DESCRIBE ABOUT 12 SOIL ORDER CHRYSANTHEMUM https://youtu.be/58tuqy_1SgY ANTHURIUM https://youtu.be/DcbomK21Dm0 FLOWER SHOWS IN INDIA https://youtu.be/9VoTHd4qmmY ANNUAL FLOWERS https://youtu.be/NqlQCuCbndk SHRUBS FOR GARDENING https://youtu.be/U6w6mIt8y0g TREES FOR GARDENING https://youtu.be/xVrTnRfIi_k FLOWER ARRANGEMENT https://youtu.be/uvT-kI_wah4

1. SOIL ORDER
NONSENSE SYMBOL ???

2. 12
SOIL TAXONOMY

3. The soil taxonomy used in the U.S. recognizes 12 major soil
groups, called soil orders
Most agronomic and ecosystem studies classify soils to the
level of a soil series (similar profile characteristics such as
type, thickness, and properties of the soil horizons)
Soil series can be further subdivided into types based on
the texture
 Soil series can be further subdivided into phases based on
information such as landscape position, stoniness, and
salinity

4. Trrifolium repens Vs SOIL Miami series

5. Soil order DERIVATIO
N
Major characteristics Typical
occurrence
Entisols Ent : non-
sense
No well-developed
horizons
Sand deposits,
plowed fields
Inceptisols Ept :
beginning
Weakly developed soils Young or
eroded soils
Histosols Histos:
tissue
Highly organic; low
oxygen
Peatland, bog
Gelisol Gelid :
very cold
Presence of permafrost Tundra, boreal
forest

6. Andisols Ando :
black soil
From volcanic ejecta;
moderately developed
horizons
Recent volcanic areas
Aridisols Aridus : dry Dry soils with little leaching Arid areas
Mollisols Mollis : soft Deep, dark-colored A horizon
with >50% base saturation
Grasslands, some
deciduous forests
Vertisols Verto : turn High content (>30%) of
swelling clays; crack deeply
when dry
Grassland with distinct
wet and dry seasons
Alfisols Alf :
nonsense
symbol
Enough precipitation to leach
clays into a B horizon; >50%
base saturation
Moist forests;
shrublands

7. Spodosols Spodos :
wood ash
Sandy leached (E)
horizon; acidic B
horizon; surface organic
accumulation
Cold, wet
climates, usually
beneath conifer
forests
Ultisols Ultimus :
last
Clay-rich B horizon, low
base saturation
Wet
tropical/subtropic
al climate; forest
or savanna
Oxisols oxide Highly leached horizon
on old landforms
Hot, humid
tropics beneath
forests

10. Four generalizations emerge from this broad comparison of soil
orders:
Nearly half (40%) of Earth’s soils show minimal soil
development and therefore largely reflect the properties of
their parent material and current climate.
Wet environments tend to produce acidic leached soils,
whereas dry environments produce basic ones in which
cations accumulate.

11. Weathering and soil formation occur most rapidly in
warm, wet climates, where plant productivity is
greatest. Weathering is accentuated with time.
The quantity, quality, and turnover rate of soil organic
matter are sensitive to climate and strongly influence
soil fertility and other soil properties