you reliable results? Yes, there is. But it is not a simple purchasing process. And of course, the last thing I want to do is scare you away from the idea of outsourcing. In many hundreds of cases, every year, it is quite simply the best thing that ever happened to a company. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 32. Chapter 3 How to Select a Software Outsourcing Vendor
  • 33. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor TheThree-Step Process One Accelerance client put it this way: “It’s like we are If you’ve ever looked online for software outsourcing walking down the shampoo aisle at Wal-Mart and we vendors, it’s pretty amazing what you find. There are don’t know what to buy. There are just too many hundreds, possibly thousands of companies all over the choices!” globe just waiting to work with you. Simply Googling the phrase gets you 4.6 million results…wow. Five years ago, it probably would have been less than a million. There has been, without a doubt, an explosion in over- seas software development. If you are overwhelmed with the sheer number of software outsourc- ing vendors, you are not alone. We all are, even those of us in the indus- try. It is stunning to see how many there are— and they all seem to have come out of the woodwork in just the last few years. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 34. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor So, what’s driving this trend? First: The focus on educa- Of course, you want to take advantage of the real and tion in many foreign countries over the past 30 years, substantial savings of global software development, take India and Costa Rica for example. Their govern- ments put millions into higher education and the results but you don’t want to waste time and money learning have been spectacular. The next reason is the simple how to do it. This is really the crux of the issue and a big need for it. With the rise of the internet, software as a part of what this special report is all about. The bottom service, social media and all the rest, app development line is that there are far too many companies out there and software development and hardware development making this mistake. It’s my goal to change this. and everything tied to it is needed like never before. We gotta have it. And American software developers can’t keep up. But here’s the other thing: they also want too much money. I mean some companies spend three times the amount when they use an internal IT devel- opme nt team instead of outsourcing. If your project costs $3 million to do here and less than $1 million off- shore, (for the same quality work), it’s an easy decision, right? Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 35. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor In today’s fast-paced and cost-constrained world of But how do you do it? There are so many vendors just software development, no one can afford a long learn- begging to develop your software. You could hire an ing curve and the expense, in both time and money, of outsourcing advisor to help you with the process, but making a mistake. After all, if you make the wrong deci- they charge a high hourly rate and are therefore moti- sion, you could lose a lot. Some, like in the story I told vated to take as long as possible using a “complete and earlier…have even lost their job. That’s a tough price to thorough” (and that means expensive!) process to evalu- pay. ate your outsourcing choices. Your goal: outsourced engineers who work together as Most of us cannot afford that luxury, and so you prob- a cohesive, professional software development team, ably feel left on your own to sort through your choices. following a well-defined software development pro- Well, the reality is that you are not on your own, not at cess. Not a bunch of programmers thrown together in all. Hundreds of companies find themselves in this spot a room, working on the cheap in some exotic foreign every year. The difference between those that claim suc- country. Your team needs to be expert in the technol- cess in the outsourcing game and those that don’t can ogy you need. You want to find a team that can quickly be summed up in three words: follow a process. execute your software development projects, not one that will be learning on the job and on your nickel. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 36. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor Well, lucky for you, that’s exactly what I have for you. A Probably the biggest obstacle to selecting a vendor stripped down, no fluff, all substance methodology for is a lack of clarity about what the process should be. getting the software outsourcing thing down. Here is People often combine these three steps, and so they are a straightforward three-step process you can follow to unconsciously sourcing, screening, and selecting all at select the best outsourcing vendor for your software once. Let’s look at each step in more detail to see how development. The three basic steps you should follow you can choose your outsourcing vendor quickly and are: safely. 1. Source: Find vendors you want to consider. 2. Screen: Apply an objective set of criteria to narrow down your choices. 3. Select: Look in more detail at your finalists and select the best one. Pretty straightforward, right? So why don’t others just follow these simple steps and achieve success with outsourcing? Some do. But most get distracted by the details, especially if they are already running a company or software development organization. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 37. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor Step 1: Source — CreateYour List of OutsourcingVendors What’s the most common way for out- sourcing vendors to find new business? Sounds easy, right? You do some Internet research, talk to your business friends, maybe go through some of that having a relationship with you can increase their your industry associations, and jot down the names of chances and perhaps give you the confidence to pro- some firms. You next put together a long list of possible ceed. You may even overlook some of their deficiencies choices and then narrow it down to a short list. While it if you really hit it off. And how many times in business may sound easy, it never is. But you can make is easier has this story been told? You were great friends, but on yourself, that’s for sure. terrible business partners. It happens every day. The bottom line is you can’t let personal feelings cloud your It’s true, most people find their outsourcing vendor judgment. And definitely don’t get sold by a master in one of three ways—by personal reference, Internet salesman. search, or solicitation by the vendor. In fact, you may already have several vendors on your list but would like a few more choices. What’s the most common way for outsourcing vendors to find new business? Personal references. Selecting a vendor is an important decision. Smart vendors know Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 38. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor You have to make sure they have a quality team in system, a physical location move, or a software devel- place, that they have “the chops”. That they can do the opment team, you should never make a major decision job. Talk to some of their clients. Visit their facility. Do about outsourcing with a choice of only one vendor. whatever it takes when you are sourcing your talent. Never, ever, ever. Because it really is What You Know AND Who You Know in the game of software outsourcing. Let’s face it: relationships play a big role in hiring deci- sions. And though relationships are important, you can- And of course, without established relationships, it can not rely on them alone. When hiring both employees take months to find, evaluate, and select the best out- and your outsourcing team, you need to use a combi- sourced software team to meet your needs. nation of both what and who you know to make good decisions about who to hire to develop your software. How do you objectively select the best outsourcing team for you? How can you get beyond the strong influ- Its really is What You Know AND Who You ence of relationships, or lack thereof, to select the team Know in the game of software outsourcing. that will guide and travel with you on the road to suc- cess? You certainly don’t want to use a Russian outsourc- ing company simply because one of your angel inves- tors knows the firm and wants to conserve cash as you develop your product. Whether it’s a new accounting Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 39. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor Googling for GlobalVendors Most of your potential vendors will likely come from a reputable companies make up those coveted page 1 Google search. and page 2 spots of Google. But guess what? It’s hardly ever true. We’ll start this topic by bringing up something that some of you may have never heard of. It’s called SEO. The reason why some of these outsourcing vendors Or “Search Engine Optimization”. It is the process of are at the top of the list is very likely because they have improving the visibility of a website or a web page in paid thousands of dollars to search-engine optimization search engines via the “natural” or un-paid search re- experts to use whatever tricks are required to improve sults. In general, the more frequently a site appears in their ranking on the popular search engines. And many the search results list, the more visitors it will receive vendors spend thousands more on search-engine ads from the search engine. to lead you to their web sites. Ask yourself this: do you have the perception that the And meanwhile, the best vendor happens to be on top companies in any field are usually at the top of the page 6, but you didn’t go that far because only 10% of search engines when you search for something? (like us ever go past page 3 in a search and no good com- maybe “software outsourcing companies”) If you do, pany would ever be that far down would they? Oh, yes you are definitely in the majority. Most people DO be- they can. Especially if it’s a foreign company. lieve that the best and most respected and most Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 40. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor And then once you get to the site it is hard to judge objectively whether they are the right vendor for you. Here’s how a typical online vendor search goes: 1. You do a search using technical keywords like “.NET” and “outsourcing” and you get back a list of a few vendors. 2. Are they good at .NET or just at the search engine opti- mization that puts their URL high in the results? 3. It’s hard to tell, so you just add them to the list. 4. You could have just put a bad company on your short list..ugh! In summary, it is actually pretty easy to come up with a long list of outsourcing vendors. The trick is to use an objective process to quickly shorten the list, so that it contains only the candidates you should seriously con- sider. We cover that next in step 2. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 41. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor Step 2: Screen— So, in total, there are more than 12 criteria I recommend Use Key Criteria to ShortenYour List for screening your outsourcing vendors, and they are divided into two categories: technical and business. There is probably nothing more important in the pro- cess than screening. This is the step that will separate Technical criteria include expertise with the specific the good firms from the great ones, the bad from the technology “stack” you need for your product. Examples really bad. Your first pass at it should go quickly. Two are Java, Microsoft .NET, and PHP. Can the team adapt to stacks – good firms and bad firms. But then it comes your software development methodology, such as RUP, down to all the important attributes you need in an agile, and test-driven development? outsourcing partner. So, what are the important characteristics you want to look for in your outsourcing vendor? What’s worked for companies in the past? From my experience and ex- haustive research, here are the top three criteria I rec- ommend that you use to select your outsourced team: • Technical competence • Experience working on your size project • Overlap with your workday Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 42. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor Business criteria include cost, of course, but also the And of course, there is something critically important number and size of projects performed for other clients. that if not totally appreciated and understood could Is this firm big enough (or small enough) to handle your have disastrous effects: The outsourced team must projects with the importance they deserve? To you, a show respect for your intellectual property by using project needing a team of 10 engineers may not be appropriate technical, legal, and personnel procedures. small, but try getting even the time of day from a large Ask if they have had situations in which a client’s intel- outsourcing company that has taken on your project lectual property was at risk, what actions they took, and but usually bags projects needing a hundred engineers what the final results were. This one may be difficult for or more. a vendor to come up with. And some may be offended. But that might be a red flag. It all comes down to re- spect. And the law. But remember, when you are work- ing with an overseas company in a foreign land, there are different rules, different laws and, of course, a differ- ent culture you are dealing with. You’ll also want to consider the time difference. This is one factor that many companies totally forget about. But it’s really important. After all, how are you going to work on a project together if the times when you’re From Software without Borders book: awake, they are sleeping? Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 43. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor From the West Coast of the U.S. to India it’s 13.5 hours. It is a little better for the East Coast, en- abling overlap between the East Coast morning and late afternoon in India (8 a.m. EDT is 5:30 p.m. in India). However, if you prefer an overlap with conventional workday hours, you may want to consider Central and South America. Coun- tries in Eastern Europe can have some overlap with the U.S. morning and significant overlap with the Western Europe workday. Definitely something to consider. Now back to the top three criteria… Let’s look at these vendor selection criteria in more detail. As you might expect, the highest priority is the technical ability of the outsourcing vendor. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 44. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor Checking forTechnical Competence You need to go deep into particular details to confirm Generally, the use of .NET and Java requires a more so- that the outsourcing vendor has the experience you phisticated engineering team. C# and Java can support need. Make sure they have successfully completed proj- the creation of complex programs developed by a team ects for other clients using your target technology. of engineers. The scripting languages used in the LAMP It is pretty easy to find outsourcing vendors that spe- stack can be used to create sophisticated programs too. cialize in one or more of the five common technology However, many projects using scripts written in PHP (or stacks—Microsoft .NET, Java, PHP, C/C++, and COBOL. Perl or Python) are relatively small and developed by individual engineers and freelancers. Programming in C and C++ is a relatively specialized skill reserved for device drivers and programs that run on specialized hardware. Software that supports mil- Some will specialize in just one of these, but it is also lions of users on a web site like Google or Yahoo is often common for vendors to have a track record with two or written in C++. This is a different environment than the three. older Microsoft Visual C++. Visual C++ was used to cre- ate smaller programs for use on individual PCs running Windows. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 45. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor Pattern Recognition With more than 25 engineers, the management and communication structure of the group becomes the Another useful technical ability is the use of design pat- dominant success factor. If you need only one or two terns to reduce programming time. Most professional engineers, consider using individual freelance program- software development teams now regularly take advan- mers, found on web sites like Elance, oDesk or RentA- tage of their experience with design patterns as they Coder. begin new projects. Following well-known patterns enables programmers to write code more quickly, while reducing the chance of errors when compared with cre- ating software completely from scratch. You will want your offshore vendor to be familiar with design patterns if you rely on them to make professional technical deci- sions about your software architecture. Keep in mind: Most software is developed by small, agile teams of between 5 and 25 engineers. Fewer than 5 and your success will depend heavily on the qualifica- tions, skill, and experience of the individual engineers. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 46. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor Remember, at the end of the day, you are really hiring Selecting an offshore software development vendor is employees here. Any company, especially in today’s not a simple purchasing exercise. It is an investment in business environment looks at over 500 resumes be- the future of your company. fore they even come up with a short list for filling a new position. They then select 20-30 candidates, do phone interviews with 15 of them and then bring 10 of them in for a series of personal interviews. And that’s just the first phase of the whole thing! Most software is developed by small, agile teams of between 5 and 25 engineers. The process of selecting an outsourcing vendor should be no different. Vigorous, comprehensive, and totally methodical. No stone left unturned. A year long process for many. And a very tiring one at that. But if you save $1-2 million dollars and ensure the long term viability and success of your suite of products and your compa- ny, it will all be well worth it. Very well worth it. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 47. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor Step 3: Select theVendor Selecting the vendor is the toughest part of the whole Vendors on the list should be able to satisfy your most process. You’ve done your research and have a great list important criteria for technical skill, team size, and abil- of companies staring you in the face. But how do you ity to work pull the trigger? How can you hedge your bets to insure and collaborate with you during acceptable hours in that the vendor you choose is the absolute best vendor your day. for your software project? Well, at the end of the day, there is always a risk, but because of everything you’ve This third step is making your final decision. It involves done up to this point, it will be a calculated one. And looking in detail at each vendor to discover which is the remember, what will ultimately determine success is right one for you. Each one will have their plusses and whether or not you build rapport with your outsourced minuses. One that has a phenomenal team in place may team and build a solid relationship based on trust, un- not be lined up with your working schedule. Another derstanding and mutual respect. That can really carry that has good, but not industry leading skills may be the day – in any business relationship. located in your same time zone. You have to weigh it all and ultimately, figure out what the “deal breaker” would By now, you have gotten down to a short list of vendors be. The key is to look at the three R’s of references, to consider further. resumés, and rates. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 48. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor Here are all the tasks, including two optional things you The questions you ask should confirm technical abil- can do to investigate further: ity. What creativity do they exhibit in finding solutions to problems? What is their ability to collaborate? What • Check references kind of specification and ongoing direction is needed? • Examine resumés Were there any problems or issues? Listen carefully to • Negotiate rates and terms their answers. Analyze what they are saying as much as • Visit them (optional) what they aren’t saying. That’s important. • Do a pilot project (optional) Want to find out how their English is? Schedule a phone What others say about your potential vendor speaks interview of the engineers that will be assigned to your volumes, literally. A vendor that has 30-40 clients out project. I have carried out “interviews” by instant mes- there that are raving about them says a lot. And be senger if the engineer does not speak fluent English but aware that you should select only an outsourcing ven- can read and write it. The purpose of the interview is dor that has positive references. The best references are to confirm the engineer’s technical skills and ability to with clients in your own country. But some outsourcing communicate, which clearly are important attributes in teams have done great work and have references only a potential vendor. in other parts of the world. They could still be a good choice. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 49. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor Time for Negotiation! Ah, the money. (and the terms) This is the time that can After all, this could be the start of a long and fruitful make or break a potential project. Of course, the whole relationship, one that pockets you millions of dollars for thing will be a bit easier than some of the negotiations many years. you’ve had with U.S. companies because the costs will be much lower. And that’s a big part of the contract. But, And of course, everyone wants a good deal, and many there’s so much more to negotiating than simply the outsourcing vendors will do their best to negotiate dollars you are paying. There’s the project length, who with you to win your business. However, there is a limit will be working on the project, intellectual property, to how deeply the good vendors will discount. After and much more. Note: Your goal is not to come out the all, they are in business to make a profit, and they have victor, but to have a fair, win-win negotiation. One that overhead of offices, salaries, and equipment to pay for. both parties are happy with and can move forward with These costs are much lower than what you would pay in confidently. So, don’t go into this phase with a “winner the U.S., and that is why offshore outsourcing rates are takes all” mentality. That will most certainly turn off the lower to begin with. vendor. Remember, you’ll be at your best in their eyes if you try to see things from their perspective too. I know, I know, it’s hard for Americans to do, but you must try. It will pay off big time. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 50. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor And how about retaining ownership of all the source And remember, to employ the equivalent team in the code and intellectual property? Important: NEVER EVER U.S. will easily cost you $50 to $60 an hour or more per negotiate these items. They are yours, all yours. The engineer employee and much more for contractors. copyrights for the source should all be assigned to you Offshore outsourcing gives you significant savings even or your company. And the programming work should without negotiating. be completed under a nondisclosure agreement to protect your trade secrets. The significance of this point cannot be overstated. If you don’t cover your bases with this one, it could lead to a huge problem, one that could take years to resolve, if ever. Many cultures have a differ- ent opinion about these types of issues, it’s important The copyrights for the that you make it clear that these items are off the table. source code should all be assigned to your company. Also, don’t bring up the fact that you can get a program- mer in the Ukraine or China or any other place for $8 an hour. This is probably true and is absolutely fine if you just need one programmer for a non-critical project. But, it’s not a fair comparison. If you need an outsourced team, you will also need to pay for the infrastructure and management necessary to support them. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 51. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor Contract Elements This last important step is sometimes a slam dunk, but If they have legal counsel, make no mistake about it, not always. It is the time when any “slight of hand” or their attorneys are writing lopsided agreements, con- discrepancies can come to light. Because even if you tracts that favor them. And they will sometimes do it in have agreed to everything over the phone and have a a very sly way. Of course you say, “they are attorneys!” mutual understanding on every important point, what Bingo. You can never be too cautious. And again, this comes back in writing – and hard to decipher “legalese” is not mentioned to scare you away from overseas out- – can be very different. It happens more frequently than sourcing. It’s really good advice for any agreement, with you might think. And of course, many of us sign con- any company, whether they are located half way around tracts without really even looking at them. Glancing over the world or down the street from you. an agreement doesn’t count. You need to read every word, every section and most importantly, understand it. And some agreements that you see will be shockingly With every section of the agreement, you need to ask one blatant. The worst ones yourself: “does this favor them or us?” Then go the next have so many one-sided section, “does this favor them or us?” Get the point? terms and conditions that any smart company would refuse to do business with a vendor like this immediately. Their so called “standard” agreement may be very “unstandard” indeed! Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 52. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor The Important Elements • Assignment of copyright. This is usually a separate part of the agreement that Your main or master services agreement or MSA should specifically assigns the copyrights of the software include these elements: source code to your company. • Independent contractor relationship. • Nondisclosure obligations. The outsourcing company is an independent contrac- These contain the definition of your proprietary and tor, and its engineers are not your employees. This dis- confidential information and an agreement not to tinction has important tax consequences in the U.S., disclose it. State the length of the agreement and the especially when you are hiring individual contractors. rights of each side to end it. Terms of one or two years Regarding intellectual property rights, you own all that with the ability for either side to terminate with 30 days’ is produced, including source code, inventions, etc. notice are common. And both sides agree not to enter into other agreements that conflict with this one. • Intellectual property rights. • Noninterference with business. You own all intellectual property that is produced, in- This clause specifies that neither party will interfere with cluding source code, inventions, etc. the sales and other business activities of the other’s company or hire away employees of the other for some period of time. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 53. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor • Force majeure. This limits the liability of both parties if work is inter- rupted by major natural disasters, like fire, flood, and hurricane, or by man-made causes such as war, terror- ism, and government regulation or restriction. • Assignment. The outsourcing vendor should be restricted from contracting out (or outsourcing your work) to another vendor without your written permission. • Governing law, jurisdiction, and venue. You want to make sure that if there is an issue that the laws of your own state and country will apply. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 54. How to Select a Software WhenYou Should OutsourcingVendor An Exhibit withWork Details You will usually add at least one exhibit to your master services agreement to cover the details of your out- sourcing engagement. Additional exhibits are used for each separate project you outsource with the vendor. The exhibit will include as much detail as you need to describe the engagement or project. A statement of work, usually copied from the proposal, is included. If a specification or statement of requirements is available, it will also be included. The pricing and payment terms are also included in the exhibit, as is provision for expenses such as travel. In engagements where you have a dedicated team of pro- grammers, there can be a rate schedule for the kinds of engineers that will be assigned to your team. For exam- ple, there can be different rates for technical architects, project managers, junior and senior software develop- ers, test engineers, and so on. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 55. Chapter 4 Conclusion
  • 56. WhenYou Should Conclusion So, what do you think about software outsourcing If you approach your outsourcing project with confi- now? A bit more knowledgeable? Maybe a little more dence and a comprehensive plan, that will make all the confident? I hope that’s the case. It’s my sincere goal to difference in the world. communicate everything there is to know about this complex topic and distill it down to the most impor- But I know your time is limited. You have lots of impor- tant elements. From initially making the decision to tant things to handle in your business. We all do. outsource, to understanding the situations when you should consider it to ultimately selecting a software So, let us help. vendor, hopefully I have provided you with the details you need so you are prepared to go to the next step. As CEO of Accelerance, I have made it my life’s work to You have mastered “Fearless Software Outsourcing” and help companies just like yours navigate the software now know how to partner for application development overseas vendor terrain and “cross the chasm” to out- “Anywhere on Planet Earth”. sourcing success. Software outsourcing should be simple. But, the reality Our company does one thing and one thing only: We is that it is not. There is lots to know and many vendors help U.S. companies locate the right offshore IT out there just waiting for your inquiry. The thing to development resources. know is that preparation and process will carry you far. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 57. WhenYou Should Conclusion With our network of deeply assessed and pre-qualified outsourced software development. That’s our guarantee programming teams and professional software devel- and that gives you the power to get the project done, opment services, we are positioned to help any compa- ahead of schedule and below budget, not the other way ny who needs immediate assistance for any IT project, around. large or small. Any Technology. Any Country. Accelerance provides hassle-free offshore software and Simple and reliable – that’s what it’s all about. Our Rapid IT outsourcing for companies everywhere. Referral program gives you hassle-free, high-quality off- shore software application development that takes ad- Cutting programming costs? Can’t hire great program- vantage of low-cost offshore outsourcing. And you can mers locally? If you’ve exhausted all your options and get started today. With our complimentary consultation, are not sure who to turn to – Accelerance can help. And partner scorecard and referral process and introductory if you’re frustrated by the large, impersonal software conference call, you can be well on your way. outsourcing vendors out there, we understand. At Ac- celerance, we’re different. Our Global Partner Network has the right size vendors you need, providers who will Accelerance guarantees our offshore soft- get the job done on time, on budget and to your total ware development partners will perform. satisfaction. But there’s more: Accelerance guarantees our offshore software development partners will perform. In some cases Accelerance takes complete responsibility for your Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 58. WhenYou Should Conclusion Offshore Software Development Success Stories ChemSW is a small company developing software Dean Haritos, CEO of PushMX just couldn’t get his products for chemical industry. They are based in Cali- outsourcing vendor in China to add enough program- fornia but has a software develo pment team in update mers to get all features they needed in their software New York. It is difficult for the company to find enough product implemented in time. But to switch vendors he Microsoft .NET programmers in Ithaca and they decided expected it would take him 6 months of valuable time. to looking into offshore outsourcing. CEO Brian Stafford In stepped Accelerance and within a day was able to spoke to several vendors and got a wide range of an- recommend three partners in India, Nepal & Vietnam swers to questions about expertise, rates and locations. for Dean’s short list. After a quick evaluation, PushMX It was all very daunting. Luckily Brian found Accelerance ramped-up small team in India in 6 weeks. After com- and ChemSW was able to easily expand their software pletion of an initial pilot project, the PushMX dedicated development capabilities with an Accelerance partner offshore team ranged between 6 to 17 developers over in Costa Rica in a few weeks. 3 years. The full ChemSW story was written up in a Business Week SPECIAL REPORT on February 13, 2009 Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 59. WhenYou Should Conclusion Keith Hardwicke, co-founder of K&L Consulting had a Then Keith contacted Accelerance. We recommended new client that wanted to develop an online job inter- an Accelerance partner in Ukraine with an expert RoR view video system as a 24/7 way to connect people; team. They passed Keith’s test with flying colors and those looking for employees and those looking for a have exceeded his expectations every step of the way job. The new web application would be implemented for speed, quality and even deployment of the web app with Ruby on Rails and Keith new it was too big of a in the cloud .. programming job for just himself. And if he had to hire a team of programmers, he wanted to save money by going offshore. Keith put together a small programming test with a couple dynamic web pages that can easily be created in Ruby on Rails in a day or so of programming. He used it to determine the qualifications of each off- shore vendor he contacted. The first vendor failed the test – the software worked and it was written in Ruby but did not use the Rails framework. It was a major mis- step by the vendor. You can hear Keith’s full story of selecting a software outsourcing vendor and the best way to specify the software you need in the webinar An Accidental Programmer’s Journey to Offshore Development: & the Shortcuts He Learned Along the Way Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 60. WhenYou Should Conclusion Jackie Slovak is the Application Systems Analyst at A careful review of their needs for technology and an Easter Seals-Goodwill Northern Rocky Mountain, Inc. Agile software development methodology enabled (ESGW-NRM), a non-profit organization that is a chapter quick selection of an Accelerance partner in Argentina of both the Easter Seals Disability Services and Good- with workday time zone overlap for collaboration on will Industries national organizations. ESGW-NRM de- the inevitable changes required, despite that perfect velops software in their IT department office in Great spec they started with. Jackie also benefited from the Falls, Montana that gathers and organizes information technical expertise of the partner who recommended in multiple offices in the states of Idaho, Montana, Utah the relatively new MVC architecture rather than less and Wyoming. ESGW-NRM is using offshore outsourcing flexible ASP.NET implementation . to save money while building time-saving applications using Microsoft .NET technology. Jackie and her team created what they thought was the “perfect” specifica- tion for a new application needed for case management to comply with state regulations. But as a non-profit Hear Jackie’s story of transition from a fixed-price outsourcing project to full Agile in the ESGW-NRM could not afford to make mistakes or wrong webinar Over the Waterfall and into the Rapids: A Better Way to Manage the Risks of Outsourced Software Development turns in their outsourcing. Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak
  • 61. WhenYou Should Conclusion Our Expertise isYour Benefit We are the industry leaders for good reason. We know We go to work on our own dime to get it done right and offshore IT outsourcing. With extensive experience inte- on schedule. grating in-house and global outsourced development teams, we have led dramatic cost and time savings for Want to read more? companies everywhere. With more than 25 years of soft- ware development experience, the entire Accelerance Be sure to go to our website at www.accelerance.com team is here for you. to review our webinars, whitepapers, articles and blog posts on important topics in the software outsourcing Only Accelerance has carefully evaluated hundreds of industry. vendors around the world and will recommend the best one for your outsourced software development. You’ll And when you are ready to talk, we are here. get your software completed – the right way - and have We look forward to helping you! the peace of mind you need so you can focus on your core business. Thanks for reading – And, as I mentioned, we stand behind our global part- ners. Should your experience be less than adequate, Accelerance will fix it. No fine print. No finger pointing. Schedule your free phone consultation today. . . No quibbling. Call 1-877-992-2235 x100 60 Fearless Software Outsourcing by Steve Mezak