15. ‘ Shade coffee’ supports diversity of avifauna in the landscape. Agroforestry for Biodiversity: ‘Shade’ coffee
16. 100 0 100 200 300 400 Primary Forest Managed forest Tree-based systems Crops, Pastures, Grasslands Vegetation Carbon Soil Carbon (Mg ha -1 ) From ASB Climate Change Working Group,Palm et al. AF in the Humid Tropics & C Stocks
22. Fencing is a major cause of deforestation in drier areas. Live fences are alternatives to dead fences—limit tree clearance—and are sources of income . LIVE FENCES Jatropha
Demonstrates how improved fallows improved soil fertility
Depicts nodules on “fertilizer tress”. The fertilizer tree here is Sesbania sesban.
Shows the trend over time. The Miombo has been cleared for agriculture. Continuous cropping of the cultivated land has mined the land of nutrients. Short term grass fallows (up to 5 years) are traditionally used to allow the land to recover, but the resultant yields are still inadequate. The problem of poor yields for farmers who cannot afford fertilizer can be overcome by adopting improved fallows or other agroforestry options that fix nitrogen—the most limiting nutrient in the region and also improve infiltration.
The demand for wood products to meet basic household needs is very high, yet the supply is declining. Woodlots have been tested as agroforestry technologies to contribute towards addressing this problem. ICRAF’s work on woodlots in Southern Africa is concentrated in Tanzania ( Tabora and Shinyanga).
A five year old acacia crassicarpa woodlot. The woodlots are rotational. That is, they are planted in rotation with Maize to exploit the nitrogen fixing benefits of the trees.
For more information, I refer you to his and Jeff Sayer’s book: The Science of Sustainable Development. Local Livelihoods and the Global Environment . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. (2004).
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