SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 75
Baixar para ler offline
BY- VINOD VARGHESE ANTONY
ADJECTIVES
Adjectives
 Adjectives are Noun Modifiers, as they generally
describes some aspect of Nouns. Conventional
grammar describes and adjective as a word which
qualifies a Noun, while modern grammar defines it as
a word which modifies a noun.
 Eg: Good, kind, soft, happy, brave, hot, sweet, healthy,
bad, beautiful, distant, friendly, black, cool, correct,
fortunate, etc.
Kinds of Adjectives
 Adjectives of Quality: They describe the
quality of the nouns which they relate. Hence
they may also be called Descriptive Adjectives.
 Eg: intelligent boy, good news, narrow road,
beautiful flower, honest man, strong wind,
sweet voice, clever girl, cruel dictator, difficult
problem, patient man, heavy box.
Proper Adjectives: They are derived
from Proper nouns.
Eg: Herculean task, the French
Revolution, Atlantean shoulders, the
English language, Victorian building.
Participle adjectives: These have the form
of the –ing participle or the –ed/en
participle of Verbs.
Eg: flying saucers, rising sun, flowing
water, fallen leaves, defeated army,
wounded soldier, forsaken child, burnt
toast, burning issue.
Possessive adjective: These are the
Possessive case forms of the personal
pronouns.
Eg: My pen, our duty, your house,
their car, his parents, her bag, its tail,
its paw, his fame, her coat.
Demonstrative adjectives: These
include
Definite demonstratives: this, that ,
these, those, such, same.
Indefinite demonstratives: some, any,
a certain
Adjective of Quantity: These
adjectives help to show the amount or
the approximate amount of the noun
or pronoun.
Eg: much, little, enough, sufficient,
half, whole, ample.
Numerical Adjectives: These include
Cardinals: one, two, three, etc. (they
indicate the exact number)
Ordinals: first, second, third, fourth,
etc. (they indicate the numeral order)
Indefinite Numerals: many, few, all, a
lot of, some, several.
Interrogative adjectives (Wh-words): These
are Adjectives used to suggest a selection
from a given number or quantity:
Eg: Which book is yours?
What books do you read usually?
Whose poem do you like most?
How many chapters did you read yesterday?
Exclamatory Adjectives: What, What a
Eg: What nonsense! (Uncountable noun)
What a good idea! (Countable noun)
Epithet Adjectives: These are nouns
functioning as Adjectives.
Eg: rubber factory, biscuit company, Arts
and Science College, radio station, brass
button, lady doctor, police station, blood
bank, baby tooth.
Comparison of Adjectives
 When we want to compare two or more nouns
using adjectives, we use the comparative and
superlative forms of the adjective to show the
comparison between the nouns.
 Examples:Honey is sweet, sugar is sweeter but
victory is the sweetest.
 In this sentence, we are comparing the three
nouns using the positive, comparative and
superlative forms of the word ‘sweet’.
Positive Form
These are the simple adjectives that simply
describe the noun without comparing it to
another - big, sweet, clean, etc.
Eg:
 She has a big black dog.
 He is a sweet boy.
 The cupboard is clean.
Comparative Form
 These are used when we are comparing two
nouns and need to show which noun possesses
the adjective or character in a greater or lesser
amount, when compared with the other. -
bigger, sweeter, cleaner, etc.
 Examples:
 I have a big dog but hers is bigger.
 He is sweeter than the other boys.
 The cupboard is cleaner than before.
Superlative Form
 This form is used when three or more nouns are being
compared and we need to show that one or more of
the nouns posses the adjective or characteristic to the
highest amount possible. We usually add ‘the’ before
the superlative form. - biggest, sweetest, cleanest, etc.
 Examples:
 She has the biggest dog in the colony.
 He is the sweetest boy in his class.
 The cupboard is the cleanest thing in the house.
Position of Adjectives
Adjectives, adverbs and clauses  vinod
Adjectives, adverbs and clauses  vinod
ASSESSMENT
Direction: Determine what type of
Adjective are the following.
1.) honest 6.) five
2.) many 7.) beautiful
3.) these 8.) best
4.) what 9.) dozen
5.) few 10.) who
Adjectives, adverbs and clauses  vinod
Adjectives, adverbs and clauses  vinod
Adjectives, adverbs and clauses  vinod
Adjectives, adverbs and clauses  vinod
ADVERB
An Adverb is a word that
modifies a Verb, an
Adjective, or another
Adverb.
Eg: He works sincerely. (modifies a
Verb)
He is a very sincere worker.(modifies
an Adjective)
He works very sincerely.(modifies an
Adverb)
It is raining heavily.
It is raining very heavily.
KINDS OF ADVERB
Adverbs of Time: It answers the
question- When?
Eg: now, then, today, soon, early,
before, late, lately, recently,
formerly, ever, never, after, yet,
still, ago, already, etc.
Adverbs of Place: It answers the
question- Where?
Eg: here, there, up, down, inside,
outside, away, afar, nowhere,
everywhere, backwards, onwards,
etc.
Adverbs of Manner: It answers
the question- How?
Eg: bravely, beautifully, well,
thus, so, quickly, etc.
Adverbs of Frequency: It answers the
question- How often?
Eg: often, frequently, occasionally,
rarely, barely, scarcely, usually,
casually, always, never, seldom,
hardly ever, etc.
Adverbs of Degree
Eg: fairly, rather, very, quite,
extremely, highly, too, enough,
totally, entirely, almost, nearly,
etc.
Interrogative Adverbs
Eg: when, where, why, how,
how far, how much, how soon,
how often, etc.
POSITIONS OF ADVERBS
Adverbs generally stand near the
Verbs modified. But Adverbs have the
highest degree of freedom of
mobility. Hence they have no fixed
positions in sentences. However,
certain conventions are followed.
Adverbs are placed after Intransitive
Verbs
Eg: He sleeps well.
She comes late.
The baby slept soundly.
She came early.
Placed after the object. If there is
one:
Eg: He returned the book
immediately.
He helped her willingly.
He finished the work quickly.
She speaks French well.
Adverbs of Frequency are often
placed after ‘be’, If ‘be’ is used as
Main Verb
Eg: She is seldom late.
He is never punctual.
I am always honest.
Frequency Adverbs are usually
placed before the Main Verb when
there is no auxiliary Verb
 Eg: He seldom rises early.
 She often tries to help me.
 They never visit us.
 She usually rises early.
 We always try to help her.
 He seldom visits us.
Adverbs are usually placed after
the first Auxiliary
Eg: I was greatly pleased.
I am eagerly waiting for the result.
She has seldom been seen here.
The train has just left.
I have seldom seen such brutality.
When there are two or more Adverbs,
the accepted order is M-P-T (Manner,
Place, Time)
Eg: I sat quiet in the corner for an hour.
The child slept well in the cradle for some
time.
The violinist played sweetly at the concert
for nearly three hours.
Time Adverbs can occur initially or
finally in a sentence
Eg: Yesterday he reached here.
He reached here yesterday.
Assessment
Adjectives, adverbs and clauses  vinod
Adjectives, adverbs and clauses  vinod
Adjectives, adverbs and clauses  vinod
Adjectives, adverbs and clauses  vinod
If it rains, the match will be cancelled.
It contains two group of words- It rains
and the match will be cancelled. Each
makes sense, and has a Subject and a
Predicate of its own. But each group is
only a part of the sentence. A group of
words which has a Subject and a
Predicate and forms part of a sentence is
called a Clause.
If it rains, the match will be cancelled.
 Of the two Clauses, the second one- the match will be
cancelled- is more important than the other, because it
contains the main thought of the sentence. The other
clause- If it rains- has no independent meaning or
existence. It depends upon the second Clause for its
meaning. A Clause which contain the main thought of
the sentence is called the Principal Clause and a Clause
which depend upon another clause for its meaning is
the Subordinate or Dependent Clause.
KINDS OF SUBORDINATE
CLAUSES
NOUN CLAUSE
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
ADVERB CLAUSE
Noun Clauses
A noun clause is a subordinate clause that
functions as a noun.
According to its function in a sentence,
Noun clause are classified as:
 Subject of a Verb, Object of a Verb,
Object of a Preposition, Complement of a
Verb.
Noun Clauses
 Words that introduce noun clauses are:
 How, if, that, what, whatever, when, where,
whether, which, who, whoever, whom,
whomever, whose, why
 Examples:
 The big question is whether he’ll finish the
marathon.
 Everyone knows that Tim runs
at least a mile every day.
1. Subject of a Verb
That he will win the election is
certain.
Why he did not call is a mystery.
How the prisoner escaped is being
investigated.
2. Object of a Verb
The accused declared that he was
innocent.
I asked him why he looked so gloomy.
She asserted that she had seen him
somewhere before.
3. Object of a Preposition
Pay attention to what he says.
He always boasts of what he has
achieved.
They were not decided on what they
should do.
4. Complement of a Verb
My belief is that he is guilty.
Her prayer was that her husband
might be safe.
That is what we all expected.
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
Does the work of an Adjective.
Qualifies a Noun or Pronoun in the
main clause.
Usually introduced by a Relative
Pronoun or a Relative Adverb.
Also known as a Relative Clause.
1. Introduced by Relative Pronouns
(who, whose, whom, that, which)
The boy who stood first in the test is
my nephew.
A foreigner adopted the child whose
parents were dead.
He is a leader whom we all respect.
2. Introduced by Relative Adverb
(when, where, why, how)
I do not know the time when the train
starts.
This is the spot where the soldier fell
dead.
I know the reason why he is absent
today.
ADVERB CLAUSE
Does the work of an Adverb
Modifies a Verb, an Adjective, or
Adverb in the main clause.
1. Adverb Clause of Time
Introduced by Subordinating
Conjunctions like when, whenever, while,
since, after, till, until, before, as soon as,
as long as, so long as.
Eg: When the work was over, he went out
for a walk.
Reach back home before the sun sets.
It is a long time since we met.
2. Adverb Clause of Place
Introduced by Conjunctions like where,
wherever, everywhere, anywhere.
Eg: Wherever the piper went, the children
followed him.
Put the keys where you can find them
easily.
You may go anywhere you like.
3. Adverb Clause of Manner
Introduced by as, as if, as though, in
that.
Eg: You may act as you like.
The dog lay as if it were dead.
We are unhappy in that he doesn’t
write to us.
4. Adverb Clause of Comparison
Introduced by as, as…as, so…as, than,
the…the.
Eg: Basheer does not work so hard as
Vipin does.
He is older than he looks.
The sooner we start, the earlier we reach
there.
5. Adverb Clause of Reason/Cause
Introduced by because, for, since,
that, in as mush as.
Eg: He is absent because he is ill.
He can’t buy a car for he has no
money.
In as much as he is with us, we can
hope to win.
6. Adverb Clause of Purpose
 States the purpose of the action mentioned in the main
clause.
 Conjunctions used are: that, in order that, so that, lest,
for the fear that, so that… not.
 Eg: You must work hard so that you may get a first
class.
 He opened the umbrella for the fear that he might get
wet.
 He spoke in a low tone so that he might not disturb
the class.
7. Adverb Clause of Result/Effect
Introduced by so…that, such…that
Eg: He was so tired that he could not
walk.
Such was the explosion that the whole
structure crumbled.
So fast did he run that he could board the
train.
8. Adverb Clause of Condition
Introduced by if, unless, whether,
provided (that), so long as, in case, on
condition that.
Eg: If you do not work hard, you will fail.
Unless you work hard, you cannot pass.
We shall start some business provided you
invest a major amount.
9. Adverb Clause of
Concession/Supposition
Introduced by though, although, even
though, even if, whereas, while.
Eg: Though he is poor, he is happy.
Even if he tries now, he may not get a
ticket.
Whereas he is popular, his brother has
few friends.
ASSESSMENT
Adjectives, adverbs and clauses  vinod
Adjectives, adverbs and clauses  vinod
Adjectives, adverbs and clauses  vinod
Adjectives, adverbs and clauses  vinod
THANK YOU

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Mais procurados (20)

Adjective
AdjectiveAdjective
Adjective
 
CLAUSES AND ITS TYPES
CLAUSES AND ITS TYPESCLAUSES AND ITS TYPES
CLAUSES AND ITS TYPES
 
Parts of speech
Parts of speechParts of speech
Parts of speech
 
Clause – phrase
Clause – phrase   Clause – phrase
Clause – phrase
 
Adjectives
AdjectivesAdjectives
Adjectives
 
8 Parts of speech by zaid
8 Parts of speech by zaid8 Parts of speech by zaid
8 Parts of speech by zaid
 
Clauses & phrases
Clauses & phrasesClauses & phrases
Clauses & phrases
 
Parts of speech english essignment
Parts of speech english essignmentParts of speech english essignment
Parts of speech english essignment
 
Phrases and Fragments
Phrases and FragmentsPhrases and Fragments
Phrases and Fragments
 
Clauses And Phrase
Clauses And PhraseClauses And Phrase
Clauses And Phrase
 
Parts of speech
Parts of speechParts of speech
Parts of speech
 
Adverbs
AdverbsAdverbs
Adverbs
 
Parts of Speech Practice
Parts of Speech PracticeParts of Speech Practice
Parts of Speech Practice
 
Adjectives & adverbs
Adjectives & adverbsAdjectives & adverbs
Adjectives & adverbs
 
English Clauses
English ClausesEnglish Clauses
English Clauses
 
Phrase and Clause
Phrase and ClausePhrase and Clause
Phrase and Clause
 
Phrases and clauses
Phrases and clausesPhrases and clauses
Phrases and clauses
 
Phrase, Sentence and Clause
Phrase, Sentence and ClausePhrase, Sentence and Clause
Phrase, Sentence and Clause
 
Phrase, clause, and sentence in syntax
Phrase, clause, and sentence in syntaxPhrase, clause, and sentence in syntax
Phrase, clause, and sentence in syntax
 
Phrase, clause, and sentence
Phrase, clause, and sentencePhrase, clause, and sentence
Phrase, clause, and sentence
 

Semelhante a Adjectives, adverbs and clauses vinod

Use and form of adverb
Use and form of adverbUse and form of adverb
Use and form of adverbErikaElizath
 
Use and form of adverb
Use and form of adverbUse and form of adverb
Use and form of adverbErikaElizath
 
Use and-form-of-adverb
Use and-form-of-adverbUse and-form-of-adverb
Use and-form-of-adverbLiset Ramirez
 
What is an Adjective.pdf
What is an Adjective.pdfWhat is an Adjective.pdf
What is an Adjective.pdfChloe Cheney
 
Presentation of english (parts of speech)
Presentation of english (parts of speech)Presentation of english (parts of speech)
Presentation of english (parts of speech)Kunnu Aggarwal
 
English grammar by Dr.Larik for MBA Students
English grammar by Dr.Larik for MBA StudentsEnglish grammar by Dr.Larik for MBA Students
English grammar by Dr.Larik for MBA StudentsMuhammad Khan
 
Grammer for medical transcription
Grammer for medical transcriptionGrammer for medical transcription
Grammer for medical transcriptionPriyan Jayan
 
Importance of clause
Importance of clauseImportance of clause
Importance of clausehema kataria
 
Importance of clause
Importance of clauseImportance of clause
Importance of clausecpjcollege
 
Testing and Evaluation
Testing and EvaluationTesting and Evaluation
Testing and EvaluationMaqsood Ahmad
 
Clauses II
Clauses IIClauses II
Clauses IILenker T
 
Eight-Parts-of-Speech.pptx
Eight-Parts-of-Speech.pptxEight-Parts-of-Speech.pptx
Eight-Parts-of-Speech.pptxMaylanieLamarca1
 
Descriptive linguitics
Descriptive linguiticsDescriptive linguitics
Descriptive linguiticsAlexisram
 
PART-OF-SPEECH_CCA.pptx
PART-OF-SPEECH_CCA.pptxPART-OF-SPEECH_CCA.pptx
PART-OF-SPEECH_CCA.pptxSpyKids2
 
Magic Lens: Grammar Notes
Magic Lens: Grammar NotesMagic Lens: Grammar Notes
Magic Lens: Grammar NotesMichele Alvarez
 

Semelhante a Adjectives, adverbs and clauses vinod (20)

Use and form of adverb
Use and form of adverbUse and form of adverb
Use and form of adverb
 
Use and form of adverb
Use and form of adverbUse and form of adverb
Use and form of adverb
 
Use and-form-of-adverb
Use and-form-of-adverbUse and-form-of-adverb
Use and-form-of-adverb
 
What is an Adjective.pdf
What is an Adjective.pdfWhat is an Adjective.pdf
What is an Adjective.pdf
 
ADVERBS DOCUMENT
ADVERBS DOCUMENTADVERBS DOCUMENT
ADVERBS DOCUMENT
 
Presentation of english (parts of speech)
Presentation of english (parts of speech)Presentation of english (parts of speech)
Presentation of english (parts of speech)
 
English grammar by Dr.Larik for MBA Students
English grammar by Dr.Larik for MBA StudentsEnglish grammar by Dr.Larik for MBA Students
English grammar by Dr.Larik for MBA Students
 
Grammer for medical transcription
Grammer for medical transcriptionGrammer for medical transcription
Grammer for medical transcription
 
parts of speech
parts of speech parts of speech
parts of speech
 
Importance of clause
Importance of clauseImportance of clause
Importance of clause
 
Importance of clause
Importance of clauseImportance of clause
Importance of clause
 
Testing and Evaluation
Testing and EvaluationTesting and Evaluation
Testing and Evaluation
 
Eight Parts of Speech.pdf
Eight Parts of Speech.pdfEight Parts of Speech.pdf
Eight Parts of Speech.pdf
 
Clauses II
Clauses IIClauses II
Clauses II
 
Eight-Parts-of-Speech.pptx
Eight-Parts-of-Speech.pptxEight-Parts-of-Speech.pptx
Eight-Parts-of-Speech.pptx
 
Descriptive linguitics
Descriptive linguiticsDescriptive linguitics
Descriptive linguitics
 
PART-OF-SPEECH_CCA.pptx
PART-OF-SPEECH_CCA.pptxPART-OF-SPEECH_CCA.pptx
PART-OF-SPEECH_CCA.pptx
 
Parts of speech
Parts of speechParts of speech
Parts of speech
 
Grammar the basics
Grammar   the basicsGrammar   the basics
Grammar the basics
 
Magic Lens: Grammar Notes
Magic Lens: Grammar NotesMagic Lens: Grammar Notes
Magic Lens: Grammar Notes
 

Mais de Vinod Varghese Antony (10)

Unknown Language Journal- Trinity Cert.TESOL
Unknown Language Journal- Trinity Cert.TESOLUnknown Language Journal- Trinity Cert.TESOL
Unknown Language Journal- Trinity Cert.TESOL
 
Guided video observation- Trinity Cert.TESOL
Guided video observation- Trinity Cert.TESOLGuided video observation- Trinity Cert.TESOL
Guided video observation- Trinity Cert.TESOL
 
Adjectives
AdjectivesAdjectives
Adjectives
 
Conjunction, adverb and interjection
Conjunction, adverb and interjectionConjunction, adverb and interjection
Conjunction, adverb and interjection
 
Verbs and preposition
Verbs and prepositionVerbs and preposition
Verbs and preposition
 
Parts of speech
Parts of speechParts of speech
Parts of speech
 
Articles, singular & plural, gender
Articles, singular & plural, genderArticles, singular & plural, gender
Articles, singular & plural, gender
 
Rules of capitaliztion
Rules of capitaliztionRules of capitaliztion
Rules of capitaliztion
 
Study the graphs
Study the graphsStudy the graphs
Study the graphs
 
Speaking confidently
Speaking confidentlySpeaking confidently
Speaking confidently
 

Último

P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxMYDA ANGELICA SUAN
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 

Último (20)

P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 

Adjectives, adverbs and clauses vinod

  • 3. Adjectives  Adjectives are Noun Modifiers, as they generally describes some aspect of Nouns. Conventional grammar describes and adjective as a word which qualifies a Noun, while modern grammar defines it as a word which modifies a noun.  Eg: Good, kind, soft, happy, brave, hot, sweet, healthy, bad, beautiful, distant, friendly, black, cool, correct, fortunate, etc.
  • 4. Kinds of Adjectives  Adjectives of Quality: They describe the quality of the nouns which they relate. Hence they may also be called Descriptive Adjectives.  Eg: intelligent boy, good news, narrow road, beautiful flower, honest man, strong wind, sweet voice, clever girl, cruel dictator, difficult problem, patient man, heavy box.
  • 5. Proper Adjectives: They are derived from Proper nouns. Eg: Herculean task, the French Revolution, Atlantean shoulders, the English language, Victorian building.
  • 6. Participle adjectives: These have the form of the –ing participle or the –ed/en participle of Verbs. Eg: flying saucers, rising sun, flowing water, fallen leaves, defeated army, wounded soldier, forsaken child, burnt toast, burning issue.
  • 7. Possessive adjective: These are the Possessive case forms of the personal pronouns. Eg: My pen, our duty, your house, their car, his parents, her bag, its tail, its paw, his fame, her coat.
  • 8. Demonstrative adjectives: These include Definite demonstratives: this, that , these, those, such, same. Indefinite demonstratives: some, any, a certain
  • 9. Adjective of Quantity: These adjectives help to show the amount or the approximate amount of the noun or pronoun. Eg: much, little, enough, sufficient, half, whole, ample.
  • 10. Numerical Adjectives: These include Cardinals: one, two, three, etc. (they indicate the exact number) Ordinals: first, second, third, fourth, etc. (they indicate the numeral order) Indefinite Numerals: many, few, all, a lot of, some, several.
  • 11. Interrogative adjectives (Wh-words): These are Adjectives used to suggest a selection from a given number or quantity: Eg: Which book is yours? What books do you read usually? Whose poem do you like most? How many chapters did you read yesterday?
  • 12. Exclamatory Adjectives: What, What a Eg: What nonsense! (Uncountable noun) What a good idea! (Countable noun)
  • 13. Epithet Adjectives: These are nouns functioning as Adjectives. Eg: rubber factory, biscuit company, Arts and Science College, radio station, brass button, lady doctor, police station, blood bank, baby tooth.
  • 14. Comparison of Adjectives  When we want to compare two or more nouns using adjectives, we use the comparative and superlative forms of the adjective to show the comparison between the nouns.  Examples:Honey is sweet, sugar is sweeter but victory is the sweetest.  In this sentence, we are comparing the three nouns using the positive, comparative and superlative forms of the word ‘sweet’.
  • 15. Positive Form These are the simple adjectives that simply describe the noun without comparing it to another - big, sweet, clean, etc. Eg:  She has a big black dog.  He is a sweet boy.  The cupboard is clean.
  • 16. Comparative Form  These are used when we are comparing two nouns and need to show which noun possesses the adjective or character in a greater or lesser amount, when compared with the other. - bigger, sweeter, cleaner, etc.  Examples:  I have a big dog but hers is bigger.  He is sweeter than the other boys.  The cupboard is cleaner than before.
  • 17. Superlative Form  This form is used when three or more nouns are being compared and we need to show that one or more of the nouns posses the adjective or characteristic to the highest amount possible. We usually add ‘the’ before the superlative form. - biggest, sweetest, cleanest, etc.  Examples:  She has the biggest dog in the colony.  He is the sweetest boy in his class.  The cupboard is the cleanest thing in the house.
  • 22. Direction: Determine what type of Adjective are the following. 1.) honest 6.) five 2.) many 7.) beautiful 3.) these 8.) best 4.) what 9.) dozen 5.) few 10.) who
  • 27. ADVERB An Adverb is a word that modifies a Verb, an Adjective, or another Adverb.
  • 28. Eg: He works sincerely. (modifies a Verb) He is a very sincere worker.(modifies an Adjective) He works very sincerely.(modifies an Adverb) It is raining heavily. It is raining very heavily.
  • 29. KINDS OF ADVERB Adverbs of Time: It answers the question- When? Eg: now, then, today, soon, early, before, late, lately, recently, formerly, ever, never, after, yet, still, ago, already, etc.
  • 30. Adverbs of Place: It answers the question- Where? Eg: here, there, up, down, inside, outside, away, afar, nowhere, everywhere, backwards, onwards, etc.
  • 31. Adverbs of Manner: It answers the question- How? Eg: bravely, beautifully, well, thus, so, quickly, etc.
  • 32. Adverbs of Frequency: It answers the question- How often? Eg: often, frequently, occasionally, rarely, barely, scarcely, usually, casually, always, never, seldom, hardly ever, etc.
  • 33. Adverbs of Degree Eg: fairly, rather, very, quite, extremely, highly, too, enough, totally, entirely, almost, nearly, etc.
  • 34. Interrogative Adverbs Eg: when, where, why, how, how far, how much, how soon, how often, etc.
  • 35. POSITIONS OF ADVERBS Adverbs generally stand near the Verbs modified. But Adverbs have the highest degree of freedom of mobility. Hence they have no fixed positions in sentences. However, certain conventions are followed.
  • 36. Adverbs are placed after Intransitive Verbs Eg: He sleeps well. She comes late. The baby slept soundly. She came early.
  • 37. Placed after the object. If there is one: Eg: He returned the book immediately. He helped her willingly. He finished the work quickly. She speaks French well.
  • 38. Adverbs of Frequency are often placed after ‘be’, If ‘be’ is used as Main Verb Eg: She is seldom late. He is never punctual. I am always honest.
  • 39. Frequency Adverbs are usually placed before the Main Verb when there is no auxiliary Verb  Eg: He seldom rises early.  She often tries to help me.  They never visit us.  She usually rises early.  We always try to help her.  He seldom visits us.
  • 40. Adverbs are usually placed after the first Auxiliary Eg: I was greatly pleased. I am eagerly waiting for the result. She has seldom been seen here. The train has just left. I have seldom seen such brutality.
  • 41. When there are two or more Adverbs, the accepted order is M-P-T (Manner, Place, Time) Eg: I sat quiet in the corner for an hour. The child slept well in the cradle for some time. The violinist played sweetly at the concert for nearly three hours.
  • 42. Time Adverbs can occur initially or finally in a sentence Eg: Yesterday he reached here. He reached here yesterday.
  • 48. If it rains, the match will be cancelled. It contains two group of words- It rains and the match will be cancelled. Each makes sense, and has a Subject and a Predicate of its own. But each group is only a part of the sentence. A group of words which has a Subject and a Predicate and forms part of a sentence is called a Clause.
  • 49. If it rains, the match will be cancelled.  Of the two Clauses, the second one- the match will be cancelled- is more important than the other, because it contains the main thought of the sentence. The other clause- If it rains- has no independent meaning or existence. It depends upon the second Clause for its meaning. A Clause which contain the main thought of the sentence is called the Principal Clause and a Clause which depend upon another clause for its meaning is the Subordinate or Dependent Clause.
  • 50. KINDS OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSES NOUN CLAUSE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE
  • 51. Noun Clauses A noun clause is a subordinate clause that functions as a noun. According to its function in a sentence, Noun clause are classified as:  Subject of a Verb, Object of a Verb, Object of a Preposition, Complement of a Verb.
  • 52. Noun Clauses  Words that introduce noun clauses are:  How, if, that, what, whatever, when, where, whether, which, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, why  Examples:  The big question is whether he’ll finish the marathon.  Everyone knows that Tim runs at least a mile every day.
  • 53. 1. Subject of a Verb That he will win the election is certain. Why he did not call is a mystery. How the prisoner escaped is being investigated.
  • 54. 2. Object of a Verb The accused declared that he was innocent. I asked him why he looked so gloomy. She asserted that she had seen him somewhere before.
  • 55. 3. Object of a Preposition Pay attention to what he says. He always boasts of what he has achieved. They were not decided on what they should do.
  • 56. 4. Complement of a Verb My belief is that he is guilty. Her prayer was that her husband might be safe. That is what we all expected.
  • 57. ADJECTIVE CLAUSES Does the work of an Adjective. Qualifies a Noun or Pronoun in the main clause. Usually introduced by a Relative Pronoun or a Relative Adverb. Also known as a Relative Clause.
  • 58. 1. Introduced by Relative Pronouns (who, whose, whom, that, which) The boy who stood first in the test is my nephew. A foreigner adopted the child whose parents were dead. He is a leader whom we all respect.
  • 59. 2. Introduced by Relative Adverb (when, where, why, how) I do not know the time when the train starts. This is the spot where the soldier fell dead. I know the reason why he is absent today.
  • 60. ADVERB CLAUSE Does the work of an Adverb Modifies a Verb, an Adjective, or Adverb in the main clause.
  • 61. 1. Adverb Clause of Time Introduced by Subordinating Conjunctions like when, whenever, while, since, after, till, until, before, as soon as, as long as, so long as. Eg: When the work was over, he went out for a walk. Reach back home before the sun sets. It is a long time since we met.
  • 62. 2. Adverb Clause of Place Introduced by Conjunctions like where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere. Eg: Wherever the piper went, the children followed him. Put the keys where you can find them easily. You may go anywhere you like.
  • 63. 3. Adverb Clause of Manner Introduced by as, as if, as though, in that. Eg: You may act as you like. The dog lay as if it were dead. We are unhappy in that he doesn’t write to us.
  • 64. 4. Adverb Clause of Comparison Introduced by as, as…as, so…as, than, the…the. Eg: Basheer does not work so hard as Vipin does. He is older than he looks. The sooner we start, the earlier we reach there.
  • 65. 5. Adverb Clause of Reason/Cause Introduced by because, for, since, that, in as mush as. Eg: He is absent because he is ill. He can’t buy a car for he has no money. In as much as he is with us, we can hope to win.
  • 66. 6. Adverb Clause of Purpose  States the purpose of the action mentioned in the main clause.  Conjunctions used are: that, in order that, so that, lest, for the fear that, so that… not.  Eg: You must work hard so that you may get a first class.  He opened the umbrella for the fear that he might get wet.  He spoke in a low tone so that he might not disturb the class.
  • 67. 7. Adverb Clause of Result/Effect Introduced by so…that, such…that Eg: He was so tired that he could not walk. Such was the explosion that the whole structure crumbled. So fast did he run that he could board the train.
  • 68. 8. Adverb Clause of Condition Introduced by if, unless, whether, provided (that), so long as, in case, on condition that. Eg: If you do not work hard, you will fail. Unless you work hard, you cannot pass. We shall start some business provided you invest a major amount.
  • 69. 9. Adverb Clause of Concession/Supposition Introduced by though, although, even though, even if, whereas, while. Eg: Though he is poor, he is happy. Even if he tries now, he may not get a ticket. Whereas he is popular, his brother has few friends.