Chapter 3 - Atoms

ATOMS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER Chapter 3

Law of Conservation of Mass ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Who are these men? In this lesson, we’ll learn about the men whose quests for knowledge about the fundamental nature of the universe helped define our views.

Democritus ,[object Object],[object Object],400 BC

Atomos ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Atomos ,[object Object],[object Object]

Why? ,[object Object],Aristotle and Plato favored the earth, fire , air and water approach to the nature of matter. Their ideas held sway because of their eminence as philosophers. The atomos idea was buried for approximately 2000 years.

Dalton’s Model ,[object Object]

Dalton’s Atomic Theory ,[object Object]

continued... ,[object Object],[object Object]

continued... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Was he right? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Thomson’s Plum Pudding Model ,[object Object]

Thomson Model ,[object Object],[object Object]

Thomson Model ,[object Object],Where did they come from?

Was Thomson Right? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Thomson concluded that the negative charges came from within the atom. A particle smaller than an atom had to exist . The atom was divisible! Thomson called the negatively charged “ corpuscles, ” today known as electrons . Since the gas was known to be neutral, having no charge, he reasoned that there must be positively charged particles in the atom. But he could never find them.

Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment ,[object Object]

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Rutherford’s Findings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ Like howitzer shells bouncing off of tissue paper!” Conclusions:

The Rutherford Atomic Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

So... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Are we there yet? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Modern Atomic Model ,[object Object]

The Wave Model ,[object Object],[object Object]

Electron Cloud: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Electron Cloud: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Indivisible Electron Nucleus Orbit Electron Cloud Greek X Dalton X Thomson X Rutherford X X Bohr X X X Wave X X X

Modern Atomic Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Atom Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Atomic Number ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mass Number Mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an isotope: Mass # = p + + n 0 8 8 18 18 Arsenic 75 33 75 Phosphorus 15 31 16 Nuclide p + n 0 e - Mass # Oxygen - 10 - 33 42 - 31 15

Complete Symbols ,[object Object],X Mass number Atomic number Subscript -> Superscript ->

Symbols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Br 80 35

Symbols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Isotopes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Isotopes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Naming Isotopes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Isotopes are atoms of the same element having different masses , due to varying numbers of neutrons. Isotope Protons Electrons Neutrons Nucleus Hydrogen–1 (protium) 1 1 0 Hydrogen-2 (deuterium) 1 1 1 Hydrogen-3 (tritium) 1 1 2

Chapter 3 - Atoms

Chapter 3 - Atoms

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Chapter 3 - Atoms