Norman conquest and subjection of english
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NORMAN CONQUEST CONTRIBUTING IN MODERN DAY ENGLISH .
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Norman conquest and subjection of english
- 1. Norman Conquest And Subjection Of English (1066-1200) Presenters: Umm-e-Rumman Syed Aiman Sajjad Aansa Laraib Nimra Afzal Azka Batool Mustafa Khan
- 2. The Norman Conquest The Norman Conquest in 1066 had the greatest effect on the English language than any other event in the course of its history. If it had not happened… Perhaps, Language would have pursued much the same course as other Germanic language.
- 3. The Origin of Normandy 1) Attack of Scandinavians on France 2) The Treaty Between two people 3) Normandy 4) Reforms 5) Relationship of Normans with England 6) Marriage of King Ǽthelred with Norman Princess 7) King Edward’s Reign
- 4. The Origin of Normandy
- 5. The Origin of Normandy
- 6. The Year 1066 1. King Edward died childless 2. Dilemma of who would become the king 3. 3 Candidates ( Goodwin, William, A Scandinavian) 4. Battle of Hastings 5. Reign of William “ The Conqueror”
- 7. William 1
- 8. The Norman Settlement 1) William’s victory at Hastings 2) Consequences of Conquest Introduction of a new nobility(French) 3) Rebellions faced by William Series of campaigns Remaining English nobility = 0.1% 4) Norman positions in Church 5) Replacement of English Abbots
- 9. The Norman Settlement 6) Norman of lower walks who came to England with William’s Army 7) Settlement of Norman In England their positions and activities (overview)
- 10. Use of French By Upper Class 1) Pre-dominant new nobility and their language usage. 2) French: Language of ordinary intercourse among upper class 3)Usage of French by English People 4) English: language of masses but… 5)Flemish and French
- 11. Circumstances promoting the continued usage of French ROYALITY 1) Upper class was using French 2) The duke of Normandy and King of England’s close association with Normandy 3) Marriage of Henry II 4) King’s spent time in France
- 12. Circumstances promoting the continued usage of French NOBILITY 1) Anglo-French aristocracy 2) Landowners had possession in France 3) Crossing of channels for Military or Trading purposes
- 13. The Attitude towards English 1) English as an uncultivated tongue 2) Mutual respect between the two people 3) William made an effort to learn English 4)In 1200- attitude of King and upper class was of indifference towards English
- 14. French Literature at the English Court 1) Influence of French literature in English courts from 1200 2) Children of William were much interested in literature 3) Roman de Brut by Wace 4) Roots of French culture in English soil
- 15. Fusion of the Two People 1) After many years of Norman conquest, People accepted the new order 2) Evidences related to fusion of French and English people 3) Finding Monasteries by Norman nobles in England 4) The fusion was rapid in Henry 1’s reign.
- 16. The Diffusion of French and English 1) Extent to which English and French were used in England after Norman Conquest 2) Evidences from 13th , 14th and 15th centuries 3) French was the language of courts and English was spoken among masses.
- 17. Knowledge of English among the Upper class 1) French was not a foreign extraction 2) Governing class acquired French 3) Upper class acquired English as it was a language of a huge population 4) Kings and nobles understood English but were not able to speak 5) Churchmen spoke English 6) Activities of Church bought people from different classes together
- 18. Knowledge of French among the Middle class 1) English was not an unusual thing among upper class by 1200 2) The knowledge of French was found down in social scale 3) French was famous among trading system
- 19. Conclusion After battle of Hastings, French influence increased in England and penetrated it from top to bottom. Fusion of two people caused diffusion of two languages Knowledge of French increased in upper class and that of English in lower class
- 20. THANK YOU……….. Prepared By: Umm-e-Rumman Syed Aansa Laraib
Notas do Editor
- Participation of each member: 1) Aiman Sajjad: The Norman Conquest The Origin Of Normandy The year 1066 2) Azka Batool: The Norman Settlement The Use of French by the Upper Class 3) Mustafha Khan: Circumstances promoting the continued use of French 4) Aansa Laraib: The Attitude towards English French literature at the English Court 5) Umm-e-Rumman Syed: Fusion of the two people The diffusion of English and French 6) Nimra Afzal: Knowledge of English among the Upper class Knowledge of French among the Middle class
- Attack of Scandinavians on France: A group of Scandinavians led by Rollo, attacked the north side of France in 9th Century. The then king of France, Charles “The Simple” was quite afraid of powerful Rollo. He was afraid that Rollo might not attack the other parts of France and conquer it. 2) The Treaty between the two leaders: Charles signed a treaty with Rollo to have the control of north side of France and leave the rest of France. Rollo (c.860 - c.932) - acknowledged the French king (Charles the Simple) as his overlord and became the first duke of the Normans. 3) Normandy: Normandy is a geographical region situated along the coast of France south of the English Channel and comprises territory in northern France. 4) Reforms: Normans did not follow French rule and ran their own government. They developed Arms, as they were warriors. Adapted Christianity and built churches. 5) Relationship of Normans with England: As they were neighbors, so they had friendly relations with each other. Another reason was that their forefathers were Scandinavians . English people were quite intrigued by the sophisticated way of living of French people. 6) Marriage of King Ethelred: King Ethelred married a princess who was Norman They had a baby boy named Edward.
- 7) King Edward: He had maternal family in Normandy and spent most of the time there.] He was not in to kingship but after his fathers death he had to take responsibility.
- King Edward dies issue less 2) A huge question arises of who would become the king. 3) He promised his cousin William, his friend Goodwin and another good acquaintance from Scandinavia the throne before his death. This caused a great up heave. 4) Hastings is the place where two armies of Goodwin and William fought the battle for the throne of England. As William was more powerful and trained he won the battle. 5) Hence, started the reign of William” The Conqueror”. All the nobles were French now. They bought their own language.
- Royals: All of the Royals, the dukes although they were king of England as well had their inclination towards the Normandy. William gave England to his second son instead of first. Henry II married Eleanor who had possessions of vast lands in the south. So, when he became king of England he controlled 2/3 of France. King’s spent most of their time in France instead of England.
- NOBILITY: Nobles had possessions in Normandy and due to inter marriages their inclination too was towards France. When travelling and during cross border trade the language used was Frwnch.
- 1: Idea that newcomers were actively hostile to the English language = without foundation 2:Intermarraiges between NORMANS and ENGLISH 3: Accepting nature towards new change and desire to learn. 4: Political influence and continental affairs made French more useful for people of England .
- Addressed in courts to the patrons , royals their heirs etc. All were influenced by the French literature and promoted it as well with great appreciation and contribution .French writings had a spell on English people whether a commoner or a courtier.
- After many years of the conquest, the wound of defeat healed and people got to accept their fate and learned to live in their present circumstances with their new rulers. The fusion of the two people is seen clearly in; Inter marriages between both French and English people The support English people gave their Norman rulers 3. Normans also identified with the new land by building monasteries and choosing burial places in England rather than the Normandy. 4. In Henry I ‘s reign fusion is rapid .
- 1. The question of up to what extent both the languages are spoken in England cannot be answered. 2. Books and Treatises in 13th century shed some light on this matter. In 14th century, poets and writers preface their work with the language employed and in 15th century the evidence is abundant in form of letters, public and private records etc. 3. Through all the evidences we concluded that the language of upper class is French and that of Lower is English.
- French was not confined to just foreign extractions. It was a mark of social distinction. Kings and knights can understand the English language but cannot speak and need an interpreter to communicate with public. Among the churchmen the ability to speak English was fairly common.
- The knowledge of French was often found further down in the social scale . Men with the Norman names were the most prominent burgesses. Persons who could speak French were more reliable and preferred in trading.