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Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 12
The Respiratory System
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 2
Learning Objectives
Name the organs of the respiratory
system and describe their location and
function.
Identify various pathological conditions
that affect the system.
Recognize medical terms that pertain
to respiration.
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 3
Learning Objectives (cont’d.)
Identify clinical procedures and
abbreviations related to the system.
Apply your new knowledge to
understanding medical terms in their
proper contexts, such as medical
reports and records.
Chapter 12
Lesson 12.1
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 5
Introduction
Respiration
mechanical process of breathing
exchange of air between lungs and
environment
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 6
Introduction (cont’d.)
External respiration: exchange of air in
lung capillaries
oxygen inhaled into the air sacs of the
lungs
immediately passes into capillaries
carbon dioxide passes from capillaries
into air sacs, to be exhaled
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 7
Introduction (cont’d.)
Internal respiration: exchange of gases
in the cells
 occurs simultaneously between cells and
capillaries
 oxygen passes out of the bloodstream
into the tissues
 carbon dioxide passes out of tissues
back into the bloodstream to travel to the
lungs
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 8
Inhalation and Expiration
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 9
Respiratory Anatomy
Mediastinum: middle of chest where
trachea divides into two branches
Bronchi: each leads to a separate
lung
Lungs: lobes are not mirror images
Hilum: blood vessels, nerves,
lymphatic tissue, and bronchial tubes
enter and exit
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 10
Anatomy of Respiration
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 11
Respiratory Structures
Conduct air
Nose
Nasal cavities
and paranasal
sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Exchange gases
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lung capillaries
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 12
Respiratory
Flow Chart
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 13
Combining Forms
adenoid/o
alveol/o
bronch/o
bronchi/o
bronchiol/o
capn/o
coni/o
cyan/o
epiglott/o
laryng/o
lob/o
mediastin/o
nas/o
orth/o
ox/o
pector/o
pharyng/o
phon/o
phren/o
pleur/o
pneum/o
pneumon/o
pulmon/o
rhin/o
sinus/o
spir/o
tel/o
thorac/o
tonsill/o
trache/o
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 14
Suffixes
-ema
-osmia
-pnea
-ptysis
-sphyxia
-thorax
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 15
Chapter 12
Lesson 12.2
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 16
Diagnostic Terms
auscultation
percussion
pleural rub
rales (crackles)
sputum
stridor
wheezes
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 17
Pathological Terms
Upper Respiratory
Disorders
croup
diphtheria
epistaxis
pertussis
Bronchial Tube
Disorders
asthma
bronchiectasis
bronchogenic
carcinoma
chronic bronchitis
cystic fibrosis
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 18
Pathological Terms (cont’d.)
Lung Disorders
atelectasis
emphysema
pneumoconiosis
pneumonia
pulmonary
abscess
 pulmonary edema
 pulmonary
embolism (PE)
 pulmonary fibrosis
 sarcoidosis
 tuberculosis (TB)
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 19
Pathological Terms,
Lung Disorders (cont’d.)
Atelectasis
Two forms
Proximal
obstruction of
distal airways
Accumulations
of fluid, blood,
or air in pleural
cavity
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 20
Pathological Terms (cont’d.)
Pleural Disorders
mesothelioma
pleural effusion
pleurisy (pleuritis)
pneumothorax
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 21
Pathological Terms,
Pleural Disorders (cont’d.)
Pneumothorax: Air
gathers in the
pleural cavity
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 22
For Spelling and Meaning
 anthracosis
 asbestosis
 bacilli
 chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease
(COPD)
 cor pulmonale
 exudate
 hydrothorax
 palliative
 paroxysmal
 pulmonary
infarction
 purulent
 rhonchi
 silicosis
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 23
Chapter 12
Lesson 12.3
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 24
Clinical Procedures
X-rays
chest x-ray
computed tomography (CT scan of the
chest)
pulmonary angiography
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 25
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
X-rays:
radiographic
imaging
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 26
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI):
Magnetic waves create images
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 27
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Radioactive Test
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan:
inhalation of radioactive gas for imaging,
followed by injection of different
radioactive material for imaging
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 28
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Bronchioscopy: endoscope to bronchial tubes
for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of
specimens
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 29
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Endotracheal
intubation:
placement of tube
from mouth to
trachea to establish
airway
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 30
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
laryngoscopy
lung biopsy
mediastinoscopy
pulmonary
function tests
(PFTs)
thoracentesis
thoracotomy
thorascopy
tracheostomy
tuberculin test
tube
thoracostomy
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 31
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Thoracentesis: surgical puncture to
remove fluid from pleural space
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 32
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Tracheostomy: creation of opening to
trachea through the neck

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4236426.ppt

  • 1. . Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 2. Chapter 12 The Respiratory System Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 3. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 2 Learning Objectives Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their location and function. Identify various pathological conditions that affect the system. Recognize medical terms that pertain to respiration.
  • 4. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 3 Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Identify clinical procedures and abbreviations related to the system. Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records.
  • 6. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 5 Introduction Respiration mechanical process of breathing exchange of air between lungs and environment
  • 7. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 6 Introduction (cont’d.) External respiration: exchange of air in lung capillaries oxygen inhaled into the air sacs of the lungs immediately passes into capillaries carbon dioxide passes from capillaries into air sacs, to be exhaled
  • 8. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 7 Introduction (cont’d.) Internal respiration: exchange of gases in the cells  occurs simultaneously between cells and capillaries  oxygen passes out of the bloodstream into the tissues  carbon dioxide passes out of tissues back into the bloodstream to travel to the lungs
  • 9. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 8 Inhalation and Expiration
  • 10. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 9 Respiratory Anatomy Mediastinum: middle of chest where trachea divides into two branches Bronchi: each leads to a separate lung Lungs: lobes are not mirror images Hilum: blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and bronchial tubes enter and exit
  • 11. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 10 Anatomy of Respiration
  • 12. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 11 Respiratory Structures Conduct air Nose Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses Pharynx Larynx Trachea Exchange gases Bronchioles Alveoli Lung capillaries
  • 13. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 12 Respiratory Flow Chart
  • 14. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 13 Combining Forms adenoid/o alveol/o bronch/o bronchi/o bronchiol/o capn/o coni/o cyan/o epiglott/o laryng/o lob/o mediastin/o nas/o orth/o ox/o pector/o pharyng/o phon/o phren/o pleur/o pneum/o pneumon/o pulmon/o rhin/o sinus/o spir/o tel/o thorac/o tonsill/o trache/o
  • 15. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 14 Suffixes -ema -osmia -pnea -ptysis -sphyxia -thorax
  • 16. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 15 Chapter 12 Lesson 12.2
  • 17. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 16 Diagnostic Terms auscultation percussion pleural rub rales (crackles) sputum stridor wheezes
  • 18. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 17 Pathological Terms Upper Respiratory Disorders croup diphtheria epistaxis pertussis Bronchial Tube Disorders asthma bronchiectasis bronchogenic carcinoma chronic bronchitis cystic fibrosis
  • 19. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 18 Pathological Terms (cont’d.) Lung Disorders atelectasis emphysema pneumoconiosis pneumonia pulmonary abscess  pulmonary edema  pulmonary embolism (PE)  pulmonary fibrosis  sarcoidosis  tuberculosis (TB)
  • 20. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 19 Pathological Terms, Lung Disorders (cont’d.) Atelectasis Two forms Proximal obstruction of distal airways Accumulations of fluid, blood, or air in pleural cavity
  • 21. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 20 Pathological Terms (cont’d.) Pleural Disorders mesothelioma pleural effusion pleurisy (pleuritis) pneumothorax
  • 22. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 21 Pathological Terms, Pleural Disorders (cont’d.) Pneumothorax: Air gathers in the pleural cavity
  • 23. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 22 For Spelling and Meaning  anthracosis  asbestosis  bacilli  chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)  cor pulmonale  exudate  hydrothorax  palliative  paroxysmal  pulmonary infarction  purulent  rhonchi  silicosis
  • 24. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 23 Chapter 12 Lesson 12.3
  • 25. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 24 Clinical Procedures X-rays chest x-ray computed tomography (CT scan of the chest) pulmonary angiography
  • 26. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 25 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) X-rays: radiographic imaging
  • 27. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 26 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Magnetic waves create images
  • 28. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 27 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Radioactive Test Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan: inhalation of radioactive gas for imaging, followed by injection of different radioactive material for imaging
  • 29. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 28 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Bronchioscopy: endoscope to bronchial tubes for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of specimens
  • 30. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 29 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Endotracheal intubation: placement of tube from mouth to trachea to establish airway
  • 31. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 30 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) laryngoscopy lung biopsy mediastinoscopy pulmonary function tests (PFTs) thoracentesis thoracotomy thorascopy tracheostomy tuberculin test tube thoracostomy
  • 32. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 31 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Thoracentesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid from pleural space
  • 33. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 32 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Tracheostomy: creation of opening to trachea through the neck