2. The word “Diversity "mean “variation”
Definition
The variability among the plants form the marine
or aquatic ecosystem is called as Marine plant
diversity.
It includes diversity within species, between
species and of an ecosystem
3. 5-30 million species are estimated in the world
1.7 million species are nomenclature
Which is 13% of the total species (250 years)
1.2 million are animal
0.5 million are plants
Every year 15,000 species are discovered
4. Oceans occupy 70% of earth
Almost 71% biodiversity live in water
About 5 million species are lives oceans (unclassified)
Over 50% of humans live in the coastal zone
Marine plants are few in number it includes algae, sea
grasses and see weeds etc
5. Marine plants are of two major types
Sea grasses and algae
Sea grasses are the complex type
algae are the simplest type
Sea grasses are
Algae are Chlorophyta, Rodophyta,Pheophyta etc
7. Phytoplankton are the smallest (single celled) plants
Diatoms forms glassy microscopic cells forms chains
Few marine are angiosperms which are found near the
tropical coasts
Chlorophyta are the most common type of marine plants
About 200,000 algae species are exist
While 36,000 have been identified
8. Red algae have pigment Phycoerythrin
They are largest & diverse
They are adhere to the corals thus creating reefs
9. Marine plants live near the sea shores, salt marshes
and open seas worldwide
Gaint kelps found in south pacific in warm
coastal water
10. It may be found in ice
i.e ice algae found live in floating sheets
11. Algae may live inside marine animals
they may have a symbiotic relationship
i.e. between algae and corals
Corals secrets enzymes to algae which release
carbohydrates while algae to received N2 form
corals waste
Algae are also shaded from sunlight by coral
pigments
12. Species have different physical and biological
requirments
E.g
Some algae grows in optimally in sunlight
while some prefer low light.
It meant that one make a crown while other
grow in a shadow of that plant .
13. So that there are two ramifications
1- two forms can live without depriving the
other needs
Together they would more food for others
species than form alone
This use of complementary use of resources
are also called as complementary effect .
14. oceans represent 95% of the earth’s
biosphere
70% oxygen are produced by marine plants
which are regulated in atmosphere
As a sources of nutrients i.e DHA
Docosahexaaenoic acid found in human milk
About 40% of the baby formula are made by
these algae
15. Algae Duanliella bardawil contains B-
carotene which are converted into Vitamin-
A by human body
Red algae are used in seaweed drinks also
use for thickeners for cooking
16. Food resources i.e agriculture fish & seafood
biomedicals research . Certains
Pharmaceutical products are obtain
Industries: textiles , buildings materials and
cosmetics
Tourism and recreations i.e beaches,
forests, etc
17. The marine environment provides us with
Natural beauty (used for recreation)
Goods (food, medicine, drugs, energy)
Services (e.g. moderation of climate and
weather
Employment (e.g. fisheries, tourism)
Sense of Stewardship/Cultural identity
Education on evolution, ecology
18. Increasing the human populations out of
balance the scale of natural resources
Heavy consumptions and exploitation of
natural resources
Destruction of ecosystem and habitat due to
urbanization
water Pollution
Global climate change
Ecological disaster i.e. large scale fire and
floods
19. It has been estimated that about 17,000 to
100,000 species are eliminated each year
In these extinction majority includes plants
This happing due to the human activity
20. • A Mass Extinction is an event in which very
large numbers of species die out in a relatively
short period of time
• An estimated 34,000 plant and 5,200 animal
species - including one in eight of the world's
bird species – currently face extinction
21. • 1972 United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP)
Regional & international agreements to tackle
biodiversity issues (e.g. protecting wetlands
and regulating trade in endangered species);
helped to slow the destruction but have not
reversed it
22. 1987 World Commission on Environment &
Development
"Humanity has the ability to make development
sustainable-to ensure that it meets needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs"
23. 1992 Rio Earth Summit-Convention on
Biological Diversity
Agreement to conserve biological diversity, to use its
components in a sustainable way, and to ensure fair and
equitable sharing of benefits from the use of genetic
resources. Ratified by over 175 countries