Summer trainning at doorshan Allahabad

1. Presented By-
NAME

2. OUTLINES
• Introduction
• Overview
• Requirements of a TV Studio
• Colour Composite Video Signal
• Colour Television
• Television Transmission
• Antenna System
• Satellite Communication

3. INTRODUCTION
• One of India’s largest broadcasting organisation
in terms of studio and transmitter infrastructure
Channels
• Two all India channels DD National and DD
News
• 11 regional, four state, a sports, an international
and two channels Rajya Sabha & Lok Sabha TV

4. INPUTS
•Studio
Productio
n
•Outdoor
Recordin
gs
•Outsourc
ed
Recordin
gs
•Live
Events
•Feed
from
other
countries
EDITING/
ONLINE
EDITING
• Non-
linear
editing
LINKS
•Studio
Transmis
sion Link
(STL)
•Satellite
Link
•Sending
the
program
me
through
storage
device
TRANSMISSIO
N
•TV
Transmitt
er
•High
Power
transmitt
er
•Low
power
transmitt
er
•Very low
power
transmitt
er
•Satellite
transmiss
ion (Up-
Linking)
OVERVIEW

5. REQUIREMENTS OF A TV STUDIO
• Camera
• Lighting
• Air conditioning
• Video Tape Recorder
• Editing
• Audio Chain
• Power Supply

6. CAMERA
• Optical instrument for recording images, which may be
stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both
Controls Of a Camera
• Focus
• Iris
• Zoom

7. AIR CONDITIONING
• Process of altering the properties of air (temperature and
humidity) to more comfortable conditions
Refrigerant Cycle

8. Recorders/Players
Tape Based Disc Based
DVC PRO Beta CAM Mini DV XD CAM
(Panasonic) (Sony) (JVC) (Sony)
VIDEO TAPE RECORDERS
• Designed to record video material on magnetic tape

9. NON-LINEAR EDITING
• A video or audio editing digital audio workstation system
that performs non-destructive editing on source material
• Enables direct access to any video frame in a digital video
clip, without needing to play or scrub/shuttle through
adjacent footage to reach it

10. COLOUR COMPOSITE VIDEO SIGNAL
• Based on persistence of vision = (1/16) sec.
• Mixing of two signals is done = Video signal + Control Signal
• Active Pulse (52microsec.) + Blank Pulse (12microsec.) = 64microsec.
• Retrace is invisible (Blank Pulse)

11. COLOUR TELEVISION
• To obtain any desired colour by mixing three primary colours i.e. Red,
Blue and green in a suitable proportion
• Visible spectrum is from 780 mm (Red) to 380 mm (Violet)
• The figure shows the effect of projecting red, green, blue beams of
light so that they overlap on screen.
Y= 0.3 Red + 0.59 Green + 0.11 Blue

12. TELEVISION TRANSMISSION
• Exciter stage determines the quality of a transmitter
• Contains pre-corrector units both at base band as well as at IF
stage

13. ANTENNA SYSTEM
• Accepts RF Energy from transmitter and launches
electromagnetic waves in space
It should fulfill the following requirements:
• Should have required gain and provide desired field strength at
the point of reception
• Should have desired horizontal radiation pattern and directivity
• Should offer proper impedance to the main feeder cable

14. PARABOLIC DISH ANTENNA
• Very high gain (30-40 dB is common) and low cross polarization
• Can operate in the VHF region (30-300 MHz)
• Consists of a feed antenna pointed towards a parabolic reflector
• At the frequency of operation, the reflecting dish must be much
larger than a wavelength in size for very high gain dishes (>50 dB
gain)
•The distance between the feed antenna and the reflector is typically
several wavelengths

15. SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
SATELLITE TRANSPONDER
• Uplinked signal (6 GHz) at satellite is received, amplified and
down converted to 4 GHz band and sent back through filter and
power amplifier
RECEIVING SATELLITE SIGNAL
• Down link signal can be received through Parabolic Dish
Antenna using Trans-Receive Filter (TRF) and Low Noise
Amplifier (LNA)
•After down conversion to 70 MHz, it is demodulated to get
audio and video