NEORSD's SewerU: Learn About Your Regional Sewer System
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The history of sewers and the future of clean water in Greater Cleveland
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NEORSD's SewerU: Learn About Your Regional Sewer System
- 2. Presentation available at neorsd.org/sewerU Tweet with @neorsd #SewerU Next sewermester: Tuesday, January 26, 1:00-3:00 p.m neorsd.org/SewerU2016.
- 6. Your SewerU syllabus • NEORSD Responsibilities • Urban Water Cycle • Sewer System 101 • WWTP 101 • Issues, Challenges and Solutions
- 7. Your SewerU syllabus • NEORSD Responsibilities • Urban Water Cycle • Sewer System 101 • WWTP 101 • Issues, Challenges and Solutions
- 8. Who We Are… • Created in 1972 by Court Order • Servicing all or part of 62 member communities • 1 million customers • 90+ billion gallons wastewater treated each year
- 9. Key Responsibilities • WWTP Operation – Easterly, Southerly, Westerly • Combined and Separate Interceptors – Construction, Operation and Maintenance • Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Control • Regional Stormwater Management
- 12. Over 40 years of investment • Since 1972: $4+ billion – Wastewater treatment plants – Interceptor and relief sewers – CSO control and interceptor rehab – Other facility upgrades
- 13. Your SewerU syllabus • NEORSD Responsibilities • Urban Water Cycle • Sewer System 101 • WWTP 101 • Issues, Challenges and Solutions
- 15. Your SewerU syllabus • NEORSD Responsibilities • Urban Water Cycle • Sewer System 101 • WWTP 101 • Issues, Challenges and Solutions
- 18. Sewer system 101 • During the 1800s, growing cities built storm sewers to prevent street flooding.
- 20. Sewer system 101 • 1880s-90s: Sanitary sewers from houses connected to existing storm drains (creating numerous water quality problems)
- 21. Combined sewers • Matter of evolution, then matter of choice – “For the closely built up sections of your city, where the streets are all paved, and much organic matter is washed away by the rain water, the separate or double system is not to be recommended, because the rain water channels would become almost as foul as the sewers and require a similar treatment, therefore making the separation uncalled for and more expensive.” — R. Hering, 1882
- 22. Sewer system 101 • 1899-1939: Construction of “Intercepting Sewers” to collect sanitary flow, and deliver it to Lake Erie and Cuyahoga River at three outfall locations (consolidate water quality problems)
- 24. Interceptor sewers • “Highways” of sewer system, collecting wastewater from smaller sewers serving individual streets
- 25. “Dilution is the solution to pollution.”
- 26. Sewer system 101 • 1922-1938: Treatment plants built at locations of the three outfalls: Easterly, Westerly, Southerly
- 27. WWTP Regulator Industrial Wastewater Street Catch Basins Domestic Wastewater Flow to WWTP Combined Sewer Lake Erie Combined Sewer OverflowDry weather outlet (DWO) Storm Water Outlet (SWO) Combined sewer system
- 28. Combined sewer system • Regulating structures allow excess stormwater to overflow Side-spill weir Overflow pipe SWO SWO DWO DWO
- 30. Typical automated regulator UNDERGROUND EQUIPMENT VAULT REGULATOR TO TREATMENT PLANT TO LAKE INFLATABLE DAM
- 32. Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)
- 34. Combined sewer area: 124 CSOs 75 sq. miles
- 35. CSOs impact water quality • When it rains, the bacteria levels at local beaches and streams will be elevated
- 39. 98% CAPTURE 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Baseline (1970s) Current(2011) Target (2036) 9 4.5 0.494 TypicalYear CSOVolumeRemaining(BG)Consent Decree significant CSO reduction in 25 years
- 40. CSO Long-Term Control Plan Consent Decree Estimated $3B investment in CSO control measures over 25 years
- 42. • 3+ miles long • 24 ft. diameter • 60 MG storage • 300 MG CSO Reduction Euclid Creek Tunnel $195 million ($3 million under budget)
- 43. Euclid Creek Tunnel $195 million ($3 million under budget)
- 44. Euclid Creek Tunnel $195 million ($3 million under budget)
- 45. Euclid Creek Tunnel $195 million ($3 million under budget)
- 46. …plus Green Infrastructure • 9 ambassador projects • Assessing opportunities for more
- 47. Green Infrastructure: Stormwater out of Combined system Courtyard by Marriott: Redevelopment + Sand = GI Opportunity No stormwater runoff from this site through 100-year storm
- 48. Green Infrastructure Funding: Transformed Public Square
- 49. Separate Sewer System Street Catch Basins Industrial Wastewater Domestic Wastewater Storm Sewer WWTP Flow to WWTP Sanitary Sewer Lake Erie
- 50. COMBINED STORM SANITARY Combined vs. Separate • 1920s-1960s: evolution from combined sewers to separate sewers built in a common trench
- 51. Over/underDividing wall manhole Separate manhole Combined vs. Separate
- 52. Over/under sewers use a plate in manholes to keep storm flows out of the sanitary sewer.
- 53. Combined vs. Separate • 1960s-today: evolution from common trench sewers to truly separate sewers in many areas STORM SANITARY SANITARY STORM
- 54. Separate sewer problems • Cross-connections (storm to sanitary or sanitary to storm) SANITARY STORM
- 56. Separate sewer problems • Constructed sanitary sewer overflows to relieve full sanitary sewers during rain SANITARY STORM
- 57. Sanitary Sewer Overflows • SSO Structures • Basement Flooding • Surcharged sewers • Common trench sewers
- 58. Inflow
- 59. Types of Sewers in the District’s Service Area • Combined • Common Trench (storm and sanitary) • Separate Trench (storm and sanitary)
- 60. Sewer System Types District Service Area
- 61. NEORSD Obligations: • CSOs • WWTPs Local CWA Obligations: • SSOs • Illicit Discharges & Connections • Stormwater Outfalls • Septic Tanks 312 miles District-owned sewers and interceptors 3,107 miles Locally-owned sewers and interceptors
- 62. Rainfall and level of service • Combined Sewer Systems – 5+ year storm • Storm Sewers and Culverts – 5 to 50+ year storm • Stormwater “level of service” will be a key issue
- 63. Your SewerU syllabus • NEORSD Responsibilities • Urban Water Cycle • Sewer System 101 • WWTP 101 • Issues, Challenges and Solutions
- 65. The treatment process 1 Preliminary 2 Primary 3 Secondary 4 Disinfection
- 67. 90 Billion Gallons Treated Annually 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Easterly WWTP Southerly WWTP Westerly WWTP
- 68. Wastewater Treatment Process • Preliminary Treatment • Primary Treatment • Secondary Treatment • Disinfection • Solids Handling
- 69. Southerly
- 70. Preliminary Treatment Mechanical Bar Rakes
- 72. Preliminary Treatment Aerated Grit Channel
- 73. Preliminary Treatment Grit Collection & Disposal
- 74. Primary Treatment Primary Settling Tank
- 75. Secondary Treatment Activated Sludge – Aeration Tanks Trickling Filters Stalked Ciliates Rotifer Paramecium Amoeba
- 76. Aeration Process Blowers 1250 HP, 24000 SCFM Secondary Treatment
- 77. Final Settling Tank Secondary Treatment
- 83. Your SewerU syllabus • NEORSD Responsibilities • Urban Water Cycle • Sewer System 101 • WWTP 101 • Issues, Challenges and Solutions
- 84. What is a watershed? • Watershed: An extent of land where water from precipitation drains downhill into a body of water, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, or wetland.
- 85. Northeast Ohio major watersheds
- 86. Subwatersheds
- 87. Regional Stormwater System = Channels and pipes draining 300 acres or more. Approximately 400 miles.
- 88. Stormwater run-off • Erosion • Water Quality • Flooding
- 89. Mandate • Judge McMonagle mandated the District – “develop a detailed integrated capital improvement plan for regional management of wastewater collection and storm drainage to identify a capital improvement program for the solution of all intercommunity drainage problems (both storm and sanitary) in the District.”
- 90. Mandate • ORC Chapter 6119 Authority • January 7, 2010 Board approval of Title V Stormwater Management Code
- 91. 2002 Study: 513 Problem Locations Identified 372%
- 95. Streambank erosion along Chippewa Creek
- 96. Middleburg Heights/Brook Park, Ohio along Abrams Creek
- 97. Streambank erosion on Mill Creek threatens Warner Road in Garfield Heights, Ohio
- 98. Debris along Dugway Brook, Cleveland Heights, Ohio
- 99. Streambank erosion along Stickney Creek
- 100. Streambank erosion, Baldwin Creek, August 2011
- 101. Regional Stormwater Management • Funding the Solutions: – More than $228 million in backlogged stormwater-related projects – Implement fee to customers (residential and commercial) based on impervious surface
- 104. We will perform inspection and maintenance
- 105. We will build projects
- 106. We will encourage good practices
- 108. Litigation Timeline for RSMP • 4/21/2011: Judge Pokorny rules in favor of the District Regional Stormwater Program • 1/1/2013: Program goes live • 9/26/2013: 8th District Court of Appeals rules against the Program, all District Stormwater activities suspended
- 109. Litigation Timeline for RSMP • 2/19/2014: Ohio Supreme Court decides to hear case • 9/10/2014: Ohio Supreme Court Hearing
- 111. Where we were….
- 112. Where we are today The Cuyahoga River “is in its best shape since the Civil War” Chuck Boucher, OEPA (Akron Beacon Journal 10/06/08)
- 113. Monitoring Stream Health • Water Chemistry • Habitat • Fish • Macroinvertebrates
- 114. Water Chemistry Sampling • Grab samples • Data sondes • Toxicity testing • Fish tissue
- 115. Water Chemistry Results Ammonia concentration at site downstream of Southerly WWTC 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 1984 1985 1987 1988 1990 1991 1992 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 Year AverageAmmoniaConcentration (mg/L) Nitrification started at Southery WWTP
- 116. Graph from Ohio E
- 117. Habitat Evaluation • Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) • Upstream of navigation channel = Good/Excellent • Navigation channel = Poor – Artificial habitat
- 118. Fish Community Health • Electrofishing – Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) – Modified Index of Well-Being (MIwb)
- 121. Pollution-Intolerant Fish Stonecat Madtom Mimic Shiner
- 122. Macroinvertebrate Community Health • Quantitative & qualitative sampling – Hester-Dendy sampler – Invertebrate Community Index (ICI)
- 127. Challenges Image courtesy Ohio Sea Grant
- 128. Challenges • Algae and microcystins – Improved monitoring. Collaboration? • Nonpoint sources • Pharmaceuticals • Regulatory climate
- 132. Presentation available at neorsd.org/sewerU Tweet with @neorsd #SewerU Next sewermester: Tuesday, January 26, 1:00-3:00 p.m neorsd.org/SewerU2016.