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Vulnerabilities of forests and forest dependent people
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Vulnerabilities of forests and forest dependent people Peter Minang, FTA, ICRAF Social and environmental justice as a trigger of robust ambitious climate action and prosperous future for all Chilean pavilion, COP 25, Madrid, 7th December 2019
Knowledge Management Specialist at World Agroforestry Centre
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Vulnerabilities of forests and forest dependent people
- Vulnerabilities of forests and forest dependent people Peter Minang, FTA, ICRAF Social and environmental justice as a trigger of robust ambitious climate action and prosperous future for all Chilean pavilion, COP 25, Madrid, 7th December 2019
- Forest dependent people • People who live in and around natural forests, dependent on forest resources for their livelihoods. • People who live in proximity to forests, • People who dependent on agriculture that depends on ecosystem services. • People that depend on ecosystem services
- Why Vulnerable people? • 1.2 Billion People completely depend on forests for their livelihoods- often with unclear rights to these forests; • 1 Billion Ha of land is under agroforestry world wide; • About 900 Million to 1.5 Billion Peoples livelihoods depend on agroforestry products- the majority of which are poor people; • Therefore any climate induced transitions impacting these groups of people would have to ensure they are not impacted negatively. • Reasons why vulnerability assessments are important in identifying and seeking solutions.
- Content 1) Introduction 2) Objective, scope, means of a VA 3) Situation and state of forest 4) Institutions, governance 5) Forest dependent people 6) CC and risks 7) Impacts of CC on forests 8) Impacts of CC on forest dependent people 9) Results 10) Good practices for VA
- Current state • biophysical situation • biological composition of the forest • current state of the forest • forest’s functions and services • other trends and potential vulnerabilities • Legal status, institutions, governance
- Risks and vulnerabilites • Direct effects: alteration in temperature patterns, heat waves, droughts, frost and windthrow, wildfires. • Indirect effects: effects on production or ecosystem functioning caused by changes in non-tree species such as pollinators, pests, disease vectors and invasive species. • Impacts from human activities, such as land-use conversion and unsustainable land-use practices, Including those generated by transitions
- Potential Transition issues • Issues of land and tree rights for indigenous, forest and agroforestry dependent people in relation to REDD+, Restoration etc; • BECCS land and water requirement issues versus competition for land issues; • Bioenergy scaling-up and competition for food supply and ecosystem services from forests and agroforestry…… • etc
- Good principles for vulnerability assessments • Scope (all vulnerabilities) • Methods (qualitative and quantitative) • Inclusiveness (stakeholders • Collaboration • Transparency
- The CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA) is the world’s largest research for development program to enhance the role of forests, trees and agroforestry in sustainable development and food security and to address climate change. CIFOR leads FTA in partnership with Bioversity International, CATIE, CIRAD, ICRAF, INBAR and TBI. With support from the CGIAR Fund Donors: http://on.cgiar.org/CGIARFundDonors
Notas do Editor
- Impacts of CC on forests are already apparent all over the world. Drought, fires, perturbations of ecosystems, pests will threaten the capacity of forests to provide the goods and services on which more then 1,6 billion people depend (or on which we all depend). Immediate action is needed to create the conditions for adaptation of forests and forest dependent people. Assessing vulnerability of forests and forest dependent people is indispensable to ground adaptation actions. Forests and trees have a crucial role to play in adaptation of agriculture, landscapes and cities. Forest and trees are essential to the adaptation of the most vulnerable populations in both rural areas and cities.
- The present framework builds on the wide range of methods to provide a single common approach that can be used in a broad range of situations. The aim is to guide practitioners in conducting a step-by-step analysis, to ensure that no critical point is missed and to facilitate the choice and use of appropriate tools and methods. It considers successively: (see slide) The framework methodology is aimed at practitioners (including forest owners, managers and administrators in the private and public sectors and in community forestry organizations), land-use planners and other actors and institutions that conduct vulnerability assessments with a forest- and tree-related component.
- A vulnerability assessment should answer the question “what (or who) is vulnerable to what”: Which people and activities and/or species and processes are vulnerable? Where are the vulnerable people and systems located? Who or what will experience the greatest consequences (economic or social) because of their vulnerability? Where and for whom might climate change result in opportunities and benefits?
- the assessment begins with analysis of the biophysical situation, the biological composition of the forest, the current state of the forest, and the forest’s functions and services. The assessment should also consider legal status, governance and institutions as well as other trends and potential vulnerabilities besides those associated with climate change, in order to envisage how vulnerabilities might interact and evolve in the future. Of particular importance are the duration, stability and protection of tenure rights. It is also important to take into account any non-written customary rules that may govern access to the forest and its resources;
- Impacts on forests and trees may be direct or indirect. Direct impacts include consequences of weather changes or events such as alteration in temperature patterns, heat waves, droughts, frost and windthrow. Indirect impacts include effects on production or ecosystem functioning caused by changes in non-tree species such as pollinators, pests, disease vectors and invasive species. Impacts from human activities, such as land-use conversion and unsustainable land-use practices, should also be considered along with those from climate change, as the vulnerabilities are likely to interact.
- assessments should: call on varied, flexible and multidisciplinary inputs while integrating local knowledge; be specific to a place and its related context, while paying attention to scale issues and interactions; recognize multiple and interacting drivers of change (and thus of potential vulnerability); account for differential adaptive capacities; be based on both prospective and historical information; incorporate a significant range of parameters in building quantitative and qualitative pictures of the processes and outcomes of vulnerability.
- At this stage, an integrated approach can now be used to draw conclusions about some of the main points of vulnerability of forest-dependent people to climate change, highlighting the pathways through which impacts translate from forest to people, and thus the critical points for intervention. This approach enables actors to identify adaptation measures that can best addressed the identified vulnerabilities. Importantly many of these are linked to the enabling environement for adaptive management: institutions, secure tenure for instance.
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