Understanding the
Evolving Capacities of the
Child
By: Team PURA
Module 2: Session 3

Introduction

Characteristics of the Child
Infant
01
03
02
04
Toddler
Primary
School Teenager

Characteristics of the Child
SI NENA AY BATA PA,
KAYA ANG SABI NIYA,
AY … …
ACTIVITY 1

Child
- as an individual below the age of 18 years
- Classed as unable to make serious decisions

Child Development
- refers to the sequence of physical, language, thought
and emotional changes that occur in a child from
birth to the beginning of adulthood.
- during this process a child progresses from
dependency on their parents/guardians to increasing
independence.
- strongly influenced by genetic factors (genes passed
on from their parents) and events during prenatal
life.
- also influenced by environmental facts and the child’s
learning capacity.

Uniqueness of the Child
 Some little ones are more excitable and easily upset.
Others are calm and easy-going by nature: ‘Easy
babies.’
 Every child is different. One-of-a-kind. A unique
person, growing and learning at their own pace, in
their own special way.
 Paying attention to your child’s strengths and skills
and uniqueness makes the bond even stronger. And
telling them what makes them special in the eyes
builds their self-esteem.

Four Selfies: Needs
ACTIVITY 2

-Every child needs
the basics: healthy
food, good sleep,
enough exercise,
and lots of love
and affection. It’s
hard for a child to
learn and develop
on track without
this solid base.
Building blocks of Healthy
Development

Psychosocial Stages: A Summary Chart
Age Conflict
Important
Events Outcome
Infancy (birth
to 18 months)
Trust vs. Mistrust Feeding Hope
Early
Childhood (2
to 3 years)
Autonomy vs.
Shame and Doubt
Toilet Training Will
Preschool (3 to
5 years)
Initiative vs. Guilt Exploration Purpose
School Age (6
to 11 years)
Industry vs.
Inferiority
School Confidence
Adolescence (
12 to 18 years)
Identity vs. Role
Confusion
Social
Relationships
Fidelity

Four Selfies: Guidance
ACTIVITY 3

Role of Adults in the
Development of A child
Research has found that relationships between parents and
caregivers and youth that:
 Are warm, open, and communicative;
 Include appropriate limits, and
 Provide reasoning for rules for behavior
are associated with higher self-esteem, better performance
in school, and fewer negative outcomes such as depression or
drug use in children and teenagers.

Role of Adults in the
Development of A child
 Parents and caregivers must find the delicate balance between
maintaining the familial bond and allowing teens increasing
autonomy as they mature.
 Teenagers who feel connected to yet not constrained by their
families tend to flourish.
 Research has found that parents and caregivers that maintain a
warm, communicative and reasoned style of parenting raise
teenagers who have higher rates of socially competent behavior,
take fewer drugs, and exhibit less anxiety or depression.

Building blocks of Healthy
Development
Support and guidance
ADOLESCENCE (12 - 18 years old)
Confidence
SCHOOL AGE (6 – 11 years old)
Respect for feelings Seeking information
Non-violent conflict resolution Independence
Respectful communication skills
Attachment Trust
PRESCHOOL AGE (3 – 5 years old)
TODDLER (18 months – 3 years old)
INFANCY (BIRTH – 18 months)

Building blocks of Healthy
Development

Building blocks of Healthy
Development

Building blocks of Healthy
Development

Building blocks of Healthy
Development

Building blocks of Healthy
Development

Building blocks of Healthy
Development

Building blocks of Healthy
Development

Building blocks of Healthy
Development

Building blocks of Healthy
Development

CREDITS: This presentation template was
created by Slidesgo, including icons by
Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik
Please keep this slide for attribution