1. Marwadi Education Foundation
Group of Institutions
Rajkot.
Prepared by :-
Patel Miral
Petroleum Refinery And Its Products

2. 2
Petroleum Refining
Petroleum refining is defined as chemical, thermal and
physical separation of crude oil into major fractions.
These fractions are further processed through separation
and conversion into finished petroleum products.
Refinery is the facility where this process takes place.
Refinery separates the crude oil into smaller fractions in
order to make 2500 separate products.

3. Refining Means. . .
 (i) To reduce to a pure state, to remove impurities.
 (ii) To improve or perfect.
 Salable products are made from crude.

4. What is Crude Oil?
 Mixture of organic carbon chain molecules.
 Impurities include sulfur and nitrogen compounds.
 Some metals and salts too.
 Some modern petroleum refineries process as much as
800000 to 900000 barrels per day of crude oil.

5. Composition of crude oil
Petroleum crude oils are numerous hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons are chemical compounds made up of
predominantly carbon and hydrogen.
Hydrocarbons found in crude oils generally also contain
the elements sulfur and nitrogen. Many crude oils also
contain absorbed levels of the toxic gas hydrogen
sulfide (H2S).

6. Components_ To be removed
Crude oils may contain trace amounts of metals such as
nickel and vanadium, as well as salts.
Most of the non hydrogen, non-carbon elements found
in crude oils are undesirable and are removed from the
hydrocarbons in total or in part during refinery
processing.

7. Refinery Process Flow Chart

8. Petroleum Products
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) :- Mostly a
combination of butane and propane it is heavier than air,
and liquefies under pressure. It is used as a house hold
cooking fuel, & vehicular fuel.
Petrol :- It is used to fuel internal combustion engines,
mainly use in vehicular.

9. Petroleum Products
Kerosene :- Also known as paraffin, is used as
illuminant and cooking fuel in India and other poor
countries, and as a space heating fuel in industrial
countries.
Jet fuel :- It is used in jet planes, is closely akin to
kerosene.

10. Petroleum Products
Diesel :- This oil is used in engines running at 750
revolutions per minute (rpm) or more. It is mostly used
in diesel-powered vehicles.
Naphtha :- It is used to make additives for high-octane
petrol, and to make polymeric plastics and urea, a
nitrogenous fertilizer.

11. Petroleum Products
furnace oil :- furnace oil is made by diluting residual
fuel oil from refining with middle distillates such as
diesel oil. It is used in boilers, bunkers, heaters ,
furnaces, or as fertilizer feedstock. Low sulphur heavy
stock (LSHS) is variant of furnace oil.
Lubricant :- Lubricating oil consists of greases and
viscous oils used to lubricate moving parts in industry,
auto mobiles, railways engines and carriages and marine
engines .