For Fish and Shrimp
Feed Management
Dr Abd El Rahman Khattaby
د
.
خطابى أحمد عبدالرحمن
Senior Researcher at Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, ARC, Egypt
+201009016959 | a.a.khattaby@gmail.com | WhatsApp: +201009016959
WHAT WE DO
- Egypt Have different diversity from Fish Spices but
we produce high quality fish feed for
- Fresh Water ( especially Tilapia ) and Marine Water
Sea Bass, Sea Bream, Meager and Shrimp.
- From fry to broodstock
1051444
67.34 %
242071
15.50 %
180900
11.59 %
6836
0.44 %
24714
1.60 %
29994
1.92 %
25130
1.61 %
155
-- %
SPECIES DIVERSITY IN EGYPT
Observe the nutritional
requirements of fish
Shrimp at different stages
of life require special needs
in food
The different requirements of
Shrimp are represented in high
quality feed that meets their
needs and ensures strong health
and good growth rates.
Requirements Solutions
Like a jacket zipper
Each side faces the other and matches it
• 5000 fish/ pond
• 200 g Average weight
• 26 o C Water Temperature
• 14.200 Kg = feed 1.45% body weight/day
• 4 g/day = estimated growth.
يوميا المطلوبة األعالف كمية حساب
1 Kg fish = 4080 kcal DE Feed
Feed
Kg
Gain
Kg
FCR
(4080/DE)
DE
Kcal/Kg
24.4
20
1.27
3200
27.2
20
1.36
3000
29.2
20
1.46
2800
31.4
20
1.57
2600
34
20
1.70
2400
Feeding Behaviour
Detecting the feed:
• Shrimp’s vision is rudimentary
• Feed is detected by Chemosensory structure: Setea (antennae,
antennule, maxilipeds)
• Detection of soluble organic compounds (Proteins, AA,
HUFA,.....)
Eating:
• Probe the feed with pereopods
• Shrimp’s digestive system is primitive.
Shrimp Requirements
The requirements is:
Therefore, shrimp the following is required in feed:
- High content of digestible and absorbable protein
and increase metabolism.
- content of High Unsaturated fatty acids.
- Balance in amino acids according to the nutritional
requirements of shrimp.
- Feed size available to shrimp size in a crumbly and
granular.
- It does not dissolve in water and stable for a long
time, not less than two hours.
- It has an aroma or flavours that attracts shrimp.
- Feed additives to enhance immunity.
Attractive Flavours in feed
Attractive flavours in feed
Feed is detected by Chemosensory structure: Setea (antennae, antennule, maxilipeds)
Best Feed Size
The ideal granule size must be taken into your mind depends on the sizes of Shrimp
Rapid digestion and absorption rates mean rapid growth
The form of the feed and the method of its manufacture affect the rates of digestion and absorption
Rapid digestion and absorption rates mean rapid growth
The form of the feed and the method of its manufacture affect the rates of digestion and absorption
Digestive enzymes affect the better feed and digest and absorb it
faster
Rapid digestion and absorption rates mean rapid growth
The form of the feed and the method of its manufacture affect the rates of digestion and absorption
Digestive enzymes affect the better feed and digest and absorb it
faster
Rapid digestion and absorption rates mean rapid growth
The form of the feed and the method of its manufacture affect the rates of digestion and absorption
Digestive enzymes affect the better feed and digest and absorb it
faster
Rapid digestion and absorption rates mean rapid growth
The form of the feed and the method of its manufacture affect the rates of digestion and absorption
Digestive enzymes affect the better feed and digest and absorb it
faster
Rapid digestion and absorption rates mean rapid growth
Digestive enzymes affect the better feed and digest and absorb it
faster
The form of the feed and the method of its manufacture affect the rates of digestion and absorption
immune system is challenged
High organic matter ammonia level
growth performance
oxygen level
stress
immune system is challenged
High organic matter ammonia level
antigens - bacteria, viruses, parasites - attack
growth performance
oxygen level
stress
Feed
• improved product stability (antioxidant/low pH)
• antimicrobial effect
• nutritive value of organic acids (energy)
Hepatopancreas
• reduction of pH
• efficient pathogen reduction
• activation of digestion
• antimicrobial effects
• stimulation of enzyme secretion
• better Ca and P digestion
Calculating the daily feeding
ration
• - Daily feeding ration is calculated according the biomass and the
average weight of the crop.
• - A theortical feeding table is used to calculated this amount of feed.
• - Feed amount is adjusted according to rearing parameters.
• - Shrimps are continuous intermittent feeders and hence should be
fed several times throughout the day.
• - Shrimps need about 3 -4 hours to digest, therefore, ideally,
feeding should be done every 3 - 4 hours.
• -Frequent feeding of smaller rations also provides better efficiency
in nutrient assimilation and reduces losses due to leaching.
• - During the first month: 2 feeding per day (dawn and dusk)
• After the first month: 4-8 feedings per day
2 pm
10 Am
10 pm
6 Am
6 pm
Sampling to calculate growth and feeding rate:
• To calculate the quantities of feed required per day for any farmed
aquatic animal, there must be data on the average weight as well as
survival rates during a certain period of time, as the previous data can
be collected by taking samples from the animals farmed in ponds.
• - Sampling Must be done 1 hour before feeding or 2 hours after feeding.
• - Throw the castnet at 3 to 4 different places.
• - Period of the day with a high light intensity mus be avoided.
• - Sampling operator should always be the same each 10 days.
• - For shrimps below 5 gr, castnets is not efficient. Use feeder trays. Therefore shrimp have to be
taken from the feed trays 2-3 hours after feeding at a cool time.
• - Sampling must be done early in the morning.
• - Dry the shrimp and weigh them
What can I see in the sampile?
Heterogeneity of the crop (class of size)
Average weight (g)
% of soft, hard and molting shrimps
Dead shrimps?
Shrimp health status (necrosis, uropods, gut content, fouling)
Presence of Fish
Feeding vs Parameters
• Moulting
• Dissolved oxygen
• Temperature
• Any other stress factors (H2S, diseases,
Ammoniac,...........)
Feeding and Moulting
• Shrimp moulting is synchronized to
some extent with the spring tide
during the new moon
• Moulting cyle is separated in 4 phases:
PostMolt, Intermolt, Premolt, Molt.
• Shrimps can not feed during the late
Premolt, Molt and the Post molt.
Adjust the feeding ration according to
the % of shrimps moulting and soft
shell in ponds.
Effect of DO on feeding behaviour
• DO < 3,5 ppm is considered as stressful for shrimps
• At DO levels of 1,2 ppm shrimps show signs of hyper
activity (swimming near the surface, jumps).
• At DO levels of 0,9 ppm shrimps show signs of
lethargy (Mackay, 1974)..
• Shrimps avoid places where there is hypoxic condition
(DO< 2 ppm) and move toward better conditions (up
stream, close to the inlet for example)