Magnets produce magnetic fields due to the motion of electrons within their atoms. In substances like iron, cobalt, and nickel, most electrons spin in the same direction, making the atoms strongly magnetic. There are different types of magnets including permanent magnets made of materials like cobalt, and temporary magnets that are diamagnetic, paramagnetic, or ferromagnetic. Electromagnets are another type of magnet that use electric currents to generate magnetic fields. Magnets can have different shapes that produce distinct magnetic field patterns, such as bar magnets generating field lines between their poles and ring magnets producing closed circular field lines.

1. MAGNETS
SHAPES AND FIELDS
Presented by :2020phy5
Presented to :DR SAIMA

2. Why Magnet is Magnet?
Magnetism is the force exerted by magnets when they attract or repel each
other.
• Magnetism is caused by the motion of electric charges.
Every substance is made up of tiny units called atoms.
Each atom has electrons, particles that carry electric charges. Spinning like
tops, the electrons circle the nucleus, or core, of an atom. Their
movement generates an electric current and causes each electron to act
like a microscopic magnet.
• In most substances, equal numbers of electrons spin in opposite directions,
which cancels out their magnetism. That is why materials such as cloth or
paper are said to be weakly magnetic. In substances such as iron, cobalt,
and nickel, most of the electrons spin in the same direction. This makes
the atoms in these substances strongly magnetic

3. What is Magnet?
An object which is capable of producing magnetic field.
• Types of magnets w.r.t field
• Permanent magnets(cobalt)
• Temporary magnets
1. Diamagnetic
2. Paramagnetic
3. Ferromagnetic
• Electromagnets

4. Behaviour of Different Materials

5. TYPES OF MAGNETS w.r.t SHAPE
• Bar Magnets.
• Horseshoe Magnets.
• Disc Magnets.
• Sphere Magnets.
• Cylinder Magnets.
• Ring Magnets.

6. SHAPES:

7. Field of Bar Magnet

8. Field of Horseshoe Magnet

9. Field of Disc Magnet

10. Field of Sphere Magnet

11. Field of Cylinder Magnet

12. Field of Ring Magnet