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TuberkuloseTuberculosis<br />

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StatistiekStatistics<br />

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TB in die wêreld / TB in the world<br /><ul><li>3 miljoen mense sterf wêreldwyd per jaar

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Mpumalanga – meeste weerstandig teen behandeling

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TB een van die hoof oorsake van sterftes in SA

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Grootste risiko faktor is om MIV+ te wees</li></ul>3 Million people die world wide <br />Mpumalanga – most drug resistant cases<br />TB is one of the leading causes of deaths in SA<br />HIV infection is the main single risk factor for TB<br />

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Algemene FeiteGeneral Facts<br />

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TB die feite/ TB the facts<br />TB is as an infectious disease<br />It can be a crippling and deadly disease<br />Infections are rising in developed and developing worlds<br />It is the leading cause of deaths resulting from an infectious disease in the world<br /><ul><li>TB is ʼn hoogs aansteeklike siekte

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Kan inhiberend en dodelik wees

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Die aantal infeksies is besig om wêreldwyd toe te neem

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Is die hoof oorsaak van dood agv ʼn aansteeklike siektes</li></li></ul><li>TB die feite/ TB the facts<br /><ul><li>Word ook Tuberkulose genoem

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Veroorsaak deur patogene wat in die longe ingeasem word

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Meestal in die longe gevind, maar kan na ander liggaamsdele beweeg

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Wanneer TB in jou longe is kan jy ander infekteer</li></ul>Also called Tuberculosis<br />Caused by tiny germs that enter the lungs when you breathe them in<br />TB germs are most commonly found in the lungs, but sometimes they can move to other parts of the body<br />When you have TB disease of the lungs, you can spread it to other people<br />

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Waar in die liggaam / Where in the body<br />

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Oorsake en VerspreidingCauses and Transmission<br />

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Oorsake / Causes<br /><ul><li>Veroorsaak deur n bakteriee

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Naam = Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M Tuberkulose)</li></ul>Caused by a bacteria<br />Called = Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis)<br />

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Verspreiding / Transmission<br /><ul><li>Direkte oordrag – indirekte kontak

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Wanneer n geinfekteerde persoon hoes, nies, lag of sing

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Verlengde kontak word vereis

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10% van geinfekteerde persone sal die siekte kry</li></ul>Direct transmission – indirect contact<br />When an infectious person coughs, sneezes, laughs, or sings<br />Prolonged contact needed for transmission <br />10% of infected persons will develop TB disease<br />

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How Are TB Germs Spread?<br />

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13<br />TB word nie versprei deur / You can’t infect others when you <br /><ul><li>Vinnige kontak – verby iemand in die straat te loop

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Eetgerei of kos te deel

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Sigarette te deel

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Uitruil van spoeg en liggaamsvloeistowwe

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Hande skud

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Publieke telefone te gebruik

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Quick, casual contact - passing someone on the street

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Sharing utensils or food

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Sharing cigarettes or drinking containers

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Exchanging saliva or other body fluids

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Shaking hands

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Using public telephones</li></li></ul><li>14<br />Jy kan nie meer infekteer / You can’t infect anymore<br /><ul><li>Effektiewe behandeling vir 2-3 weke gehad het

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Goed op die behandeling reageer

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3 Sputumtoetse negatiewe resultate lewer

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Received adequate treatment for 2-3 weeks

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Favourable clinical response to treatment

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3 consecutive negative sputum smears results</li></li></ul><li>SimptomeSymptoms<br />

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Stadiums / Phases<br /><ul><li>TB Infeksie:

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Die bakteriee is in jou longe, maar versprei nie en jy het geen simptome

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Jy kan nie ander mense infekteer nie

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TB Siekte

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Die bakteriee bly in die longe of versprei na ander liggaamsdele

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Die bakteriee vermeerder, jy toon simptome

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Jy kan ander begin infekteer</li></ul>TB infection:<br /> TB bacteria stay in your lungs, but they do not multiply or make you sick<br />You cannot pass TB germs to others<br />TB disease:<br />TB bacteria stay in your lungs or move to other parts of your body, multiply, and make you sick<br />You can pass the TB germs to other people<br />

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Die siekte / The disease<br /><ul><li>Wanneer die immuunstelsel nie:

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Die bakteriee kan keer nie

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Die bakteriee begin vermeerder

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Die persoon begin simptome toon</li></ul> Occurs when immune system cannot :<br />Keep bacilli contained <br />Bacilli begin to multiply rapidly<br />Person develops TB symptoms<br />

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18<br />Simptome van TB / TB Symptoms<br /><ul><li>Aanhoudende hoes, bloed hoes

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Borspyne

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Koors, en nagsweet

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Moegheid

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Aptytsverlies en gewigsverlies

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Productive prolonged cough, coughing up blood

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Chest pain

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Fever, chills and night sweats

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Fatigue

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Loss of appetite and weight loss</li></li></ul><li>19<br />TB Fase 1 / TB Stage 1<br /><ul><li>Fase 1:

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Maklik geneesbaar

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Medikasie moet vroegtydig en gereeld geneem word

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Stage 1:

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easily cured

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medication on time and regularly</li></li></ul><li>20<br />TB Fase 2 / TB Stage 2<br /><ul><li>Fase 2:

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Gevaarlik

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Ernstige en aanhoudende hoes

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Moeiliker om te genees

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Stage 2:

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Dangerous

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Severe coughing

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Harder to treat</li></li></ul><li>21<br />TB Fase 3 / TB Stage 3<br /><ul><li>Fase 3:

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Baie gevaarlik

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Begin bloed hoes

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Kan nie meer behandel word

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Eindig in die dood

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Stage 3:

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Extremely dangerous

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Starts vomiting blood

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Can’t be treated anymore

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Leads to death</li></li></ul><li>BehandelingTreatment<br />

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23<br />In die verlede / In the past<br /><ul><li>Geen behandeling van TB

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Mense het dit tering genoem

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Die siekte was endemies

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No cure for TB

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Was called consumption

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The disease was endemic</li></li></ul><li>24<br />Vandag / Today<br /><ul><li>Behandeling is baie kompleks

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Moet getrou gevolg word

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Bemoeilik deur:

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MIV

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Weerstandigheid teen medikasie

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Treatment is complex

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Needs to be followed strictly

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Problematic because of

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HIV

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Drug resistance</li></li></ul><li>25<br />TB Infeksies / TB Infections<br /><ul><li>Duur 4 – 9 maande

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Moet kursus voltooi

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Indien nie:

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TB siekte

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Weerstandigheid teen medikasie

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Lasts 4-9 months

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Has to complete course

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If not:

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TB disease

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Drug resistance</li></li></ul><li>26<br />TB siekte / TB disease<br /><ul><li>Duur 6-9 maande

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Medikasie beveg die bakterieë

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Moet kursus voltooi:

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Al is daar geen simptome

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Kan dan genees word

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Lasts 6-9 months

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Medication kills bacteria

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Has to complete course

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Even tough no symptoms

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Can be cured</li></li></ul><li>27<br />DOB / DOT<br /><ul><li>Direkte Observasie Behandeling:

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Mediese praktisyn kyk dat pasiënte hulle medikasie gereeld neem

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Verminder terugvalle en dwelmweerstandigheid

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Direct Observation Therapy:

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Health care worker watches patient swallow each dose of medication

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Reduces relapse of TB disease and acquired drug resistance</li></li></ul><li>28<br />Dwelmweerstandigheid / Drug Resistance<br /><ul><li>Wanneer pasiënte kursusse te vroeg stop

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Bakterieë muteer

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Medikasie werk nie meer

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When patients stop courses beforehand

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Bacteria mutates

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Medication does not work anymore</li></li></ul><li>29<br />Waarom gebruik mense nie medikasie / Why don’t people use medication<br /><ul><li>Die stigma van TB

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Die lang duur van behandeling

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Newe-effekte van medikasie

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Bang vir vergiftiging

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Nie genoeg kennis oor TB

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Stigma

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Extensive duration of treatment

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Adverse reactions to medications

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Concerns of toxicity

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Lack of knowledge about TB and its treatment</li></li></ul><li>VoorkomingPrevention<br />

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31<br />Hoe vatbaarheid / High susceptibility<br /><ul><li>Ouderdom, gesondheidskwessies, lewensomstandighede en selfs jou werksomstandighede kan jou risko verhoog

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Die volgende is hoe risiko groepe:

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Senior burgers

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Babas

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Swanger vroue

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MIV / Vigs lyers

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Mense met diabetes, kanker, niersiektes en kandidate vir orgaan oorplantings

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Ondervoede mense

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Mense wat deur TB lyers omring word

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Age, health issues, life circumstances , where you work may put you at risk

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High-risk groups:

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Seniors

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Babies

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Pregnant woman

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HIV-positive or AIDS patients

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People with diabetes, cancer patients, organ transplant recipients people with kidney disease

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Malnourished individuals

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People surrounded by potential cases of TB</li></li></ul><li>32<br />Risiko gedrag / Risk behaviour<br /><ul><li>Losbandige gedrag - MIV

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Ongesonde eetgewoontes

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Sittende leefstyl

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Substansmisbruik

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Promiscuous behaviour - HIV

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Unhealthy eating habits

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Seditary life style

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Drugabuse</li></li></ul><li>33<br />Vermindering van verspreiding / <br />Decreasing transmission<br /><ul><li>Patients should:

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Cover mouth when coughing or sneezing

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Wear mask as instructed

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Open windows to assure proper ventilation

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Do not go to work or school until instructed by physician

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Avoid public places

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Limit visitors

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Maintain home or hospital isolation

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Pasiente moet:

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Hulle monde bedek wanneer hulle hoes of nies

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Maskers dra

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Vensters oopmaak

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Nie na skool of werk gaan as nog ander kan infekteer

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Publieke plekke vermei

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Nie baie besoekers ontvang

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Geisoleer word in die hospitaal</li>