Bible Scholars Online Resources

Ultimate Online Resources For Bible Scholars

Web Directory For Bible Scholars
1. Hebrew Tanakh -Torah, Ketubhim, Nebhiim (Torah, Writings, Prophets better known as The Old Testament)

• http://biblescholarsforums.com - Forum for students of the Bible and Biblical
Scholars
• http://ot.ultimasurf.com - The Hebrew Old Testament - Torah, Ketuvim,
Nevi'im.
• http://tanakh.ultimasurf.com - The Hebrew Tanakh - Torah, Ketubhim,
Nebhiim.
• http://www.mechon-mamre.org/ - The Hebrew Bible (Tanach) in four editions
in Hebrew (including one with cantillation marks), one in Aramaic (Targum
Onqelos), one in English (JPS 1917), and one in parallel Hebrew and English
(voweled Hebrew and JPS English)
• http://www.audioscriptures.org/audio/0123-01/OT/OT.htm - FREE audio
Hebrew Old Testament in MP3 format for downloading. Total size: 683MB
divided into 39 books
• http://www.zalag.net/OTstudies/Hebrew%20Audio.htm - Hebrew Bible
Audio. Only a portion of the Old Testament has been included
• http://www.aoal.org/hebrew_audiobible.htm - Hebrew Bible: Audio Tracks.
This site also offers courses in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Aramaic, and Akkadian
for US$295 for one course per quarter
• http://kodesh.snunit.k12.il/i/t/t0.htm - The Tanakh in Hebrew with the ability
to listen to the audio recitation of the Tanakh. Site is completely in Hebrew
• http://bible.ort.org/books/torahd5.asp - The Torah in Hebrew with English
translation and transliteration and also the ability to listen to the recitation of
the Torah in Hebrew
• http://levsoftware.com/verses.htm - The Hebrew Bible Explorer
• http://www.tanakhml.org - TanakhML Project website provides you with an
Hebrew text browser that enables you to travel over the whole Tanakh in its
fully vocalised and cantillated version. King James Version is also included -
either as a stand-alone text or as a parallel one - to support your readings.
TanakhML Project aims at providing scholars with efficient tools for
travelling over the Bible in Hebrew, as well as with a common descriptive
language for describing the structure of the Bible according to the Jewish
masoretic tradition.
• http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/cgi-bin/602/bible.pl - Hebrew Tanakh & Greek
Septuagint
• http://www.bibles.org.uk - Pentateuchus: Diligenter Revisus Juxta Massorah
Atque Editiones Principes Cum Variss Lectionibus E Mss Atque Antiquis
Versionibus Collectis A C.D. Ginsburg, LL.D. - Torah Hebrew text of The
British British & Foreign Bible Society edited by Dr Christian David
Ginsburg
• Neviim Rishonim : Hebrew text of The British British & Foreign Bible
Society edited by Dr Christian David Ginsburg, Neviim Akharonim : Hebrew

text of The British British & Foreign Bible Society edited by Dr Christian
David Ginsburg, Ketuvim : Hebrew text of The British British & Foreign
Bible Society edited by Dr Christian David Ginsburg
• http://www.bibles.org.uk - Westminster Leningrad Codex Version 4.2 - The
text of Westminster Leningrad Codex (WLC) in Michigan encoding format
• http://www.bibles.org.uk/ - Tanakh : Torah, Prophets, Writings: Massoretic
Text according to Jacob ben Chayim and C.D. Ginsburg with 3701 textual
notes, containing information from the massorah, ancient editions and
targumim
• http://www.bibles.org.uk/ - Second Rabbinic Bible 1524-1525, Jacob ben
Chayim.
• http://www.scripture4all.org/OnlineInterlinear/Hebrew_Index.htm - Online
Hebrew-English Interlinear of the OT
• Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia - published by Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft.
Every Bible scholar must own a copy. Hebrew text of the Tanakh based on
Codex Leningrad with critical apparatus
• Facsimile Edition of Codex Leningrad - Every Bible scholar / serious Bible
student must own a copy! The Leningrad Codex is the oldest complete codex
of the Hebrew Bible -- a codex being a book form, as opposed to scrolls; the
other existing ancient codex, the Aleppo Codex has a few sections missing; it
may be older, but the incomplete nature (especially as it is missing part of the
Torah) make its use limited

• http://www.bibles.org.uk/ - Samaritan Pentateuch
2. Peshitta - Syriac Old Testament

• Peshitta Texts of The Hebrew Bible and Apocrypha (Courtesy of the Peshitta
Institute, Leiden) - The texts are intended to be identical to those published in
the printed editions (The Old Testament in Syriac according to the Peshitta
Version, edited on behalf of the International Organization for the Study of
the Old Testament, Brill, Leiden, in progress.) The main texts of this edition
are primarily the so-called BTR text, i.e. the text of MS Milan, Ambrosian
Library, B.21 inferiore (=7a1), revised as described in the introduction to
those volumes.
3. Septuagint (LXX) - Greek Old Testament

• http://septuagint.org/LXX/
• http://www.ccel.org/bible/brenton/ - English translation of the Septuagint by
Sir Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton (1807-1862) originally published by Samuel
Bagster & Sons, Ltd., London, 1851]

• http://www.bibles.org.uk/pdf/bibles/Greek/LXX-morph.pdf - The Septuagint
(LXX) With Morphological Data by Alfred Rahlfs
4. Aramaic / Syriac New Testament (Peshitta / Peshitto)

• http://aramaicnewtestament.org - Interlinear of the original Aramaic New
Testament. The first HTML Estrangela text of the Peshitta New Testament
online
• http://aramaicnewtestament.com
• http://aramaicnewtestament.net
• http://aramaicnewtestament.info
• http://aramaicnewtestament.com
• http://peshitta.info - English -Aramaic interlinear of the Syriac New
Testament
• http://www.peshitta.org - Interlinear of the original Aramaic / Syriac text of
the New Testament Peshitta by Paul Younan.
• http://www.ultimasurf.net/bible/peshitta/james_murdock/ - English
translation of Peshito by James Murdock
• http://www.peshitta.net/peshitta/index.php - This is based on the Aramaic
Peshitta and is a continuing project of the Nasrani Bible Society
• http://www.syriac-resources.com/ - The Syriac Bible software is designed to
enable its user to search in the Syriac Bible (Peshitta). It shows the results
with apostle name and verse number. Syriac Dictionary and Arabic
translation of Peshitta

• http://www.ultimasurf.net/bible/aramaic/ &
http://www.ultimasurf.net/bible/peshitta/- Interlinear of the Aramaic New
Testament with English translation & commentary. Currently available the
Gospel of Matthew, Mark, & John.
5. Greek New Testament (Η ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ / Novum Testamentum Graece)

• http://greeknewtestament.net - Greek New Testament
• http://greeknewtestament.org - A Greek New Testament Project coming soon.
Currently pointing to Ultimasurf's Greek NT
• http://www.greeknewtestament.com/ - Parallel Greek New Testament -
Stephens 1550 Textus Receptus, Scrivener 1894 Textus Receptus, Byzantine
Majority, Alexandrian, Hort and Westcott editions with Latin Vulgate and 9
English translations
• http://www.zhubert.com/ - Greek New Testament and Hebrew Tanakh
browser online
• http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/biblon/biblon2000.html - Biblon 2000 Greek
New Testament Project
• http://www.greekbible.com/ - The Online Greek Bible
• http://www.ccel.org/a/anonymous/gnt/mp3/ - FREE audio Greek New
Testament in MP3 format for downloading. Greek New Testament (Westcott
and Hort edition), narrated by Marilyn Phemister. Total size: 594MB
• http://www.helding.net/greeklatinaudio/ &
http://www.greeklatinaudio.com/index.html - Internet New Testament Audio
Recording Project - A matter of interest to students of NT Greek & Latin.
This web site offers free MP3 audio-files of high-quality recorded readings of
the NT in fluid koine Greek & vulgate Latin
• http://www.bibles.org.uk/ - Greek New Testament (With Morphological Data)

- The Robinson-Pierpont Majority Text
- Scrivener 1894 Textus Receptus
- Stephanus 1550 Textus Receptus
• http://www.bibles.org.uk/ - The Greek New Testament - Stephanus 1550
Received Text with 6360 textual notes, containing the complete collation of
the four major recensions
• http://www.bibles.org.uk/ - Greek New Testament - Tischendorf 8th edition
with critical apparatus and without critical apparatus
• http://www.bibles.org.uk/ - The New Testament In The Original Greek Text -
The Text established by Ivan Panin by means of Bible numerics
• http://www.scripture4all.org/OnlineInterlinear/Greek_Index.htm - Online
Greek-English Interlinear of the NT
• http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~fisher/gnt/chapters.html & http://www-
users.cs.york.ac.uk/~fisher/gnt/search.html - This is a browsable, Web-based
interface to the Greek New Testament
• Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece 27th edition - Every New
Testament scholar must own a copy. Edited by Barbara & Kurt Aland,
Johannes Karavidopoulos, Carlo M. Martini, and Bruce Manning Metzger
• The Greek New Testament - Fourth Revised Edition with Dictionary - edited
by Kurt Aland, Bruce M. Metzger, etc for United Bible Society

• http://www.evagelio.gr/ - The Bible in Modern Greek
6. Latin Vulgate & Vetus Latina

• http://vulgate.net - St. Jerome's Latin Vulgate (405 A.D.)
• http://vulgate.org - Latin Vulgate with Douay-Rheims English translation side
by side
• http://www.gutenbergdigital.de - The Göttingen Gutenberg Bible (ca. 1454)
published by Johann Gutenberg. All 1282 pages of both volumes
• http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-
vulgata_index_lt.html - Nova Vulgata- Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio.
Sacrosanti Oecumenici Concilii Vaticani II Ratione Habita Iussu Pauli PP. VI
Recognita Auctoritate Ioannis Pauli PP. II Promulgata. Editio Typica Altera
• http://www.fh-
augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Hieronymus/hie_v000.html -
Vulgata - Hieronymiana Versio. Vetus Testamentum, Novum Testamentum,
et Apogryphi
• http://www.intratext.com/X/LAT0001.htm - Hieronymi Vulgata:
Hyeronimiana versio
• http://www.drbo.org/lvb.htm - Latin Vulgate Bible originated about the year
382 A.D. Pope Damasus was the first to draw up a list of the inspired books
for the Roman Council. He commissioned St Jerome to translate the original
Greek and Hebrew texts into Latin. With Douay-Rheims English Bible
translation of the Latin Vulgate
• http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/efts/ARTFL/public/bibles/vulgate.search.html -

ARTFL Project: Latin Vulgate Bible Search Engine
• http://www.vetuslatina.org/ - Resources for the study of the Old Latin Bible

• Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Latine - Latin Vulgate New Testament
edited by Kurt Aland & Barbara Aland
7. Aramaic Targum - Translation of the Hebrew Tanakh into Aramaic

• http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/searching/targumsearch.html - Search Aramaic
Targums of Onqelos, Pesudo-Jonathan, Neofiti, fragments of Targum, with
Masoretic text of Tanakh, and Syriac Peshitta.
• http://www.tulane.edu/~ntcs/pj/psjon.htm - The English translation of
Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel On the Pentateuch With The
Fragments of the Jerusalem Targum From the Chaldee By J. W. Etheridge,
M.A. First Published 1862

• http://targum.ultimasurf.com - English translation of Targums of Onkelos
and Jonathan Ben Uzziel On the Pentateuch with Aramaic text
8. Hebrew Lexicon, Dictionary & Grammar

• http://milon.morfix.co.il/ - Milon Morfix Online Hebrew/ English &
English/Hebrew Dictionary
• http://www.laits.utexas.edu/hebrew/ - The Hebrew Program is part of the
Department of Middle Eastern Studies. The program offers undergraduate
and graduate degrees and concentrates on Modern Hebrew. Students may
choose to focus on Biblical Hebrew as well. Tutorials and Video clips are
available.
• http://www.faithofgod.net/davar/davar.htm - DAVAR is a free hebrew
dictionary/lexicon, running on Windows95/98/ME/NT/W2000/XP platform. It
can be a helpful tool for study of Old Testament language as well as modern
ivrit
• http://www.hebrew4christians.com/ - Here you’ll find basic information
about the Hebrew alphabet, vowels, and Biblical Hebrew grammar so that
you can better understand the Scriptures from a Hebraic point of view. In
addition to learning Biblical Hebrew grammar, this site provides information
about common Hebrew blessings and Jewish prayers, the Tanakh, the Jewish
holidays, and various meditations from a Messianic point of view
• http://www.milingua.com/HebrewBeginnersFree/BeginnersFree.htm - Free
Hebrew Lessons for Beginners
• http://www.milingua.com/Dictionary/_Dictionary.htm - Free Hebrew
Dictionary / Milon
• http://www.milingua.com/a_moreInfo/aHebrewWordInfo.htm - A Hebrew
Word a Day. The free daily "word" edition is usually an entire vocabulary
lesson on a certain concept. It includes a main word, related words, terms,
expressions and examples, which introduce many more words
• The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Unabridged 2-
Volume Study Edition) - by Ludwig Koehler, Walter Baumgartner, M. E. J.
Richardson (translator). The 3rd edition of Koehler & Baumgartner's
Hebrew dictionary is widely regarded as the most up-to-date dictionary for

the Old Testament & related literature in classical Hebrew & Aramaic. The
complete & unabridged translation is being prepared in 4 volumes by an
international team of Hebrew & Old Testament scholars, & will undoubtedly
become the standard modern English dictionary for Biblical Hebrew. The
dictionary contains the complete vocabulary of the Hebrew Bible, extended
with variants from the Oriental & Samaritan textual traditions, the Ben Sira
fragments, the Dead Sea Scrolls, etc
• The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon - by Francis Brown,
S. R. Driver, Charles Briggs. Since it first appeared in the early part of the
20th century, BDB has been considered the finest & most comprehensive
Hebrew lexicon available to the English-speaking student. Based upon the
classic work of Wilhelm Gesenius, the "father of modern Hebrew
lexicography," BDB gives not only dictionary definitions for each word, but
relates each word to its Old Testament usage & categorizes its nuances of
meaning. BDB's exhaustive coverage of Old Testament Hebrew words, as well
as its unparalleled usage of cognate languages & the wealth of background
sources consulted & quoted, render BDB & invaluable resource for all
students of the Bible
• http://www.adath-shalom.ca/gk_cont.htm - Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar As
Edited And Enlarged By The Late E Kautzsch Professor of Theology In The
University of Halle, Second English Edition. Revised In Accordance With The
Twenty-Eighth German Edition (1909) By A. E. Cowley, Oxford at The
Clarendon Press, 1910
• Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar - by William Gesenius. This second English
edition of Gesenius' Grammar, edited and enlarged by the late E. Kautzsch,
stands alone as the definitive reference work on Hebrew grammar. It is
revised in accordance with the 28th German edition by A.E. Cowley, and
includes a facsimile of the Siloam inscription

• A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew: v. 1, pt. 1. Orthography and phonetics; v. 1,
pt. 2. Morphology; v. 2, pt. 3. Syntax (Subsidia Biblica, 14/1-14/2) - by Paul
Jouon, T. Muraoka. As important as William Gesenius' Hebrew grammar
9. Aramaic/Syriac Lexicon , Concordance & Grammar

• http://www.atour.com/~lexicon/ - Aramaic Lexicon and Concordance
• http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/searching/outline_lexicon_search.html - Type a word in
the "lemma" box and select one of the currently available dialects (General,
Babylonian Talmudic, Christian Palestinian Aramaic)
• http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/searching/engoutlex.html - Outline Lexicon Search.
ENGLISH - ARAMAIC
• http://www.cwru.edu/univlib/preserve/Etana/JAST.DICv1/JAST.DICv1.html
- facsimile of "A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and
Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Volume 1) by Marcus Jastrow
• http://www.cwru.edu/univlib/preserve/Etana/JAST.DICv2/JAST.DICv2.html
- facsimile of "A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and
Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Volume 2) by Marcus Jastrow
• http://www.bethmardutho.org/support/syriacdict/download/ - Download

Syriac Dictionary (based on the Syriac Electronic Data Retrieval Archive
(SEDRA) by George A. Kiraz, distributed by the Syriac Computing Institute)
• http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/jastrow/ - A Dictionary of the Targumim, the
Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature by Marcus
Jastrow
• http://www.bethmardutho.org/ebetharke/samples/DJVU/BYU019LexiconToT
heSyriacNewTestament.djvu - Download William Jennings 's Lexicon To The
Syiac New Testament. Need to install DjVu browser Plug-in from LizardTech
• http://www.beith-morounoye.org/syriac/index1.html - Introduction to the
Syriac-Aramaic language
• http://www.assyrianlanguage.com/ - Learn Assyrian Aramaic
• http://www.learnassyrian.com/ - Learn Aramaic Online. Learn to speak the
Syriac-Aramaic language through music. Read and write to build your
vocabulary
• Syriac & Aramaic - Syriac & Aramaic - What's the difference?
• A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the
Midrashic Literature - by Marcus Jastrow. A classic & still standard
resource, Marcus Jastrow's monumental dictionary remains unique in that it
covers both the Hebrew & Aramaic languages in the literature of the rabbinic
period. This indispensable dictionary of targumic & rabbinic literature
includes thousands of entries in fully vocalized Hebrew & Aramaic, with
references to the original texts, clear English definitions, & the full range of
meanings & usages in the sources. It is organized alphabetically by actual
form but includes also reference to a word's root, with abundant cross-
references. Complete in one volume, in original largeprint format, sturdy
binding, & with an index of Scriptural quotations, it is the most
comprehensive single-volume dictionary available for reading early Jewish
texts
• Lexicon To The Syriac New Testament - by M.A. William Jennings
• Lexical Tools to the Syriac New Testament - by George Anton Kiraz. A useful
tool for the teacher & student of beginning Syriac. It presents the common
words which must be learned, lists of homographs, & verbal conjugation
tables. The book is supplemented with a skeleton grammar by Sebastian
Brock

• http://dolabani.noturo.com/Default.aspx?lang=eng - Dolabani's Syriac
Lexicon
10. Greek Lexicon, Dictionary & Grammar

• http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/resolveform?display=&lang=greek -
Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon of Classical Greek (from Perseus site)
• http://www.kypros.org/cgi-bin/lexicon - Greek-English & English-Greek
Dictionary / Lexicon
• http://www.ccel.org/s/smyth/grammar/html/toc.htm - Herbert Weir Smyth's
Greek Grammar (First Edition)
• http://www.extra.rdg.ac.uk/lxx/Visitor/wordlist.asp - The Greek Bible in
Graeco-Roman worlld. Demetrios Database is a database of Septuagint
Greek. This database is an ongoing project by the University of Reading and
is continually being expanded .
• http://www.biblicaltraining.org/classes/greek/greek_f.html - Summary
Lectures on The Basics of Biblical Greek, by Dr. Bill Mounce. These
summary lectures were given at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary
during the fall of 2000 and spring of 2001. This course will take you through
the basics of biblical Greek, from the alphabet to noun and verbal grammar.
The lectures correspond to the second edition of the textbook, Basics of
Biblical Greek, which is due out July 2003.
• http://www.ibiblio.org/koine/greek/lessons/ - Little Greek 101: Learning New
Testament Greek. This is an evolving online textbook for beginning New
Testament Greek
• http://www.ntgreek.org/learn_nt_greek/grkindex.htm - Learn New Testament
Greek.
• http://www.theology.edu/greek01.htm - Elementary New Testament Greek.
by Jim West, ThD.
• http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~ancgreek/ancient_greek_start.html - Ancient
Greek Tutorials, by Donald J. Mastronarde with the assistance of the
Berkeley Language Center of the University of California, Berkeley.
• http://www.xanthi.ilsp.gr/filog/ - Filoglossia: Learning Modern Greek as a
foreign language. Level: Beginners
• http://www.textkit.com/learn/ID/100/author_id/38/ - Greek Grammar by
William W. Goodwin. Goodwin’s Greek Grammar stands with Hadley’s
Greek Grammar as one of the most widely used and longest running Greek
Grammars in America. The grammar has gone through many editions and
reprints for over 130 years, with the last major edition appearing in 1930.
• http://www.textkit.com/learn/ID/105/author_id/39/ - First Greek Book by
John Williams White. Download this free beginner's Classical Greek
textbook. Just as the name says, First Greek Book is a beginning Greek
textbook.
• http://www.textkit.com/learn/ID/139/author_id/61/ - A Brief Introduction to
New Testament Greek by Samuel G. Green. This New Testament grammar,
for beginners, features 128 pages of instruction, lessons and lexicon. An
answer key for the lessons is also available.
• http://www.textkit.com/learn/ID/51/author_id/11/ - Greek Prose Composition
by North and Hillard. This classic 275 page Greek Composition book has
been in use throughout the world for over 100 years. The book features brief
lesson overviews followed by English to Greek composition exercises. A key is

also available to check your work. In the appendix the Greek student will find
useful tables of verb stems, prepositions and particles. This book is suitable
for both beginners and intermediate learners.
• http://www.textkit.com/learn/ID/142/author_id/63/ - Greek Grammar by
Herbert Weir Smyth. Smyth's Greek Grammar is an essential reference
grammar for intermediate and advanced learners. Smyth's Greek Grammar
for Colleges was first published in 1920 and it has been the default source of
reference and citation ever since. At just under 800 pages the grammar is
both broad and thorough in its treatment of Greek Grammar. It features
countless valuable examples to support discussions and there is both a Greek-
English and English-Greek index for handy reference. This grammar is an
absolute must-have for any serious classical scholar
• http://www.textkit.com/tutorials/ - Learn Greek and Latin with Textkit
Tutorials. These tutorials are submitted by Textkit visitors and the tutorials
address a variety of Greek and Latin language topics for beginners,
intermediates and advanced learners
• http://kwoodward.net/greek/template/xample13.htm - Enchiridion. A user-
friendly site for reading Ancient Greek by Elaine Woodward & Marianne
Pagos
• http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/Greek-
english/index124.html - Greek English Dictionary. 'Ελληνας - Άγγλος. λεξικό
& μετάφραση
• http://www.ccel.org/g/goodwin/greekgrammar/htm/TOC.htm - A Greek
Grammar by William W. Goodwin
• A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian
Literature - Edited by Walter Bauer & Frederick William Danker. This is an
invaluable reference work & a tool indispensable for the study of early
Christian literature

• Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Coded with Strong's
Concordance Numbers - by Joseph Thayer. For over a century, Thayer's has
been lauded as one of the best NT lexicons available. Both accessible &
thorough, it is a work suited for the student of New Testament Greek.
Thayer's provides dictionary definitions for each word and relates each word
to its New Testament usage and categorizes its nuances of meaning. Its
exhaustive coverage of New Testament Greek words, as well as its extensive
quotation of extra-biblical word usage and the wealth of background sources
consulted and quoted, render Thayer's an invaluable resource together with
Walter Bauer's Lexicon
11. Latin Lexicon, Dictionary, & Grammar

• http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Latin/ - This dictionary is an
improvisation based on a word-list originally from Lynn H. Nelson of the
University of Kansas
• http://www.textkit.com/learn/ID/108/author_id/13/ - Latin For Beginners by
Benjamin L. D'Ooge. Learn Latin with this free latin grammar. D'Ooge
designed this beginners grammar to prepare the student for reading Caesar.
The grammar consists of seventy-nine lessons divided into three parts
• http://www.textkit.com/learn/ID/113/author_id/41/ - Beginner's Latin Book
by Collar and Daniell. Learn to read Latin with this excellent beginner's
Latin grammar book
• http://www.textkit.com/learn/ID/53/author_id/12/ - A Latin Grammar by
Charles E. Bennett. Learn Latin with the help of this grammar book. For
intermediates, this 287 page grammar provides a good overview of basic
grammar with brief lessons and examples
• http://www.textkit.com/learn/ID/98/author_id/12/ - A New Latin Prose
Composition by Charles E. Bennett. Learn Latin with this 299 page
companion to Charles Bennett's A Latin Grammar. Requires Allen and
Greenough's grammar in order for the student to read the principles behind
each of the exercises.
• http://www.textkit.com/learn/ID/109/author_id/42/ - New Latin Grammar by
Allen & Greenough. This Latin grammar is made available for free and full
download. Allen and Greenough’s New Latin Grammar for Schools and
Colleges is the most widely used Latin reference grammar in America. First
appearing in 1888, the grammar underwent a significant revision in 1903

• Oxford Latin Dictionary - 50 years in the making, the Oxford Latin
Dictionary is the first Latin-English dictionary based on a fresh reading of
original sources & is a comprehensive & authoritative reference work for
students, teachers, professionals, & general readers interested in classical
languages and literature, ancient history, medieval studies, languages, art
history, ancient philosophy, religion, archaeology, law, medicine, & natural
science.
12. Old Testament Manuscripts & The Dead Sea Scrolls

• http://dss.ultimasurf.com - Hebrew Tanakh with the Dead Sea Scroll fonts.
Designed to help Bible scholars and students to read the Dead Sea Scrolls
• http://alpha.reltech.org:8083/cgi-bin/Ebind2html/BibleMSS/7a1 - Images of
Syriac Codex Ambrosiano. Translatio Syro Pescitto Veteris Testamenti ex
codice Ambrosiano by A. M. Ceriani
• http://rosetta.reltech.org/cgi-bin/Ebind2html/TC/FieldOrigenv1 - Origen's
Hexapla. Origenis Hexaplorum : quae supersunt sive veterum interpretum
graecorum in totus Vetus Testamentum fragmenta, vol. 1 by Fridericus Field
• http://rosetta.reltech.org/cgi-bin/Ebind2html/TC/FieldOrigenv2 - Origen's
Hexapla. Origenis Hexaplorum : quae supersunt sive veterum interpretum
graecorum in totus Vetus Testamentum fragmenta, vol. 2 by Fridericus Field
• http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/Taylor-Schechter/ - The Genizah Collection is a
window on the medieval world of the Mediterranean area. Its 140,000

manuscripts fragments, mainly in Hebrew and Arabic, shed light on the
mundane as well as the religious and cultural activities of that world
• http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/Taylor-Schechter/GOLD/ - The Genizah On-Line
Database ( GOLD) This database contains selected Genizah material. The
material includes cataloguing, bibliographical details, and digital images of
fragments
• http://alpha.reltech.org:8083/cgi-bin/Ebind2html/BibleMSS/Freer-DtJosh -
Facsimile of the Washington Manuscript of Deuteronomy and Joshua in the
Freer Collection
• http://alpha.reltech.org:8083/cgi-bin/Ebind2html/BibleMSS/FreerOT1 - The
Old Testament Manuscripts in the Freer Collection. Part I: The Washington
Manuscript of Deuteronomy and Joshua
• http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-
fak/ifa/NRWakademie/papyrologie/PTheol2.html - Scan images of Papyrus
967 (200 A.D.). It covers the Books of Daniel (including Bel & the Dragon and
Susannah) and Esther of the Septuagint.
• http://alpha.reltech.org:8083/cgi-bin/Ebind2html/BibleMSS/TischendorfSinv1
- Bibliorum Codex Sinaiticus Petropolitanus : I: Prolegomena.
Commentarius. Tabulae by Constantine von Tischendorf
- Bibliorum Codex Sinaiticus Petropolitanus : II: Veteris Testamenti Pars
Prior by Constantine von Tischendorf. Chronicles - Malachi
- Bibliorum Codex Sinaiticus Petropolitanus : III: Veteris Testamenti Pars
Posterior by Constantine von Tischendorf. Psalms - Job
• http://www.ao.net/~fmoeller/qumdir.htm - Facsimile of Qumran Great Isaiah
Scroll
• http://www.ao.net/%7Efmoeller/habdir.htm Pesher to Habakkuk - Analysis
of a Qumran Commentary of the Text of Habukkuk and Related Discussion
of Commentary
• http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/scrolls/toc.html - Scrolls from the Dead Sea
(Library of Congress Exhibition). Enoch scroll, Hosea Commentary, the
Prayer of King Jonathan Scroll, Leviticus Scroll , Sabbath Sacrifice Scroll,
Psalms Scroll
• http://www.nb.no/baser/schoyen/5/5.9/ - 10 items are listed here out of a
collection of 58 Dead Sea Scroll fragments from 12 different scrolls, with the
scroll jar and inkwell in addition.
• http://www.nb.no/baser/schoyen/4/4.1/411.html - The Hebrew and Aramaic
Bible

• http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/PROJ/SCR/Scrolls.html - The Dead Sea Scrolls
Project was established by the Oriental Institute during the months that
followed the freeing of the scrolls (autumn 1991). The project was originally
staffed by Dr. Norman Golb, Professor of Jewish History and Civilization, Dr.
Michael Wise, Assistant Professor of Aramaic
13. New Testament Manuscripts

• http://www.uni-
muenster.de/NTTextforschung/Handschriften_Bibelmuseum.html - Digital
collection of New Testament manuscripts atInstitut für neutestamentliche
Textforschung
• http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~gv0/Papyri/P.Heid._Uebersicht.html -
Griechische Papyri der Heidelberger Papyrussammlung. A large collection of
digital images of the hundreds of papyrus fragments at the Institut für
Papyrologie of the University of Heidelberg.
• http://www.nb.no/baser/schoyen/contentnew3.html - Checklist of 600 ancient
manuscripts by Martin Schøyen
• http://www.csntm.org/Manuscripts.aspx - Two of the manuscripts (Codex 669
& Miniscule 2813) are from a private collection in America; one (Lectionary
1683) is from the Institut fuer neutestamentliche Textforschung in Muenster,
Germany
• http://www-user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/Vaticanus/index.html - Comments of
Codex Vaticanus Graece 1209, B/03 by Wieland Willker
• http://www.ifrance.com/bezae/index.html - Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis
• http://rylibweb.man.ac.uk/data1/dg/text/frag2.htm - This small fragment of
St. John's Gospel, less than nine centimetres high and containing on the one
side part of verses 31-33, on the other of verses 37-38 of chapter xviii is one of
the collection of Greek papyri in the John Rylands Library, Manchester. It
was originally discovered in Egypt.
• http://www.princeton.edu/~dcskemer/APISJames1.html - New Testament:
Epistle of St. James ii:26-iii:9. AM 4117 (=P.Oxy. IX 1171), late III c. AD.
• http://www.princeton.edu/~dcskemer/APISJames2.html - p20 - N.T. Epistle of
St. James II.16-18, 22, 24-25, III.2-4. GD 7742 (=P.Princeton II 15), V c. AD
• http://www.lib.umich.edu/pap/exhibits/papyri_james/05_02.jpg - p46 - end of
Romans & beginning of Hebrews
• http://www.earlham.edu/~seidti/iam/tc_pap66.html - p66 Papyrus Bodmer II
200 C.E John 1:1-14
• http://www.earlham.edu/~seidti/iam/tc_pap75.html - p75 Papyrus Bodmer XV
175-225 C.E. contains parts of Luke and John
fak/ifa/NRWakademie/papyrologie/Karte/II_080.html - p86 - Evangelium nach
Matthäus 5, 13-16; 22-25
fak/ifa/NRWakademie/papyrologie/Karte/IV_170.html - p87 - Philemonbrief
13-15; 24-25
• http://www.csad.ox.ac.uk/POxy/papyri/vol50/pages/3523.htm - p90 P.Oxy. L
3523- Gospel of John 18:36 - 19:7
• http://www.onb.ac.at/sammlungen/papyrus/aktuell/news1.htm - p116 is a new
fragment of the Epistle to the Hebrews 2:9-11 and 3:3-6
• http://www.theology.bham.ac.uk/postgrad/cetr/verbum/index2.htm - Vetus
Latina - Resources for the study of the Old Latin Bible. The Vulgate took
many years to become established as the principal Latin Bible. In the
meanwhile, the Old Latin versions continued to be used. Some of these

translations are preserved in Bible manuscripts, in the writings of the Church
Fathers and in early Christian liturgies
• http://www.papyrology.ox.ac.uk/index.html - POxy: Oxyrhynchus Online. A
guide and online database for the Oxyrhynchus Papyri
• http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/papyrus/records/778.html - P.Duk.inv. 778
was formerly P.Rob.inv. 41. Amulet consisting of papyrus fragments from
Egypt. Contains Matthew 6:9-13 (the Lord's Prayer including the doxology)
on the back and Psalm 90 from the Septuagint, the Greek Old Testament, on
the front, both with variants. The crosses preceding the Psalm & following the
Lord's prayer show that the recto was written first.
• http://rosetta.reltech.org/TC/extras/tischendorf-sinaiticus.html - The
Discovery of Sinaitic Manuscript. This extract is taken from Constantin von
Tischendorf, When Were Our Gospels Written? An Argument by
Constantine Tischendorf. With a Narrative of the Discovery of the Sinaitic
Manuscript (New York: American Tract Society, 1866)
• http://www.bbaw.de/forschung/turfanforschung/dta/n/dta_n_index.html -
Digitales Turfan-Archiv: Christlich-soghdische Texte in nestorianischer
Schrift

• http://www.bibles.org.uk/ - Codex Alexandrinus OT Facsimile and Codex
Alexandrinus NT, Codex Sinaiticus Facsimile, Codex Sinaiticus Pseudo-
Facsimile, Codex Vaticanus Facsimile, Codex Vaticanus Pseudo Facsimile,
Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis
14. Apostolic Fathers, Ante-Nicene Church Fathers, Nicene Church Fathers, and Post Nicene Church Fathers

• http://www.ccel.org/l/lake/fathers/toc.htm - Greek text of Barnabas, Clement,
Ignatius, Polycarp, Hermas, Epistle to Diognetus, Didache based on the text of
the Loeb Classical Library
• The Apostolic Fathers: Greek Texts and English Translations - Edited by J.B.
Lightfoot & J.R. Harmer. The Apostolic Fathers, the earliest extant Christian
writings outside the New Testament, are a primary resource for the study of
early Christianity. These writings provide significant and unparalleled insight
into the Christian movement during a critical transitional stage in its history.
This updated edition of Holmess 1992 Greek-English diglot edition of the
Apostolic Fathers is arguably the best collection of these writings available. In
1992 Michael Holmes systematically reviewed the Greek (& in a few instances
the Latin) texts originally edited by J. B. Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer in 1891.
While Lightfoot and Harmer produced a magnificent work for their time,
advances in the past century, including new manuscript discoveries, dictate
that their work be updated. Holmes provided that updated edition complete
with a critical apparatus to substantiate his textual decisions.
• http://www.ultimasurf.net/bible/early-church-fathers/eusebius-caesarea/ -
Eusebius Pamphillus, Bishop of Caesarea, Father of Church history - Proof of
the Gospel, Preparation of the Gospel, etc
• Eusebius' Ecclesiastical History - Translated by C.F. Cruse. Eusebius’
Ecclesiastical History is one of the classics of early Christianity & of equal
stature with the works of Flavius Josephus. Eusebius chronicles the events of

the first 3 centuries of the Christian church in such a way as to record a vast
number of vital facts about early Christianity that can be learned from no
other ancient source. When Eusebius wrote his Ecclesiastical History, his vital
concern was to record facts before they disappeared, & before eye-witnesses
were killed & libraries were burned & destroyed in persecutions by Rome. He
faithfully transcribed the most important existing documents of his day so
that future generations would have a collection of factual data to interpret.
Thus Eusebius (c. A.D. 260-340) richly deserves the title “father of Church
history”

• Eusebius Ecclesiastical History: Books I-V (Loeb Classical Library) - Greek
text of Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius of Caesarea with translation by
Kirsopp Lake
15. Flavius Josephus

• http://www.ultimasurf.net/bible/josephus - The complete works of Josephus.
Translated by William Whiston
• http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Aabo%3Atlg
%2C0526%2C004&query=init.&vers=original - Greek edition of Flavius
Josephus, De bello Judaico libri vii (ed. B. Niese)
Josephus, Antiquitates Judaicae (ed. B. Niese)
Josephus, Josephi vita (ed. B. Niese)
• http://www.dabar.org/Wars-of-Jews-Greek/Belli-b1-000.html - Greek edition
of LOEB Classical Library. Josephus' War of The Jews. Book 1

• The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged, New Updated Edition -
Translated by William Whiston. This renowned reference book has served
scholars, pastors, students, and those interested in the background of the NT
for years. The insight given into the Essene community, the destruction of
Jerusalem & the interpretations & traditions of the OT in first century
Judaism is invaluable. The outlook of Josephus, a late first century Pharisee
& historian, on Jesus & the NT documents is enlightening & provocative. As
an original reference, The Works of Josephus is essential to a full
understanding of the first century, the time of Christ & the NT
16. Misnah & Pirke Avot

• http://chaver.com/Mishnah/TheMishnah.htm - The structured color coded
edition of Mishnah , Hamishnah C'Darchah . All six orders of the Mishnah
are now freely available here in Hebrew (iso-8859-8-i) HTML
• Mishnah - English translation by Herbert Darnby
• The Misnah: A New Translation - English translation by Jacob Neusner

• http://www.ultimasurf.net/bible/pirkeavot - Pirkei Avoth (Hebrew: Chapters
of the Fathers, ‫ ) פרקי אבות‬or simply Avoth is a tractate of the Mishna

composed of ethical maxims of the Rabbis of the Mishnaic period. It is the
second-last tractate in the Mishnaic order Nezikin

17. Talmud

• http://www.e-daf.com/ - Online copy of original Talmud (in Gif format), page
by page
• http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Talmud/talmudtoc.html -
English translation of Talmud
• http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/talmud.htm - The Babylonian Talmud
translated by Michael L. Rodkinson

• http://jnul.huji.ac.il/dl/talmud/ - Online Treasury of Talmudic Manuscripts.
Misnah & Talmud
18. Journals

• http://www.sbl-site.org/ - Society of Biblical Literature
• http://rosetta.reltech.org/TC/TC.html - TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual
Criticism is an electronic journal dedicated to the study of the Jewish and
Christian biblical texts. Articles on any aspect of the textual criticism of the
Jewish and Christian scriptures (including extracanonical and related
literature) are discussed.
• http://syrcom.cua.edu/Hugoye/ - Hugoye : Journal of Syriac Studies
• http://www.jaas.org/ - Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies
• http://www.bsw.org/index.php?l=10 - BSW Journal publishes scientific works
by scholars interested in making available their work through the World
Wide Web.
• http://www.bsw.org/index.php?l=71 - Biblica, published since 1920 by the
Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome is a research journal and appears four
times a year. It is dedicated to biblical studies on the Old and New Testament,
and intertestamentary literature, and covers fields of reseach, such as
exegesis, philology, and history
• http://www.bsw.org/index.php?l=72 - The FILOLOGÍA
NEOTESTAMENTARIA journal is the result of initiative taken by the Area
de Filología Griega of the Departamento de Ciencias de la Antigüedad y de la
Edad Media, University of Cordoba. Within its Scope lies every aspect of New
Testament Greek philology, that is, textual criticism, grammar, semantics,
lexicography and eventually semiotics, and its relationship with Classical or
Hellenistic Greek.
• http://www.ibiblio.org/bhebrew/ - B-Hebrew is an e-mail conference of
academic professionals, teachers, students, clergy and laity, people of any
faith, devoted to a better understanding of the Hebrew Bible.
• http://www.ibiblio.org/bgreek/ - B-Greek is a mailing list for scholars and
students of Biblical Greek.

• http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/JHS/jhs-article.html - Journal of Hebrew
Scriptures

19. Software

• http://www.e-sword.net/ - Free download of Hebrew Tanakh, Septuagint,
Greek New Testament, Latin vulgate, dictionaries, and commentaries (Pocket
PC version is also available for downloading)
• http://www.online-bible.com/winonlinebible.html - Free download of Hebrew
Tanakh, Greek New Testament, Septuagint, and Latin Vulgate

• http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/international/bylanguage/syriac.html - This
script was developed for Aramaic (which is also called Syriac or Assyrian).
Like Arabic and Hebrew, this script is written right to left and has consonants
only. This script is particuarly associated with the Assyrian Christian,
Chaldean Christian, or Syrian Christian church.
20. English Bibles

• http://kjv.ultimasurf.com - King James Bible with Apocrypha. Translated in
1611
21. Rabbi Moses Maimonides (Rambam)

• http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/v-exhibitions/rambam/eng/foreword.html -
Mishnah, Avot, Talmud, Mishneh Torah, Responsa, Commandment, Guide
For The Perplexed (Moreh ha-Nevukhim), Epistle to the Yemenite Jews
(Iggeret Teman), Resurrection, Letter on Forced Conversions, Perek Helek,
Treatise on Logic, Medical Writings, Epistles
22. Bible Trivia

• http://www.ultimasurf.net/bible/trivia.htm - Take a Bible test to see whether
you are a Bible scholar!
23. Bible Code

• http://www.biblecodedigest.com/ - Bible Code Digest: Isaac Newton Bible
Code Research Society - Presenting compelling empirical evidence that the
Bible was written by an intelligence far beyond the abilities of mankind
24. Commentary

• http://www-user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/TCG/index.html - An Online Textual
Commentary on the Greek Gospels by Wieland Willker. This commentary
discusses the 1000 most important textual variants of the Gospels, plus about
500 minor ones, on about 2200 pages

• http://www.dabar.org/RHCharles/Revelation/contents.htm - A Critical and
Exegetical Commentary on The Revelation of St. John by R.H. Charles.
Volume 1
25. Textual Criticism

• http://www.bible.org/page.asp?page_id=2439 - Textual Criticisim Series (Real
Audio Video). Dr. Daniel B. Wallace has been visiting churches for the past
few years, giving a short series on the history of the transmission of the New
Testament--from the pens of the apostles to the printed page. The first part of
the series shows how textual critics go about determining the original text
from the 5,500 existing Greek manuscripts. It's an interactive exercise: The
audience first takes on the role of ancient scribes, then modern textual critics:
they actually create manuscripts that they later need to sift through, trying to

get back to the original wording of the text. In two hours, lay folks get a very
good feel for what textual criticism is all about
• Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible - Emanuel Tov. Emmanuel Tov is J. L.
Magnes Professor of Bible at Hebrew University, Jerusalem. He is editor-in-
chief of the Dead Sea Scrolls publication project, & his publications include
The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research (2nd ed. 1997),
The Greek Minor Prophets Scroll from Na.hal .Hever (DJD, 1990), The Dead
Sea Scrolls on Microfiche (1992–93), & The Greek & Hebrew Bible: Collected
Essays on the Septuagint (1999). Emmanuel Tov of Hebrew University
• The Text of the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Biblia Hebraica -
Ernst Wurthwein. Translated by Erroll F. Rhodes. This book is ostensibly an
introduction to Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, a standard work giving the
text of the Hebrew Bible & a list of variants & plausible emendations. It
serves that function superbly, but it is also one of the best books ever written
on the textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible
• The Text of the New Testament an Introduction to the Critical Editions and
to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism - Kurt Aland &
Barbara Aland. If you're a serious Bible student, and want to know which
manuscripts are the most "weighty", & why certain readings are chosen over
other variant reading to go in the NT Text we have today then this is the book
for you!

• The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and
Restoration - Bruce Manning Metzger. For more than 25 years the standard
account of the compilation and transmission of the NT, this text offers a
comprehensive survey of ancient & newly-discovered manuscripts, &
considers both the science & art of textual criticism as applied to the
interpretation of manuscripts. Containing references to more than 150
additional books & articles dealing with Greek manuscripts, early versions, &
critical studies of witnesses to the text of the NT, it covers a variety of textual
problems & provides an objective account of the several schools of textual
methodology

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