My Presentaion at DSG The 49th Meeting of APEC Telecommunications and Information Working Group, April 21-26 2014, Yangzhou, China

1. Importance
of
IP
Peering
Yoshiki
Ishida
Japan
Internet
Exchange,
Co.,
Ltd.

2. Agenda
Ø Fundamentals
of
IX
and
peering
ü IX
ü Peering
Ø The
Current
Status
of
IX
and
Peering
ü Change
of
the
Internet
ü IX
and
Peering
1

3. Fundamentals
of
IX
and
peering
2

4. What
is
IX?
Ø DefiniGon
of
IX
Point
(by
euro-­‐ix)
A
physical
network
infrastructure
operated
by
a
single
enGty
with
the
purpose
to
facilitate
the
exchange
of
Internet
traffic
between
Autonomous
Systems.
The
number
of
Autonomous
Systems
connected
should
at
least
be
three
and
there
must
be
a
clear
and
open
policy
for
others
to
join.
Ø IX
is
a
system
composed
by
Layer
2
switches.
Ø Every
parGes’
routers
are
connected
to
the
switches.
AS
AS
AS
AS
3

5. A
Typical
Structure
of
the
Internet
in
a
Textbook
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
IX
IX
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
Global
Tier-­‐1
NaGonal
Backbone
Provider
Local
Access
Provider
Customer
(Consumer/OrganizaGon)
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
4

6. -­‐Transit-­‐
“Transit”
has
an
upstream
and
a
downstream,
then
the
traffic
from/to
the
laer
and
its
customers
are
carried
by
the
former
to/from
the
rest
of
the
Internet
with
payment
from
the
downstream.
-­‐Peering-­‐
Traffic
between
two
parGes
and
their
customers
are
exchanged
by
using
“peering.”
Useless
traffic
to
the
upstream
decreases
by
exchanging
traffic
with
peering,
and
their
transit
cost
can
be
reduced.
5
Transit
and
Peering
IX
The
Internet
ISP-B
user
user
user
user
user
user
user
user
ISP-DISP-C
ISP-A

7. Peering
Ø Types
of
Peering
ü LocaGon
• Pubic
Peer
• Private
Peer
ü Payment
• Free
Peer
• Paid
Peer
Ø Peering
Agreement
ü Bi-­‐lateral
Peering
Agreement
• An
one-­‐to-­‐one
agreement
between
two
parGes
about
peering.
ü MulG-­‐lateral
Peering
Agreement(MLPA)
• MulG-­‐lateral
peering
is
peering
negoGated
and
established
between
potenGally
many
parGes.
• A
MulG-­‐Lateral
Peering
Agreement
is
signed
at
exchange
points
that
support
mulG-­‐lateral
peering.
6

8. IX
and
Peering
Ø Role
of
IX
Providers
for
peering
ü IX
provides
a
point
for
peering
and
exchanging
traffic.
ü IX
providers
make
arrangements
for
communicaGons
on
peering
between
customers.
ü IX
providers
supply
addiGonal
funcGon
for
peering,
e.g.
Route
Server,
Route
Monitor,
and
Traffic
Viewer.
ü Some
IX
providers
support
a
private
peering
between
their
customers,
for
example
by
providing
cabling
services.
ü IX
is
the
place
for
coordinaGon
and
cooperaGon
between
various
parGes
of
the
Internet.
7

9. The
Current
Status
of
IX
and
Peering
8

10. The
Current
Structure
of
the
Internet
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
Global
Tier-­‐1
NaGonal
Backbone
Local
Access
Provider
Mobile
IX
IX
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
Customer
(Consumer/OrganizaGon)
Hyper
Giants
9

11. The
Current
Structure
of
the
Internet
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
Global
Tier-­‐1
NaGonal
Backbone
Local
Access
Provider
Mobile
IX
IX
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
Customer
(Consumer/OrganizaGon)
Hyper
Giants
Contents
Eyeball
Traffic
10

12. Contents
and
Eyeball
JPIX
Case
Ø The
traffic
share
of
top
10
customers
of
JPIX
with
140
parGes.
11
IX Switch
Contents Side
OUT
50.6%
Eyeball Side
IN
40.3%
OUT
14.0%
IN
7.7%

13. Merits
of
using
IX
Ø Exchanging
Traffic
at
IX
Points
ü High
Bandwidth
ü Low
Latency
ü Cost
Efficiency
ü Direct
RelaGonship
Ø Peering
with
Internet
Infrastructure
such
as
root
servers
12
ISP
ISP
Internet
Peering
IX
DNS
root
server

14. The
Importance
of
IX
Ø The
importance
of
IX
is
equal
to
the
importance
of
peering
and
exchanging
traffic
locally.
Ø Related
AcGviGes
ü WCIT/ITR
• 31E
3.7
Member
States
should
create
an
enabling
environment
for
the
implementaGon
of
regional
telecommunicaGon
traffic
exchange
points,
with
a
view
to
improving
quality,
increasing
the
connecGvity
and
resilience
of
networks,
fostering
compeGGon
and
reducing
the
costs
of
internaGonal
telecommunicaGon
interconnecGons.
ü OECD
Paper
• Internet
Traffic
Exchange
Market
Developments
and
Policy
Challenges,
OECD
Digital
Economy
Papers
No.
207
hp://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k918gpt130q-­‐en
ü ISOC
IXP
Toolkit
• “The
Internet
Society
was
awarded
a
grant
to
extend
its
Internet
exchange
point
(IXP)
acGviGes
in
emerging
markets
and
developing
countries.”
hp://www.ixptoolkit.org/
13

15. Ecosystem
for
Peering
Ø AddiGonal
fee
for
peering
are
mainly
port
charges
for
IX
providers.
Ø Peering
are
lower
in
cost
than
transit.
Ø Payment
for
peering
ü Eyeball
side
• Local
access
providers
pay
for
construcGon
of
consumer
network.
• Without
contents,
nobody
uses
access
network.
ü Contents
side
• Contents
distributers
pay
for
the
contents
and
network
for
delivering.
• Without
users,
no
content
delivered.
Ø Free
peering
is
an
advantage
for
all
the
parGes.
ü The
majority
of
content-­‐to-­‐end-­‐user
flows
should
be
free.
ü For
all
the
parGes,
peering
is
good
tool
for
promoGon
to
their
customers.
14

16. IX
and
Regulators
Ø Regulators
should
take
neutral
stance
to
peering
if
domesGc
compeGGve
environment
for
their
IP
network
have
been
developed,
ü To
support
growth
and
evoluGon
of
the
Internet
industry.
Ø Regulators
may
support
coordinaGon
and
cooperaGon
among
parGes.
Ø Regulators
may
support
IX
and
intervene
peering
only
if
their
IP
network
is
under
developing
and
compeGGve
environment
is
poor.
15

17. IX
Status
Global
Ø 105
Countries
415
IXPs
ü IX
is
now
increasing
day
by
day.
Ø Tier
of
IX
ü Global
IX
ü Regional
IX
ü NaGonal
IX
ü Local
IX
Ø Types
of
IX
ü A
not-­‐for-­‐profit
independent
organizaGon,
ü A
consorGum
of
ISPs,
ü A
commercial
company,
ü An
Academic
and
research
project
ü A
government
agency,
ü An
informal
associaGon
of
networks
Ø IX
Community
ü Euro-­‐IX
• First
and
Largest
IX
Community.
• Formed
in
2001
ü APIX
ü LACIX
ü AFRIX
ü IX-­‐F
Ø Development
of
NaGonal
IX
Points
ü Some
countries
develop
IX
Points
by
themselves.
ü Some
Global
IX
Providers
foster
IX
Points
in
underdeveloped
regions.
ü Boom
–up
approach
tend
to
be
a
shortcut
to
success.
16

18. IX
Status
Asia-­‐Pacific
Region
Ø APIX“Asia-­‐Pacific
Internet
Exchange”
ü An
associaGon
of
Internet
Exchange
Providers
in
Asia-­‐-­‐-­‐Pacific
region.
ü just
like
Euro-­‐IX
in
Europe
Ø ObjecGves
ü To
share
informaGon
about
technical,
operaGonal,
and
business
issues
and
soluGons
regarding
Internet
Exchange.
Ø APIX
was
established
in
2010
under
the
support
of
APNIC
Ø APNIC’s
support
for
APIX
ü Engineering
assistance
for
organizaGons
needed.
ü APNIC
is
in
a
good
posiGon
to
encourage
on
facilitate
to
share
knowledge
and
experience
among
IX
points
in
the
region.
Ø Members:
16
IXPs
from
12
economies
ü BDIX(BD)
ü HKIX(HK)
ü BBIX,
DIX-­‐IE,
JPIX,
JPNAP(JP)
ü KINX(KR)
ü IIX(ID)
ü NIXI(IN)
ü MyIX(MY)
ü NP-­‐IX(NP)
ü NZIX(NZ)
ü SGIX,SOX(SG)
ü VNIX(VN)
ü Equinix(US,
HK,
JP,
AU)
Ø Contact:
ü sc(at)apix.asia
17

19. IX
Status
Japan
Ø Commercial
IX
Providers:
3
ü JPIX
ü JPNAP(Internet
MulGfeed)
ü BBIX
Ø Academic-­‐based
IX
Providers:
1
ü DIX-­‐IE(WIDE
Project)
Ø Global
IX
Providers:
1
ü Equinix
Ø Traffic
at
IX
in
Japan
ü 20%
to
EsGmated
Total
Traffic
in
Japan
are
exchanged
at
IX
points
according
to
the
report
from
MIC.
ü Traffic
between
huge
telecom
carriers
are
exchanged
by
using
private
peers.
18

20. Thank
you!
Yoshiki
Ishida
Ishida(at)jpix.ad.jp