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1. Art History
Test 3

2. Islamic and Hindu art of India
Lecture 24
Missed this class
Friday, October 21

3. ISLAMIC AND HINDU ART
• In India
• Against depiction of human form because God
made humans and we’d be competing against
him

4. Summary Islam
• Mohammed sleeping on Mt. Hira in Mecca and
he received God’s message
• Angel Gabriel appeared to him and said “Recite,”
the recitation is the Koran…not Narrative like
Bible, but a revelation
• Judaism and Christianity are valid, Moses, David,
and Jesus are important prophets
– Muhammed however is ultimate prophet
• No intercessory figures, ie no priests or churches
– Faithful pray 5 times/day facing Mecca
• No Depictions of human form
– Thus abounds in floral and animal motifs
– Uses written word-poetry, passages from Koran

5. 2 Major Architecture forms introduced
to india by muslims:
1. Mosque
2. Tomb (non-Muslim Indians traditionally
cremate the deceased)
Also introduced:
– Arch
– Dome

6. All Mosques
1. Some type of square walled courtyard with
some part of it roofed and supported by
colonnade
2. Muezzin-used to call holy power to roof of
Mohammed’s housetall tower called
Minaret to do this

7. Mirab
Empty niche in wall pointing way toward Mecca

8. Quwwat al-Islam (Might of Islam)
Pre-Mughal Period
• Mosque and Minaret
• Delhi, India
• Iron columns from other hindu temples

9. Quwwat al-Islam (Might of Islam)
Central arch or Mirab Iron Column
• On western side • From Hindu temple
• Pointing towards Mecca • Columns taken from 27
• Pre-Mughal Period destroyed Hindu shrines
• Arch is 45 feet tall

10. Qutub Minar-@ Quwwat al Islam
Pre-Mughal period
• Delhi, India
• Minaret is 238 feel tall-tallest
stone tower in the world
• Impractical
• as means of calling the faithful
to prayer
• Surface is decorated with
passages from the Koran and
abstract and floral motifs

11. Qutub Minar-@ Quwwat al Islam
Surface is decorated with
Pre-Mughal period passages from the Koran and
abstract and floral motifs

12. Mughal Control of India
• 16th-18th c.
• 3 most important emperors
1. Akbar
2. Jahangir
3. Shah Jahan

13. Jahangir Enthroned
Mughal Period
• Mughals have no long tradition of painting of their
own
• At this time there’s a lot of trading…fusion of
different styles
• Style tends to be eclectic, borrowing from Hindu,
Chinese, and European styles, which they would
have known through their trading relationships
• Work depicts complex allegory, with Jahangir
enthroned on an hourglass and framed with a halo
created by the sun and the moon
• Puti’s-small angels/cupids-european
• Hour glass depicting time-not usual in ISlam art
• King Kames of England is in there
• Jahangir-king halo as sun and moon-holding the
Koran
• Artist is in the bottom left corner
• Mixed perspective, everything is flat except the
hourglass is tipped

14. Jahangir and Shah Abbas
Mughal Period
• Christian symbols the lion and
the lamb
• Shah on the Lamb, Janhangir
on the lion-symbolism
Putis again
• Brushes made out of squirrel
fir were used for faces-allowed
for extreme detail
• Accurate depiction of the
world in the map

15. Taj Mahal
Shah Jahan
• Mughal Period
• Build as tomb for Jahan’s wife, Mumtaz
Mahal by Shah Jahan
• Width of the base is equal to the height to
the top of the dome 250 ft
• Made of imported white marble-must be
imported and is super expensive…almost
bankrupted the country
• Very symmetrical, ordered
• 4 minarets on corner
• Main building placed in the back of the
garden and larger reflecting pools required a
fairly complex system of hydraulics
• Paradise where 4 rivers meet. Seasonal
garden to create sense of paradise
• More on next slide
• Legend that Shah Jahan was planning to build
an identical tomb for himself from black
marble across the river, but then his sons
imprisoned him before he could begin

16. More Taj Mahal
Mughal Period
• Unlike tomb of Humayun,
main building was placed at
back of garden and larger
reflecting pools require a fairly
complex system of hydraulics
• Inlay of precious stone-single
flower can contain up to 37
pieces of inlay naturalistic!
• Decorative text from the Koran

17. Hindu Religion
• No founder
• Variety of folk beliefs
– More elite, intellectual trends that slowly coalesced into the present system
• Believed purpose of worship was to attempt to unite with God
• 7:43
• All deities are seen ultimately as manifestation of an ultimate, formless
God essence that appears in various ways according to the needs of the
devotee
• 3 major deities
1. Vishnu
2. Shiva
3. The Goddess
• Each deity can manifest in various ways in serene, active or destructive
forms

18. 4 types of Yoga (or ways of achieving
union with the Divine)
Many deities and many ways that deities manifest themselves
Also many ways devotee can approach union with them
1. Bhakti- devotion; worshipper has a personal, almost
romantic, relationship with the deity.
2. Jnana- knowledge; the worshipper hopes to understand
the deity through knowledge and contemplation.
3. Karma- action, the worshipper attempts to gain
knowledge of the deity through service to others.
4. Raja- comprehensive method including meditation
of course also Hatha yoga, the type of physical exercise
popular today…this is considered a supplement to other types

19. Hour of Cowdust
Rajput Painting
• Mughal Period
• Attention to facial features
and jewelry
• Women of the village
looking out at him
• Higher on canvas=father
away
• Animals are more
naturalistic than the people

20. Chinese Art
Lecture 25
10 Minutes Late
Monday, October 24-class cancelled
Wednesday, October 26

21. Chinese Landscape Painting
• Chinese currently employs 4000 to 5000
characters
• Calligraphy is considered the basis of painting
– Both use flexible writing brush
• Calligraphy has been considered superior to
painting through Chinese history because it
reveals one’s level of education and character

22. Northern & Southern Song Dynasty
• Considered golden ages of Chinese civilization
• Culture flourished
• Militarily they were weak-not interested in
fighting
• More interested in cultivating the arts
• They were harassed by tribes to the North and
West
• Mongols took over china in 1279

23. Travelers Amid Mountains and Streams
Fan Kuan
• Northern Song Dynasty
• Ink on Silk
• Nature is dominant-man is a tiny piece of nature
• Fan Kuan was a Professional painter-don’t know much
about them; worked in painting academy attached to
court
• High=monumental monochrome ink landscape
• Neo-Confucianism-idea that natural and human
worlds are interconnected and that nature expresses
a moral order. Nature is seen as embodying spiritual
qualities, and if you want to improve yourself, you
should contemplate nature itself or images of nature.
The ideal man likened to aspects of nature: a virtuous
man is like an upright pine tree or bamboo that bends
without breaking in a storm: rocks are the bones of
the earth and exemplify a kind of primordial energy
• Not trying to portray nature realistically
• Raindrop cun-texture stroke
– Tip of brush and placing down and dotting along the
surface to create texture
– Fan Kuan one of the only ones to use texture in the
rocks

24. Rock and Old Tree
Su Dungpo
• Northern Song Dynasty
• Ink on Paper
• Literati Painter- a scholar-official who engages in artistic activity
in free time and doesn’t sell his work, amateur painter
• “Blandness”-ideal quality of literati painting

25. compare
Fan Kuan Su Dungpo
• Literati-a scholar, official who engages
• Professional Painter in artistic activity in his free time and
does not sell his work, an amateur
painter (scholar who draws the boring
stuff)
• “blandness” (pingtan)-the ideal quality
of literati painting (just being boring)
• “If anyone discusses paintings in terms
of formal likeness, his understanding is
close to that of a child. If someone
composing a poem must have a certain
poem, then he is definitely not a man
who knows poetry. There is one basic
rule in poetry and painting; natural
genius and originality….” Su Dungpo

26. Fan Kuan, Travelers Amid Mountains and Streams (c. 1000), N.
Song dynasty; Su Dungpo, Rock and Old Tree (mid-11th c.)
Northern Song Dynasty, ink on paper, c. 12 x 24”
LITERATI PAINTER
PROFESSIONAL PAINTER

27. China under the Mongols
• The Yuan Dynasty
• 1st Emperor-Kubilai Khan who Marco Polo
visited
• About ¼ of the population has died
• Go back to states or family and practice art
more passionately (or blandly) however you
want to say it.

28. The Rongxi Studio
Ni Zan
• Yuan Dynasty
• Ink on Paper
• Michelangelo of Chinese art (dynasty)-
known for his neatness (neat freak)
– Used ink like gold…sparingly
• Ink on paper (not silk)
– Less valuable
• Pronunciations:
– X=sh
– Zh=j
– Q=ch
• Colophon-inscription on a work of art
• Bland landscape
• very sparing use of ink, very dry brush
gives it almost a poorness feel
• Used ink like Gold…vary sparingly
• Stamps attached by subsequent owners

29. Auntumn Colors on the Qiao (Chao)
and Hua Mountains
Zhao (Jao) Mengfu
• Yuan Dynasty
• Blandness, flat plane
• short hand scroll
• hemp-fiber texture stroke-adds
texture to mountains and water
• Simple Childlike trees
• Trying to depict 2 specific
mountains, but not trying to
make them look like actual
mountains-demonstrates
something about his character
• Full of Colophon writing

30. Ming Dynasty
Most famous for vases/ceramics
The warriors

31. Poet on a Mountaintop
Shen Zhou (Joe)
• Ming Dynsasty
• Ink and color on paper
• Literari Painting
• Communion of self with nature
• Shows personality of well rounded
sophisticated person if you’re truly a
scholar you will embrace nature
• Not concerned with detail…variety of tones
• Texture on mountains, looking off into nature
• Poem- nature good not people
• White clouds like a scarf enfold the
mountain’s waist
• Stone steps hand in space-a long narrow
path…Alone leaning on my cane, I gaze
intently at the scene…And feel like answering
the murmuring brook with the music of my
flute

32. Chinese Art of the Ming and
Quing Dynasties
Lecture 26
Friday, October 28

33. Hundreds of Birds Admiring the
Peacock
Yin Hong
• Ming Dynasty
• Ink and color on silk
• Much different than literari
[literari is not striving for any type
of effect]
• Taking time to study birds…using
fine line technique with fine
brush
• On a palace wall
• Birds of different
seasons=auspicious
• Peacock=emperor-other birds
paying homage to him

34. Forbidden City
Ming Dynasty
• MONGOLS
• Perhaps the most spectacular from
Ming Dynasty
• Home of 24 emperors for 500 years
during Ming and Qing dynasties; also
home to wives, consorts and
children; staffed by eunuchs
(castrated males); oriented from
North to South, a little over a square
mile with 980 buildings. Constrution
lasted over 15 years and involved
about 1 million workers. It is the
world’s largest surviving palace
compound.
• Oriented from north to south
• World’s largest palace compound
• Central meridian/axis

35. Forbidden City
Ming Dynasty
Hall of Supreme Harmony
• Low Horizontal focus
• Areas in front staging
grounds
• Double room
• Hipped roof
• Post and lintel architecture

36. Celadon, Stoneware
Ru Ware
• Song Dynasty—back to Song
• 12th c.
• Stoneware-pottery fired at a
much higher temperature than
earthenware causing the silica in
the clay to melt and form a hard,
stone-like surface; celadon
(green, blue green on greenish
brown) glazes were an attempt to
imitate jade
• Crackware-if lucky when brought
from hot air to cool air would
create a pretty crackle

37. [not needed for test] Porcelain Vase
Ming Dynasty
• Ming Dynasty-pottery really starts
to take off
• Porcelain- made from fine hard
white clay called Kaolin which when
fired at an extremely high
temperature 1400 C with another
type of fine clay vitrifies (melts) to
form an extremely hard white body,
which can be made very thin (often
called eggshell porcelain)
• China knew the secret of porcelain
by the 8th c while the west only
discovered it in the 17th. Because of
this, Westerners imported huge
quantities of Chinese porcelain
over the centuries, especially blue-
and white porcelain.

38. Blue-and-White Porcelain Vase
Ming Dynasty
• White body of the porcelain is
covered with designs in cobalt
blue, which is then covered
with a clear glaze. Cobalt is on
of the only colors that can
withstand this high
temperature needed to fire
porcelain
• Because the decoration is
placed under the glaze, it is
called underglaze porcelain
• “barbaric” design

39. Quing Dynasty
Queue
• Quing emporors were non-
chinese people from
Manchuria but they were
good rulers who tried to
become more Chinese than
the Chinese
• They introduced the queue-
long hairstyle with braids
like on slide

40. Overglaze Enamel Porcelains
Qing Dynasty
• Porcelain vessels are covered
with clear glaze and fired, then
decorated with the enamel
glazes and refired at a much
lower temperature, causing
the enamel to fuse with the
clear glaze
• Because a second glaze is put
over the first, this is called
overglazed enamel porcelain
– This was done in order to add
more colors other than just
blue!

41. Landscape
Shitao
• Quing Dynasty (ching
dynasty)
• Ink and color on paper
• One of the more prominent
individual artists
• Landscape, scholar, pavilion,
mountain swallowing
scholar??

42. One Hundred Horses in a Landscape
Lang Shining
(Guiseppe Castiglione)
• Quing Dynasty
• Castiglione was a Jesuit
who arrived in Beijing in
1715 (Jesuits arrived in
1600); he began to learn
about Chinese culture to
better convert the Chinese
– Obviously had art training
before China
• 3 dimensionality because
of tree bark and
foreshortening of horses
• Foreshortening of the
horses

43. Opium Wars and the Fall of Dynastic China
• The British had a massive trade deficit with China because the British
wanted Chinese luxury goods, especially porcelain, silk, and tea, but the
British had nothing that the Chinese wanted. The British grew opium in
their Asian colonies and sold it to the Chinese. The Government
protested, but it was ultimately defeated.
• It is estimated that one quarter of the Chinese population was addicted to
opium around this time.
• First Opium War 1839-1842; Second Opium War 1856-1860
• When the Chinese lost, this allowed Western powers, starting with Britain,
to begin to carve up the country into protectorates.
• The Opium Wars led to the Taiping Rebellion, which lasted from 1850-
1864, in which a charismatic Chinese leader attempted to overthrow the
Qing rulers and expel the foreigners. This was one of the bloodiest
periods of human history (second only to WWII), and between 20 and 30
million people died.
Republic of China 1912-1949 [Nationalists under Chang Kai-shek]
People’s Republic of China 1949-present [Communists under Mao Zedong]

44. Ren Xiong
Self-Portrait,
Qing Dynasty
Ren Xiong was leader of a group known as the Shanghai
School (based in Shanghai) in the later Qing dynasty
who sought to revive Chinese painting by adopting
elements of Western styles, while also maintaining the
Chinese emphasis on the calligraphic line.
The inscription reads:
With the world in turmoil, what lies ahead of me? I
smile and bow and go around flattering people in hope
of making connections; but what do I know of affairs?
In the great confusion, what is there to hold on to and
rely on? How easy it is merely to chat about this!....
When I calculate back to my youth, I didn’t start out
thinking this way; with a sense of purpose I portrayed
the ancients for display [as paragons]. But who are the
ignorant ones, who are the sages? In the end, I have no
idea. In the flash of a glance, all I can see is the
boundless void.
• Very calligraphic lines=trying to combine
Chinese calligraphy and western art
• Combining Calligraphy with Painting

45. Japanese Art
Japanese Zen Painting
and Garden Design
Lecture 27
Missed this class 

46. Japanese History
• There have always been 2 authorities
– Emperor
– Shogun-military leader
• After 12th century, Emperor became a figurehead and the Shogun took
power
• Different families of Shoguns rise to power at different times
• Mongols-under Yuan Dynasty of China
• Muromachi period-ashikaga shoguns are in power in kyoto…not very
strong or efficient and they only maintain a tenuous peace among rival
clans. Chinese culture is enthusiastically imported at this time, especially
within Zen monasteries, which maintain diplomatic and trading ties with
the continent
• At this point, Ming dynasty, rules china.
• Since the newest form of painting comes from China, it is called kanga
(Chinese Painting)-Kanga develops with the Zen monastic institutions of
Japan, but it draws on a range of Chinese styles, including those of the
professionals, literati and Chan Monks

47. Zen (Chan) Buddhism
• Develops from Buddhism, but draws on many aspects of native Chinese
religions like Daoism, such as spontaneity, intuition and a distrust of
language
• Based on a direct mind-to-mind transmission outside of scriptures
• Practice revolves around mediation and solving Chan “riddles” *koan] like,
“What is the face that you had before your parents were born?,” meant to
free your mind from rational categories of thought
• Often practiced by literati, some of whom became Chan monks, but many
of whom went to monasteries on retreat .
• The many literati who were involved in Chan temples brought with them
their ideas about art, so there is a question of whether there something
we can really call Chan/Zen art, or whether it is just a version of literati
painting. There is also a question of whether this art is mean to convey a
religious meaning, or whether it is a kind of sophisticated hobby.

48. Six Persimmons
Mu Qi
• Song Dynasty
• Only survived because
collected by Japanese
patrons
• Enlightenment is all around
• Ripe persimmon in
center=more enlightened
mind, one not in
line=working outside the
boundaries, done very
quickly, done calligraphically

49. The Sixth Chan Patriarch, Hui-neng, Achieves
Enlightenment while Chopping Bamboo
Liang Kai
• Song Dynasty
• Only survived because
collected by Japanese
patrons
• Enlightened minds
• Patriarch-chopping
Bamboo-daily activities
when achievement
enlightenment
• Calligraphic

50. Cottage by a Mountain Stream
Minchō
• Muromachi Period
• If they take ideas from other
places, not bound by it but
can transform it??
• FG, MG, BG, Mist in MG like
Fan Kuan
• Copied previous masters

51. Catching a Catfish with a Gourd
Josetsu
• Muromachi Period
• Doing everyday things
produces enlightenment
• Visual koan-zen riddle, how
do you catpture this catfish
with this gourd
• Ameteur
• Mountain done in ink wash
• Deliberately awkward body

52. Winter Landscape
Sesshū
• Muromachi Period
• Sesshu actually traveled to Ming dynasty
China to study Chinese painting at its source
• He is most famous however for transforming
Chinese styles into his own stylistic language
• He is arguably the most famous painter in
Japanese history
• Not very realistic…more comic booky more
edgy
• Looking at sessu’s mind
• Put together like a jigsaw puzzle
• What we are looking at is not an actual
scene, he is just showing off his painting
techniques

53. Splashed Ink (Haboku) Landscape
Sesshū
• Muromachi Period
• Splashing ink onto a page
and moving around very
quickly
• Rooftops under tree
• Two fisherman on a boat

54. Dry Rock Garden
Ryōanji
• Muromachi Period
• Zen rock garden
• Dry rock garden-walled
enclosure with clumps of rocks
arranged asymmetrically in
scraped gravel with circular
pattern around the rocks
• Veranda to temple building
• Monks come here to meditate

55. Yamato-e
Anonymous
• Muromachi Period
• Yamato-e=“Japanese (style)
painting”
• Yamato is an ancient name for
Japan
• Colorful, decorative, stylized
art, no sense of depth, no
need for realism, height in the
background like in Chinese

56. Summer from the Flowers
Kano Motonobu
• Muromachi Period
• From Flowers and Birds of the
Four Seasons
• Hard-edged, comic book like
• Fusing Yamato-e and Kanga
arts-universla style
– Kanga-chinese like, hard rocky
cliffs
– Yamato-e-the trees are natrual
and pretty soft
• Weird stylized drawing manga
water and the misty mist is
really realistic

57. Birds of the Four Seasons (with
previous slide)
Kano Motonobu
• Muromcahi Period

58. Japanese Art [2]
Castles and the Tea Ceremony: Art
of the Momoyama Period
Lecture 28
MS word Notes
Wednesday, November 2, 2011

59. Pines and Cranes
Kano Eitoku
• Muromachi period
• New style: Art that covers the
entire walls
• Painted on 3 sides/walls
• Crane=longevity
• Trees colored in monochrome ink
(very Chinese) and
calligraphic, but the crane is really
fine and detailed and Japanese
• Everything is pushed to the
foreground (kind of Japanese)
• Gold Paint to indicate clouds

60. Momoyama Period
• Short period…a lot of war
• Ashikaga shōguns lose control of the country and rival feudal lords
attempt to gain control. Three major lords rise, and eventually
Tokugawa Ieyasu takes control of the country after a massive
battle. He had himself declared shōgun and established a system of
government that lasted for about 250 years [what we call the
Tokugawa period (1615-1868)].
• This is also a period when the Portuguese, led by Jesuit
missionaries, are very active in Japan. They introduce firearms,
which contributes to the craze for castle building. In this short
period of 42 years, almost 60 castles are built by rival feudal lords in
their territories. These castles become the center of provincial life,
as well as a symbol of the lords’ authority, and they are often
lavishly decorated with a lot of gold leaf. Unfortunately, few of
them survive to the modern day.

61. Key terms
• Donjon-fortified stone basement
• Tenshu-timber framed structure on top
• Azuchi castle-no cement….
• Idk what these are for though 

62. Himegi Castle
Momoyama Period
• White Heron Castle
• Staggered roofline, lofty quality
• Relatively small windows
compared to most japanese
architecture
• Enormous pillar inside to stabilize
whole castle and earthquake-
proof
• Really tenchu-z looking with
surrounding layout
• Moats and stuff…inside, there’s
the Kano Eitoku’s paintings

63. Cypress
Kano Eitoku
• Momoyama Period
• Gold leaf for ground and clouds, one whole picture for a big
cypress tree
• Reasons: warlords have a very gaudy taste and Gold helps
reflect the light into the room
• Kanga Style-strong Chinese brushwork, craggy rocks

64. Tea Ceremony Aesthetics
[aesthetics=standards for judging beauty and/or art]
• Humble/ugly simple structures
• Zen-imported from china-drinking tea to make
you peaceful
• Wabi-elegant poverty, rustic simplicity
• Sabi-lean, withered, astringent

65. Tea Ceremony Aesthetics:
wabi=elegant poverty, rustic simplicity
sabi=lean, withered, astringent
• Asymmetry-irregularity
• Simplicity
• Austerity or dryness
• Naturalness
• Suggestiveness

66. Tea Ceremony [Cha-no-yu]
[key terms: tokonoma=display alcove]
Momoyama Period??
• Often conducted by warriors,
monks, etc
• Made to look like a farmer’s
cottage in the middle of the
mountains
• Tiny little house with 6ft square
main room
• Crawl door=you leave behind
worldly status so you have to be
humble and equal
• Tokonoma-display alcove to hang
works of art and put bits of nature
in there
• Looks really shabby inside
• Special place in the floor for the tea

67. Raku Tea Bowls
Momoyama Period
• Hand made with coil method
• Kind of a ugly, put powdered
tea in it and whisk in hot
water…not like steep tea
• Raku-matt glaze, not shiny

68. Art of the Edo Period
UKIYO-E or woodblock prints
Also known as Tokugawa period
Lecture 29
Friday, November 4, 2011

69. Edo Period
• Edo period, aka Tokugawa Period…begins with
establishment of capital in Edo or modern day
Tokyo
• Feudal lords and retainers required to spend
alternate years in Edo, making it largely a city
of bachelors
• Now there’s centers of urban entertainment

70. Irises
Ogata Korin
• Edo Period
• Background is all gold leaf
• Everything pushed to
foreground
• uniformity
• Painted in
rhythmic, decorative way—no
sky, etc
• Only using 3 colors
• Ogata Korin is big on
multimedia

71. Lacquer Writing Box
Ogata Korin
• Edo Period
• Korin was the founder of the Rinpa
School, which arose in the ancient
capital of Kyoto during the Edo
period
• Not connected with linear
perspective…moreso filling up
space in interesting way
• Japan is supree in Lacquer
technique (poisonous-layer on
layer) 40 layers??!
• Inlaid with pearls, etc
• Ogato Korin probably just designed
• Ogato Korin is better known as a
painter

72. On to woodblock prints…
Ukiyo-e means print or picture
Single woodblock print
Not on study guide, but Moronobu was one of the first
major print artists of Edo period…did the pg-13 and R
rated prints

73. Street Scene in Yoshiwara
• Edo Period
• Yoshiwara was the red-light district of Edo, one of the only
places that ment could escape from the strict social
control of the time and find some female companionship
• Places like Yoshiwara were known as the “floating world,”
Moronobu
and the term ukiyo-e often used for woodblock prints,
means “images (e) of the floating world”
• Yoshiwara was the primary district
• New metropolitcan culture---now people are proud to be
from a certain city
• One of the only places that men could escape from the
strictness and find a woman companion
• Women were often sold into this life
– If you became a famous prostitute/courtesan, you could
control your own prices
– Expected not just to have sex, but to sing and dance and have
good conversation
– Women expected to know the tea ceremony, sing and dance
and lots of social skills
• Gated Community
• Often wore head coverings when going to this city
• Guy in the back didn’t need to worry about his reputation
• On the left, all the women trying to tempt the men
• We are floating above the piece…little bit of linear
perspective, but not uniform
• Floating world…like a fantasy world??

74. Kabuki
• Kabuki developed in the Edo period in Edo as a popular
kind of theater patronized by the lower classes in the newly
established entertainment districts.
• Commoner theater
• It was bold and dramatic to appeal to this new audience,
with many dramatic costumes and fight and dance
sequences. Unlike more aristocratic theater, it drew its
inspiration from the present day (often from the Yoshiwara)
or from heroes in old tales. Men played both male and
female parts.
• Prostitutes and Kabuki actors were the primary subjects of
woodblock prints throughout the 17th and 18th centuries.

75. Woodblock technique
• Printer would put design face down on the
block of wood
• Cut out the outlines and excess so that it
would show up
• Made different blocks for different colors
• Then BAM printed
• Apparently requires substantial financial
investment

76. Actor Print
Torii Kiyomasu
• Edo Period
• At this point, prints are done in black and white, and
then hand colored in shades of reddish brown, yellow,
and orange.
• The Torii family of print makers began as Kabuki actors
from Osaka, who moved to Edo in the late 17th cThe
Torii family soon became involved in designing posters
for the shows they were in, as well as those of other
actors.
• This represents a kabuki play on The revenge of the
Soga Brothers, one of the most popular themes in
Japanese history. Set in the late 12th c., the story
focuses on the two Soga brothers, Juro and Goro, who
were very young when their father was killed by a rival.
They swore revenge and waited almost 20 years to
carry it out. Afterward, they were executed. This
makes them both paragons of filial piety (a Confucian
trait) and of samurai values (following one’s lord into
death).

77. Flowers of Beauty in the Floating
World
Suzuki Harunobu
• Edo Period
• First multicolor woodblock print-nishiki-e (brocade
print)
• Collaboration with group of Edo literati who sends
their friends printed calendars at new year but
become so popular took of calendric markings and
sold as prints
• Became so popular everyone now wants color
prints
• Sadly many times people would sell their daughters
• Would be groomed from a young age to become a
prostitute
• Young girl with older prostitute that has a pipe
• Japan is now a closed country-expelled all the
Westerners who were trying to convert them
• Very subtle, wanting to give intimate view of
Yoshiwara
• Much less pornographic than Harunobu is used to
doing
• 2 western ideas-PIPE and TELESCOPE

78. Highest Ranking Courtesan
UTMARO
• From series Five Shades of ink from the
Northern Quarter
• Edo Period
• Most famous artist of Courtesans
[UTAMARO]
• This Courtesan has paintbrush in her
hand to show she is more educated
• Long and narrow face
• Not trying to capture
personality…trying to capture rank
• 5 shades of ink=5 levels ofprostitues
• Hair down

79. Geiki (Geisha)
UTMARO
• From series Five Shades of ink
from the Northern Quarter
• Edo Period
• Lower than courtesan
• Long face
• Not trying to capture
personality-trying to capture
rank
• Hair up

80. Actor Print
Sharaku
• Edo Period
• Sharaku is something of a mystery.
He was only active for about 10
months between 1794-1795 and
then disappeared completely.
Some scholars claim that his images
were too caricatured to be popular
with the general audience while
others note that he designed 150
prints, which would seem to
indicate some kind of popularity.
• Making fun of actors? Small eyes
and mouth
• Played a samaurai role
• Flat planes of color

81. Great Wave of Kanagawa
Hokusai
• Edo Period
• From 36 Views of Mount Fugi
• People are tired of prostitutes
and actors
• Pretty landscapes are IN
• Edo…the actual capital
becomes the focus..people are
proud to be from Edo
• This is a souvenir of
Edo…tourist print
• Idea of a Series-more images,
the more people will buy
• Actually has 46 instead of 36
• Frames Mt Fuji

82. Night Snow at Kambara
Hiroshige
• From 5. Stations of the
Tōkaidō

83. Aztec and Inca Art
Lecture 30
Monday, November 7, 2011

84. MIGHT WANT TO REVIEW THIS
• I was KINDA DOZING IN AND OUT!!!!

85. The Goddess Coatlicue
Aztec
• Coatlicue (she of the serpent skirt)
gave birth to the Sun god
Huizilopochtli
• Her other children, the stars and
moon wanted to kill him but he
emerged from his mother’s body
and drove them off killing and
dismembering the moon goddess in
the process
• Coatlicue is beheaded but 2
serpents rise up from her body
• Very monumental and imposing
• Strength
• Subtle detals…snake scales, snake
skin

86. Calendar Stone
Aztec
• Calendar related to when to
perform correct rituals
• Calendar has 260 days with
2 cycles one of 20 named
days and one of 13
numbered days
• Takes 260 days for 2 cycles
to realign at the beginning
• More but I missed it

87. Aztec Calendar Stone
More info…
• 4 symbols surrounding
center represent when 4
preceding periods were
destroyed
• Clockwise it’s 4 Jaguar, 4
Wind, 4 Rain, 4 Water
• Together with the central
symbol they represent 4
motion….more

88. Feather Headdress of Moctezuma II
Aztec
• Made out of tail feathers of
Quetzal bird
• Only 2 major tail feathers
• Iridescent green
• Bound to form headdress

89. Schematic View of the World
Aztec
• The Aztecs ordered the
universe into 5 directions:
north, south, east, west, and
center. At the center is the
god Xiuheteculi, god of fire,
time, and the calendar.
Radiating from him to the four
directions are pairs of gods,
each facing a different species
of tree with a different type of
bird on top.

90. Inca
Capital was cusco in Peru [territory
spanned 2600 miles]

91. Machu Picchu
Inca, Peru
• Undiscovered by the
Spanish, it is the only Inca
city that survives intact

92. Intihuatana
@ Machu Picchu
• Inca
• Peru
• Tells time of the day and
also the Spring and Winter
Equinox

93. Temple of the Three Windows
@Machu Picchu
• Inca
• Peru
• The three windows, which
align with 3 sacred
mountains, are there to
represent the 3 caves from
which the children of the
sun emerged

94. Woven Tunic
Inca
• Peru

95. Last class

96. Two Grey Hills Tapestry Weaving
Julia Jumbo
• Navajo, New Mexico
• 2003
• Southwest
• Weaving believed to be
created by the Spider Woman
who taught the technique to
the first human woman
• Female activity
• Important part of Navajo
economy

97. Wampum Belt, William Penn’s Treaty
with the Deleware tribe
• 1680s
• Eastern Woodlands
• Wampum=white and purple
beads made form various
shells and used by tribes of
the Eastern Woodlands as
both a kind og currency and
a way to cement alliances

98. Baby Carrier
Eastern Sioux
• 19th c.
• Eastern Woodlands
• Buckskin and porcupine quill
• Decorated with quillwork,
dyed porcupine and bird quill
worked into various patterns
• antelopes and thunderbirds, a
popular mythological bird
though to create thunder with
its wings.

99. Battle Scene, Buffalo Hide
• C. 1800
• Great Planes (collected by
the Lewis and Clark
expedition
• Lewis and Clark lead by
sacagawea
• Buffalo hide is painted and
decorated with horses and
stick figures fighting each
other. Small amounts of
color

100. Grizzly Bear House Partition Screen
Tlingit People
• Northwest Coast
• C. 1840
• Totem=animals having
supernatural powers, such as
eagle, wolf, bear, from whom
specific clans are believed to
descend
• Ovoid shape=face and body
• Shaman=“medicine man”
• Faces all over
body, eyes, ears, etc
• Bird feet

101. Kwakwaka’wakw Mask
• C. 1950
• Northwest Coast
• Attributed to Willie
Seaweed

102. Chilkat Blanket
Tlingit people
• before 1928
• Northwest Coast
• More abstract

103. Taos Pueblo
• Laura Gilpin, photo
• New Mexico
• Southwest
• 1947
• Adobe brick
• Faced with clay
• Domes things are ovens for
baking bread, corn and rice

104. Blackware Storage Jar
Maria and Julian Martinez
• C. 1942
• Earthware
• Pueblo
• Southwest
• Coil method-done by hand
• She and her husband began
experimenting with black slip ware
• Made from coil method using varieties
of locally available
• Burnished-rubbed until smooth
• Considered a woman’s art
• She taught technique to women of her
village then began signing all pottery so
everyone could get more money for
them