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Is it Time to Abandon Abandonment?!
                                                                                 Abhimanyu Lad, Daniel Tunkelang!
                                                                                            LinkedIn!



                                           Problems	
  with	
  click-­‐based	
  measures	
  of	
  search	
  performance	
  
    TRUST	
  BIAS	
                                                                    CLICKS	
  DON’T	
  ALWAYS	
  INDICATE	
  RELEVANCE	
                                                     MORE	
  CLICKS	
  NOT	
  ALWAYS	
  BETTER!	
  
    	
                                                                                 	
                                                                                                       	
  
    Users	
  are	
  more	
  likely	
  to	
  click	
  on	
  the	
  top-­‐ranked	
       Users	
  might	
  click	
  on	
  a	
  result	
  out	
  of	
  curiosity,	
  or	
                          Interpreta*on	
  depends	
  on	
  the	
  query	
  type:	
  
    results	
  irrespec*ve	
  of	
  their	
  relevance.	
                              by	
  mistake,	
  e.g.,	
  due	
  to	
  a	
  misleading	
  snippet.	
                                    	
  
    	
                                                                                 	
                                                                                                       	
  
    	
                                                                                 	
                                                                                                       Naviga;onal	
  query:	
  [ceo	
  facebook]	
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                More	
  clicks	
  signify	
  inability	
  to	
  find	
  the	
  correct	
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                result.	
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                	
  
             Click-­‐through	
  rate	
                                                                                                                                                          Exploratory	
  query:	
  [java	
  programmer	
  boston]	
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                More	
  clicks	
  signify	
  mul4ple	
  relevant	
  results.	
  	
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                	
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                	
  

                                                                                                                                              Wait,	
  what	
  is	
  this	
  guy	
  doing	
  
                                                                                                                                                in	
  my	
  search	
  results?	
  	
  
                                        Rank	
  




                                     Solu;on:	
  Move	
  beyond	
  “raw”	
  interpreta;on	
  of	
  clicks	
  as	
  relevance!	
  
     DIFFERENTIATE	
  BETWEEN	
  	
                                                    DETECT	
  SEARCH	
  SESSIONS	
                                                                             CONSIDER	
  ACTIONS	
  PERFORMED	
  
     GOOD	
  AND	
  BAD	
  CLICKS	
                                                    	
                                                                                                         ON	
  SEARCH	
  RESULTS	
  
     	
                                                                                Users	
  o'en	
  sa*sfy	
  their	
  informa*on	
  needs	
                                                  	
  
     Use	
  indicators	
  like	
  *me	
  spent	
  or	
  ac*ons	
                       through	
  a	
  sequence	
  of	
  related	
  queries.	
                                                    Ac*ons	
  like	
  sending	
  a	
  message,	
  bookmarking,	
  
     performed	
  on	
  landing	
  page,	
  presence	
  of	
                           	
                                                                                                         sharing,	
  etc.	
  are	
  more	
  robust	
  indicators	
  of	
  task	
  
     subsequent	
  clicks,	
  or	
  query	
  reformula*ons.	
                          	
                                                                                                         comple*on,	
  and	
  thus,	
  user	
  sa*sfac*on.	
  
     	
                                                                                                       [john	
  shear]	
                                                                   	
  
     	
                                                                                                                   	
                                                                      	
  
                                                                                                                          	
                                                                      	
  
                                                                                                             [john	
  shearer]	
  
     CONSIDER	
  DWELL	
  TIME	
                                                                                          	
  
     	
                                                                                                                   	
  
     Users	
  are	
  likely	
  to	
  spend	
  more	
  *me	
  on	
  relevant	
                             [john	
  shearer	
  intel]	
  
     landing	
  pages.	
                                                                                                  	
  
     	
                                                                                                                   	
  
     	
                                                                                                              [	
  …	
  ]	
  
                                                                                                                          	
  
                                                                                                                          	
  
                                                                                       	
  
                                                                                       	
  


                                                                                       New	
  Evalua;on	
  Measures	
  
   ROBUST	
  VERSIONS	
  OF	
  	
                                                      SEARCH	
  UTILITY	
                                                                                      LOOK	
  AT	
  MULTIPLE	
  METRICS	
  
   COMMONLY-­‐USED	
  MEASURES	
                                                       	
                                                                                                       FOR	
  COMPLETE	
  PICTURE	
  
   	
                                                                                  	
  
   	
                                                                                  	
                                                                                                                                                              (query	
  types)	
  
   Abandonment:	
                                                                      	
                                               Gain	
  
   Percentage	
  of	
  search	
  sessions	
  with	
  no	
  good	
                      	
  
   clicks	
                                                                            	
  
                                                                                                                                        Effort	
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                Session	
  Abandonment	
  




   	
                                                                                  	
  
   Mean	
  Reciprocal	
  Rank	
  (MRR):	
                                              	
  
   Reciprocal	
  rank	
  of	
  first	
  or	
  last	
  good	
  click	
  in	
  each	
     Gain	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  = 	
  good	
  clicks,	
  ac4ons,	
  dwell	
  4me,	
  …	
  
   session	
                                                                           	
  
   	
                                                                                  Effort	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  = 	
  sequen4al	
  scan,	
  4me	
  spent	
  on	
  	
  
   Probability	
  of	
  Skip	
  (pSkip):	
                                                                               	
  search	
  results	
  page,	
  reformula4on	
  	
  
   Ra4o	
  of	
  number	
  of	
  results	
  skipped	
  (including	
                                                      	
  effort,	
  face4ng	
  effort,	
  …	
  
   bad	
  clicks)	
  and	
  number	
  of	
  results	
  examined	
  
   	
  
   	
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Session	
  length	
  




For	
  further	
  informa4on:	
  Abhi	
  Lad	
  <alad@linkedin.com>	
  or	
  h@p://www.linkedin.com/in/abhilad	
  	
  

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Is it TIme to Abandon Abandonment?

  • 1. Is it Time to Abandon Abandonment?! Abhimanyu Lad, Daniel Tunkelang! LinkedIn! Problems  with  click-­‐based  measures  of  search  performance   TRUST  BIAS   CLICKS  DON’T  ALWAYS  INDICATE  RELEVANCE   MORE  CLICKS  NOT  ALWAYS  BETTER!         Users  are  more  likely  to  click  on  the  top-­‐ranked   Users  might  click  on  a  result  out  of  curiosity,  or   Interpreta*on  depends  on  the  query  type:   results  irrespec*ve  of  their  relevance.   by  mistake,  e.g.,  due  to  a  misleading  snippet.               Naviga;onal  query:  [ceo  facebook]   More  clicks  signify  inability  to  find  the  correct   result.     Click-­‐through  rate   Exploratory  query:  [java  programmer  boston]   More  clicks  signify  mul4ple  relevant  results.         Wait,  what  is  this  guy  doing   in  my  search  results?     Rank   Solu;on:  Move  beyond  “raw”  interpreta;on  of  clicks  as  relevance!   DIFFERENTIATE  BETWEEN     DETECT  SEARCH  SESSIONS   CONSIDER  ACTIONS  PERFORMED   GOOD  AND  BAD  CLICKS     ON  SEARCH  RESULTS     Users  o'en  sa*sfy  their  informa*on  needs     Use  indicators  like  *me  spent  or  ac*ons   through  a  sequence  of  related  queries.   Ac*ons  like  sending  a  message,  bookmarking,   performed  on  landing  page,  presence  of     sharing,  etc.  are  more  robust  indicators  of  task   subsequent  clicks,  or  query  reformula*ons.     comple*on,  and  thus,  user  sa*sfac*on.     [john  shear]               [john  shearer]   CONSIDER  DWELL  TIME         Users  are  likely  to  spend  more  *me  on  relevant   [john  shearer  intel]   landing  pages.           [  …  ]           New  Evalua;on  Measures   ROBUST  VERSIONS  OF     SEARCH  UTILITY   LOOK  AT  MULTIPLE  METRICS   COMMONLY-­‐USED  MEASURES     FOR  COMPLETE  PICTURE           (query  types)   Abandonment:     Gain   Percentage  of  search  sessions  with  no  good     clicks     Effort   Session  Abandonment       Mean  Reciprocal  Rank  (MRR):     Reciprocal  rank  of  first  or  last  good  click  in  each   Gain              =  good  clicks,  ac4ons,  dwell  4me,  …   session       Effort          =  sequen4al  scan,  4me  spent  on     Probability  of  Skip  (pSkip):    search  results  page,  reformula4on     Ra4o  of  number  of  results  skipped  (including    effort,  face4ng  effort,  …   bad  clicks)  and  number  of  results  examined       Session  length   For  further  informa4on:  Abhi  Lad  <alad@linkedin.com>  or  h@p://www.linkedin.com/in/abhilad