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Semelhante a 4236426.ppt (20)
4236426.ppt
- 3. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 2
Learning Objectives
Name the organs of the respiratory
system and describe their location and
function.
Identify various pathological conditions
that affect the system.
Recognize medical terms that pertain
to respiration.
- 4. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 3
Learning Objectives (cont’d.)
Identify clinical procedures and
abbreviations related to the system.
Apply your new knowledge to
understanding medical terms in their
proper contexts, such as medical
reports and records.
- 6. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 5
Introduction
Respiration
mechanical process of breathing
exchange of air between lungs and
environment
- 7. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 6
Introduction (cont’d.)
External respiration: exchange of air in
lung capillaries
oxygen inhaled into the air sacs of the
lungs
immediately passes into capillaries
carbon dioxide passes from capillaries
into air sacs, to be exhaled
- 8. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 7
Introduction (cont’d.)
Internal respiration: exchange of gases
in the cells
occurs simultaneously between cells and
capillaries
oxygen passes out of the bloodstream
into the tissues
carbon dioxide passes out of tissues
back into the bloodstream to travel to the
lungs
- 9. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 8
Inhalation and Expiration
- 10. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 9
Respiratory Anatomy
Mediastinum: middle of chest where
trachea divides into two branches
Bronchi: each leads to a separate
lung
Lungs: lobes are not mirror images
Hilum: blood vessels, nerves,
lymphatic tissue, and bronchial tubes
enter and exit
- 11. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 10
Anatomy of Respiration
- 12. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 11
Respiratory Structures
Conduct air
Nose
Nasal cavities
and paranasal
sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Exchange gases
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lung capillaries
- 13. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 12
Respiratory
Flow Chart
- 14. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 13
Combining Forms
adenoid/o
alveol/o
bronch/o
bronchi/o
bronchiol/o
capn/o
coni/o
cyan/o
epiglott/o
laryng/o
lob/o
mediastin/o
nas/o
orth/o
ox/o
pector/o
pharyng/o
phon/o
phren/o
pleur/o
pneum/o
pneumon/o
pulmon/o
rhin/o
sinus/o
spir/o
tel/o
thorac/o
tonsill/o
trache/o
- 15. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 14
Suffixes
-ema
-osmia
-pnea
-ptysis
-sphyxia
-thorax
- 16. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 15
Chapter 12
Lesson 12.2
- 17. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 16
Diagnostic Terms
auscultation
percussion
pleural rub
rales (crackles)
sputum
stridor
wheezes
- 18. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 17
Pathological Terms
Upper Respiratory
Disorders
croup
diphtheria
epistaxis
pertussis
Bronchial Tube
Disorders
asthma
bronchiectasis
bronchogenic
carcinoma
chronic bronchitis
cystic fibrosis
- 19. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 18
Pathological Terms (cont’d.)
Lung Disorders
atelectasis
emphysema
pneumoconiosis
pneumonia
pulmonary
abscess
pulmonary edema
pulmonary
embolism (PE)
pulmonary fibrosis
sarcoidosis
tuberculosis (TB)
- 20. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 19
Pathological Terms,
Lung Disorders (cont’d.)
Atelectasis
Two forms
Proximal
obstruction of
distal airways
Accumulations
of fluid, blood,
or air in pleural
cavity
- 21. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 20
Pathological Terms (cont’d.)
Pleural Disorders
mesothelioma
pleural effusion
pleurisy (pleuritis)
pneumothorax
- 22. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 21
Pathological Terms,
Pleural Disorders (cont’d.)
Pneumothorax: Air
gathers in the
pleural cavity
- 23. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 22
For Spelling and Meaning
anthracosis
asbestosis
bacilli
chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease
(COPD)
cor pulmonale
exudate
hydrothorax
palliative
paroxysmal
pulmonary
infarction
purulent
rhonchi
silicosis
- 24. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 23
Chapter 12
Lesson 12.3
- 25. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 24
Clinical Procedures
X-rays
chest x-ray
computed tomography (CT scan of the
chest)
pulmonary angiography
- 26. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 25
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
X-rays:
radiographic
imaging
- 27. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 26
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI):
Magnetic waves create images
- 28. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 27
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Radioactive Test
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan:
inhalation of radioactive gas for imaging,
followed by injection of different
radioactive material for imaging
- 29. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 28
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Bronchioscopy: endoscope to bronchial tubes
for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of
specimens
- 30. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 29
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Endotracheal
intubation:
placement of tube
from mouth to
trachea to establish
airway
- 31. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 30
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
laryngoscopy
lung biopsy
mediastinoscopy
pulmonary
function tests
(PFTs)
thoracentesis
thoracotomy
thorascopy
tracheostomy
tuberculin test
tube
thoracostomy
- 32. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 31
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Thoracentesis: surgical puncture to
remove fluid from pleural space
- 33. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 32
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Tracheostomy: creation of opening to
trachea through the neck