This document provides an analysis of video streaming on multiple devices wirelessly. It discusses the research methodology, including the inductive approach used and resources required like computers, wireless transmitters, and surveillance equipment. It describes testing the streaming performance of the Buffer and Rate Optimization for Streaming (BROS) algorithm. The document outlines problems that may be encountered with wireless networks like inability to connect or slow performance. It provides references to support the analysis.

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ANALYSIS VIDEO STREAMING ON MULTIPLE DEVICES WIRELESSLY
by [Name]
Course
Professor’s Name
Institution
Location of Institution
Date

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1.
Acronyms List
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
URL - Uniform Resource Locator

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3.0 Research Methodology
3.1 General Introduction
The initial motivation of this thesis is to analyse video streaming and mention the
techniques that will improve video streaming on multiple devices wirelessly. Applying of some
of the techniques that are required in the experiment are rate selection and play-out buffer
optimization.
The method used to collect information can significantly affect the degree of efficiency,
which in turn influences the validity and reliability of the research. Therefore, it is necessary to
consider accurately the techniques that can be used to provide both relevant and suitable
information. Utilizing the current research of the qualitative and quantitative research methods,
and collection of data from streaming test.
3.2 Aspects
3.2.1 Research Strategy
The research for the dissertation will proceed by literature review and video streaming
over wireless networks.
3.2.2 Research Approach
Since the study is qualitative in nature, it follows an inductive approach. Accordingly, the
research will begin with accurate observations that will be used to produce generalized theories
and conclusions. Another reason for using the inductive method is because it acknowledges the
context where research effort is active. However, the method provides generalized theories based
on limited information and, thus, the compromising of the reliability of the results.

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3.2.3 Resources
The study will require five computers with wireless network adapter cards and running
Windows operating system, wireless transmitter, IEEE 802.11b with wireless Ethernet
connection, and surveillance equipment like a smartphone. IEEE 802. Thus, has become a
learning with great opportunity both indoors and classroom learning. According to
standardization with regular updates by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers ( IEEE) LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE 802), the recent amendments to the
wireless network transmission products are designed to support a use of the Wi-Fi brand
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2017). However, useful customization and
standardization of technical information is the primary requirement to ensure efficient data
maintenance. File format generated by LaTeX is *.tex; it is readable and editable in any text
editor, as it contains plain text without any hidden complicated format codes or great binary
instructions. For this project, the mark- up tagging conventions of LaTeX2e will be in use as the
current software version, as the powerful and highly customizable typesetting software called
which can separate the content and the design. Additionally, LaTex is used for typesetting
professional research papers.
3.2.4 Sampling
The sampling frame will include scholarly articles, websites, and books. The sampling
will take the judgmental approach where the most productive samples to address the research by
choosing questions. Most studies, including the study by Catalan-Cid et al. (2010), used a similar
technique. On the other hand like that by Zhu and Girod (2007) used theoretical sampling,
particularly homogeneous sampling to reduce vulnerability to bias and errorby. Nguyen, et al.
(2011) proofing on using routing metric was that accounts for the link quality. For this project,

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homogeneous sampling techniques were used as cost and time-effective based on considerations
of data validity and reliability (Acharya et al. 2013).
3.3 Experiment Information (Primary Research)
The multitask channel is unique per the experiment. Therefore, the ORBIT test -bed has an
indoor radio grid emulator.
3.4 Qualitative/Quantitative Research
Interviews are the primary source the qualitative research. Therefore we can see the whole
process of online observation and various technologies. Thus learning on using systematic methods to
validate and triangulate observations.
3.4.1 Data requirements: validity and reliability
Analyzing data from different perspectives is useful in evaluating the consistency of
information. In this light, document analysis will be used in conjunction with triangulation to
ensure the validity. Rothbauer (2008) suggested that triangulation is one of the best methods to
tackle the issue of data validity. Also, weaknesses rather than a use of single-theory, single-
method, or single-observation study: Thereby, determine the trustworthiness of electronic
databases be determined by paying particular attention to the domain extension; for example,
extensions like .edu, .org and .gov will indicate that the sponsoring organization for the website
is an accredited university, reputable non-profit organization, and government institution
respectively (Cse.wustl.edu 2017). Sun, Vetro, and Xin (2007) ensured the reliability by
restricting the search to educational institutional websites. On the contrary, the research by Ni
(2016) disregarded this consideration by quoting unreliable sources like Wikipedia.

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3.5 Requirements of Data: Comparison of BROS Algorithm to Improve Streaming
Performance
This experiment is on basis of analysis of video streaming on multiple devices.
Therefore, the method with the assistive use of laptop, tablet and smartphone devices that can

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support wireless connection standards. Priory, comparatively to the present data measurement
choice, the similar experiment was provided by Mingzheli and Kinicki (2009) to test conditions
of poor quality video streaming in data transmission over long distance. The choice of
"streaming rate selection and buffer optimization algorithms" presented in the article is in favor
for the "Buffer and Rate Optimization for Streaming (BROS) algorithm to improve streaming
performance" (p. 26).
The overall effectiveness of the BROS uses bandwidth estimation tool specifically for
wireless networks and the model. Based on its ability to model "the relationship between buffer
size, streaming data rate, and available bandwidth distribution" and optimize "the streaming data
rate and initial buffer size, resulting in a high data rate but with few frame losses and buffer
underflow events, while still keeping a small initial buffer delay." (p.26). Furthermore, BROS is
set to follow IEEE 802.11 standards to be an essential element of the Emulated Streaming
(EmuS) client-server system to be used on various wireless conditions. This algorithm is proved
to be useful for different network bandwidth conditions to "reduce degradations in performance
caused by changes in the available bandwidth along the path of the streaming flow" (p.26).
BROS helps to slow down the media play-out rate "at the client to reduce the consumption rate
and aid prevent buffer underflow" to facilitate data transmission throughout long distances so
that user applications may decode data under the condition of less traffic consumption rate. The
smoothness of inter arrival time variance is the critical factor in available bandwidth that helps to
manage streaming packets. In this relation, Mingzheli and Kinicki (2009) experimentally proved
that "if the available bandwidth is less than the streaming rate, the expected arrival rate at the
play-out buffer will also be less than the streaming rate."(p. 30).

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Where, R is –gm ,
Av is -out
Figure2. Streaming rate and available bandwidth
The traditional technique of bandwidth estimation is on basis by use of the application
measurements to justify the rate selection. The play-out buffer model in testing use is shown on
Figure3. Play-out buffer model 29

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Practically, to provide the adequate estimation of bandwidth, novel transport protocols for
streaming media should be considered, including a TCP-friendly "trial-and-error" scaling, used
for sizing play-out buffers. The control on the selection of the streaming rate is on base by cross-
layer approach (Mingzheli and Kinicki, 2009, p.28).the examples of these are the data transfer,
router failure management, router change management and congestion control mechanism.
Next, a simple streaming test will be conducted to acquire greater realism and reduce the
extent to which facts can criticize as contrived. Video streaming tests will be carried out on
multiple devices to investigate the performance of wireless networks. The streaming application
from streamtest.net will be used to measure the quality of streaming experience for users
(Kazemi,et al., 2013). The stream test diagnostic tool will be useful since it reports the most
common problems in a transparent manner. In the current study, it will be used to simulate and
assess the streaming experience of multiple users over wireless networks. The test will apply the
star topology since it is the standard topology for 802.11- based products.
The streamtest.net diagnostic utility will be used to examine the effect of realistic
viewing to the performance. The test will involve analyzing and sampling the relevant test
parameters and data points that constitute the individual end-user streaming experience while
streaming. The streaming URL will be validated by copying the link to the platform and pressing
the "Start Test" button. Once the completion of the minute-long test, all the data gathered will be
calculated and provided in an organized manner for different stakeholders within the streaming
video ecosystem. The rendering results will be in two pages, namely basic and advanced as
shown in Fig. 3. In this case, the results will be viewed from the high-level panel since it
provides useful information for technically inclined users.

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3.5.1 Bandwidth limitations
The effectiveness of distribution the speed of traffic accessible to upload or download,
Internet service providers should apply limitations on bandwidth to ensure the stability of data
processing among all users, based on the principle of equality (Gumenyuk, et al., 2014).This
policy works very well, when users get "throttle" limits or "capping" to restrict their video
streaming potential, for the sake of stability of network work, in the interests of other users. In
fact, the popularity of video streaming channels (e.g. Netflix) encouraged many users to cancel
cable TV subscriptions to watch movies and other videos online. However, "capping" applied by
providers restricts their opportunity to ensure stable video streaming channels for steady work
since they pass over the limit of traffic. However, it is possible to "uncap" the channel, and this
may lead to problems with provider services since having been caught for violation of the policy
of services use. Regularly, bandwidth limitation applied per user is that h/she cannot download
more than 1Mb of data per second.

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Figure 3. Test scenario
3.5.2 Data analysis
The study will involve skimming, reading, interpretation of materials, and thematic
analysis. Classification on the central theme of the research will be by the solid understanding of
the transmission issues in video streaming, supported by evidence.
3.5.3. Merits
Clearly, the collection of most data will be from articles. This method allows access to
information that would otherwise be difficult (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2009).

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The research by Li, Claypool, and Kinicki (2009) showed that using scholarly articles eliminates
the influence that people may have in the process.
3.5.4 Constraints
The information given by different authors may be incomplete or idiosyncratic. In fact,
Ahmed (2010) warned that the research is only a step in the analysis of streaming and thus it
leaves many areas for future studies. Golwelkar and Woods (2007) and Bowen (2009) pointed
out that the publishing usability and quality of sources depend on the domain.
3.5.5 Problems encountered
Throughout experimental testing, the following problems concerning the wireless
network, have been encountered:
3.5.5.1 Inability of a wireless client to connect to the network
The problem is that some users may detect a wireless connection point but do not have an
ability to connect to it with their devices. The inability to connect to the wireless point may be
caused by “noises” from other devices (microwaves, cordless phones) that are barriers to
establish a connection. The effective resolution to the problem is to provide monitoring of the
network with software tools and conduct the site survey to reveal problems at the user side.
3.5.5.2 Slow application performance
The symptoms of the problem are sluggish data processing, freezing of an image on an
individual screen point. The problem may be encountered, because of a server or network failure
to process requests. The effective resolution will be to double check Ethernet-based errors (e.g.
Collisions, FCS Errors, Alignment Errors, etc.) to prevent packet loss.

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