Oromia Seed Enterprise (OSE) was established in 2006 to be the leading seed business in Africa. It has 3 branches and works to generate, communicate, and disseminate seed technology information. OSE collaborates with research centers, cooperatives, projects, and government offices. Key achievements include improved agronomic practices, increased productivity up to 60 quintals/ha, quality seed production and sales, and addressing challenges like stem rust. Priority weeds are managed through sanitation, cultivation, grazing, and herbicides. OSE will work with Africa RISING on seed technology, animal feed, and vegetable seed production over 5 years.

1. OROMIA SEED ENTERPRISE (OSE)
Africa RISING Training of Trainers (ToT) Workshop
Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Oromia, 2-4 May 2017
Muluken Aschalew
Oromia Seed Enterprise

2. Introduction
 OSE established by oromia regional Government state at
2006 E.C
 It have contains 3 branches
OSE
Bale Branch
Arsi Branch
Wolega
Branch

3. 1. Vision and Mission of OSE
Vision :-To be the leading and chosen seed business
Enterprise in Africa by the year 2018 E.C.
Mission:- Generating, communicating and disseminating
seed Technology information on utilization and
producing, processing and marketing standards quality
seed of improved verities, taking in to account the
divers agro ecology, market based and customer
demand with committed and skilled management and
employees through bringing sustainable, efficient
utilization of resource ,strengthening stakeholders to
maximize benefit of beneficiaries.

4. 2. Stakeholder (Collaboration ) of OSE
Stakeholder
of OSE
D/f Agricultural
Research Center
Cooperatives
Unions
Seed sales
Agents(Agro
dealers)
Projects & NGO
(CIMMYT, ATA
,Africa RISING..)
Agri office(Zonal
&woreda)

5. 3. General overview of OSE bale branch Farm centers
Farms
place Total
Land
holding
capacity
(Hek)
Cultivate
d
Area(He)
Distance (KM)
Averag
RF
Distn
Altit
ude
Zone
Wored
a
From
Brach
office
From
Addis
Abeba
Hereroo W/Arsi Dodola 3,440.30 3,266.45 103 315 510 2,365
Hunxee ” Adaba 2,194.23 2,054 85 349 757 2,380
Sinaanaa Bale Sinana 4,059.20 3,850.3 42 454 488 2,470
Roobee ” ” 2,635.06 2,464.5 14 426 632 2,470
Branch
office
Robe town Robe
- - - 412 - -
S/total - - 12328.79 11635.25 - - - -

6. 4. Key Achievement of OSE on Seed Multiplication
A. Improve Agronomic activity
1. Scale up seed bed preparation
 Dry Plough
 Crop rotation
 Fallowing
 Use of Block based strategy
2. Scale up time of sowing and seed rate management
 Seed rate managed by
-time of sowing
-Use of quality seed
-effective utilization of fertilizers
-effective weed management

7. Key Achievement…..
NB Wheat growth responds at certain stages
 Before tillering there is three leafs
-After sowing - at 7 gereminate
- After germinate - at 4 days 1 st leaf emerge
- after 1 st leaf - at 4 days 2 nd leaf emerge
- after 2 nd leaf - at 4 days 3 rd leaf emerge
 At 19 DAS wheat crops starts tillering.
4 days
e.g 4 days
4 days Crop modeling& Leaf calendars
7 day

8. Achievement………
Effective weed and disease management
 Herbicide Application:- Apply 14-18 DAE
 Fungicide Application:- Apply at early (at the time of sign
occurrence not symptoms)
Effective fertilization Application (Top dressing 26-30)
DAS
 Top dressing application:- at early tillering time
DAP -100 Kg/ha
UREA -100Kg/ha (split)
 Trends of seed rate managements
BR/ PB:- 1.5 1.25 1 kg/ha
BS :- 1.75 1.5 1.25 kg/ha
C1:- 2.00 1.75 1.5 kg/ha

9. Achievement………
Seed rate (Kg/ha) S 1-80 S2-90 S3-100 S4-120 S5-140
Nitrogen /UREA/
rate( kg/ha)
N0-
control
N1-100 N2-120 N3-140 N4-150
NB. S- Seed rate , N- Nitrogen fertilizer/UREA
Seed and Fertilizer Rate Assessment Trial
The following treatments were including in the evaluation.

10. Yield/ha (Qt)
Seed rate
(dendea)
(kg/ha)
Nitrogen Fertilizer level (kg/ha)
Mean
No 0 N1 100 N2 120 N3 140 N4 150
S1 80 27.08 30.56 50.24 41.72 47.16 39.4
S2 90 31.20 47.20 38.40 43.20 30.44 38.08
S3 100 28.40 33.20 36.16 65.80 28.80 38.47
S4 120 9.20 44.72 35.20 59.04 41.80 38
S5 140 12.80 28.48 41.52 57.08 29.20 33.81
Mean 12.8 28.48 41.52 57.08 29.2

11. Main Achievement of OSE...
5. Increase productivity
Crop Productivity
(Qt/ha) during
2008/09 season
Total seed
produce
2008/9
crop
season
Total seed planed
for seed
preparation and
sales
Per/block Average processed sales
Wheat 50-60 33.33-43.32 176715.96 143280
Barley 56-60 35-45 35452.42 362
F/bean 15-25 15-20 8974.78 1327
Linseed 10 10 31 31
Total 221,174.5 152,632 145,000

12. Varieties selection Trials (2008/09)
Crop Seed source Seed rate Yield /ha Remark
Type Varaties
Wheat Motii Bakko 1 45.7
Abdisa Bakko 1 32.85
Wanee(6130 Kulumsa 1 54.28
Lemu Kulumsa 1 32.6
Liban Bakko 1 33.84
utuba Bakko 1 27.67
Barley Cross41/98 Holota 1 42
1
CH-1493 Holota 1 30
1
CH-1847 Holota 1 34
1
ABOM-174/3 Holota 1 44
1
Barley
Quest - 1 70

13. Quality seed, uniform establishment
Faster growth and establishment
Better competition with weeds
Disease escape and better yield
Fast germination rate, vigorous
Mechanical planting (drilling, uniform
emergence)

14. At the time of Early Herbicide Application

15. Top Dressing Fertilizer Application

16. Harvesting Quality seed

17. Achievement of OSE……
B. Seed sales and Distribution Activities
1. (Supply) Sustainably increase the availability of
cereals and pulse crop seed in target areas (farmers)
2. (Demand) Motivate smallholder farmers demand ,
especially women farmers, to take up new wheat
varieties.
3. (Seed Technology promotion Management)
Enhance farmers seed technology utilization

18. 1. Direct seed Marketing situation
Distribution chain reduced
1
1
1
1
2
Producers/Manufacturer
Agents/Dealers
Customer(End user)

19. 2. Indirect Marketing Situation
19
MOA
BOA
District AO
Zonal AO
Kebele
Farmer
Seed
Producers Public
Private
Coop. Unions
10 Cooperatives
Demand
Allocation
Distribution

20. D/f crop seed varieties Available at OSE..
crop No of varieties
Bread wheat 17
Durum wheat 7
Malt Barley 4
Food Barley 2
F/bean 7
Maize 7-9
linseed 4

21. C. Major challenges of seed production
• Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici)
Host – wheat (other forms infect
barley & triticale).
Alternate host – Berberis
Symptoms – Elongate, reddish-
brown uredia on upper & lower
leaf surface, stem and
spikes.
Loose epidermal tissue at
the margin of pustules
Opt .temp – 18-300C
Opt. Alt. - < 2400m

22. challenges of seed production
• Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici)
Host – wheat (other forms infect barley,
triticale & rye)
Alternate host – Recently discovered
Symptom – Uredia in narrow, yellow stripes
on leaves & spikelet's. Head infection -
pustules on inner surface of glumes &
lemmas. Prevalent at high altitudes
Uredospores large yellow/orange
Opt. Temp. : 9-130C
Opt. Alt. - >2400m

23. challenges of seed production ….
Septoria leaf & blotches
• Septoria leaf blotch
– Pathogen: Septoria tritici (Perfect
stage: Mycosphaerella graminicola)
– Symptoms: First appears as small,
irregular reddish brown leaf spot
restricted by veins of the leaf. As the
disease progresses, the lesions extend
and merge, eventually expanding
across the leaf, often resulting in
complete necrosis on which dark
pycnidia appear. The disease usually
appears on the lower leaves first and
spread to upper leaves. Seeds from
infected plants are shriveled.

24. challenges of seed production….
• Leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici or P.
triticina)
Host – Wheat (other forms infect
rye, triticale & grasses)
Alternate host – Thalictrum,
Anchusa, Isopyrum, Clematis
Symptom – Red, oval-shaped
uredia on upper leaf surface
Opt. temp.: 15-250C
Opt. Alt. – more widely adapted
than others

25. Cyperus rotundus L.

26. Bromus pectinatus/gench;wavilo/

27. Snowdenia polystachya/muja/

28. Argemone mexicana

29. Problem in Indirect marketing
Long supply-chain(Manufacturer-Exporter-importer-
wholesaler-Retailer-consumer).
 Mismatch b/n demand and supply
 Untimely delivery
 Lack of accountability among seed value-chain actors
 Increase fake products(Decrease quality)
 Low and Inadequate farmers awareness on improved
varieties

30. Response Tactics
for Priority Weeds management

31. Grass Weeds

32. Sanitation Measures
Use uncontaminated crop seeds and tillage
and processing equipment
Straw burning

33. Cultural and Mechanical practices
Plough under weeds and prepare seedbeds immediately
before planting
Use proper sowing time
Rotate crop plants and manage soil fertility.
Crop rotation can be an effective for weed management
strategy.

34. Biological agents
Graze fields lying fallow using large animals -
cattle, goat, sheep.
Most grass weeds can be used as forage
grasses.

35. chemical application
Herbicides Fungicides
1.Pallas 0.5 lit/ha Rex-due
2. Atlatis 1-1.33 lit/ha Tilt
3. Derby 1lit/ha Natura
4. Axial 1 lit/ha Opera max
5. 2-4-D Type Mangozeb
Equation Pro

36. chemical application
 Herbicides
1.Pallas 0.5 lit/ha
2. Atlatis 1-1.33 lit/ha
3. Derby 1lit/ha
4. Axial 1 lit/ha
5. 2-4-D Type
 Fungicide
1. Rex-due
2. Tilt
3. Oper max
4. Natura
5. Mangozeb
6. Equation pro

37. Thematic Areas work with Africa RISING Project for next 5 years
1. By scale upping improved cereals and pulses seed
technology
 By facilitating Early generation seed source
 Seed multiplication(OSE)
 Demonstration (Arranging field day)
 Seed distribution extension ( improved seed technology)
 Seed technology utilization and information
dissemination.
2. Animal feed production
 supply of dry mater by using belle machine
 Forage and seed production for Animals food
3. Vegetables seed multiplication
 Potato and others vegetables