Schools of Criminology
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Schools of Criminology
- 1. SCHOOLS OF CRIMINOLOGY AMITAVA ADHIKARY URK20CR1087 VELIKA D’SOUZA URK20CR1071
- 3. PRE-CLASSICAL SCHOOL PIONEER: ST. THOMAS AQUINAS YEAR: UNTIL 18TH CENTURY IDEOLOGY: CRIMINALS WERE THOSE PEOPLE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DEMONS OR SPIRITS
- 4. PUNISHMENT: BARBAROUS PUNISHMENTS TO FREE THE PERSON FROM THE EVIL SPIRIT Fire Ordeal Water Ordeal Poison Ordeal
- 5. ACCORDING HINDU RELIGION, SINNERS ARE SENT TO THE VARIOUS NARAKAS (HELLS) BY YAMADHARMA ACCORDING TO THEIR NATURE AND SERIOUSNESS OF THEIR SINS. Kalasutram (Hot as hell) Sucimukham (Tortured by needles)
- 6. CLASSICAL SCHOOL PIONEER: CESARE BECCARIA YEAR: 18TH CENTURY IDEOLOGY: • Based on Rationalism • Free-will theory • Principle of Hedonism
- 7. PUNISHMENT: • Defined by law • Pleasure-Pain Theory • Equal and severe punishment • Focussed more on the crime than criminal
- 8. NEO-CLASSICAL SCHOOL PIONEER: JEREMY BENTHAM YEAR: CIRCA MID 18TH CENTURY IDEOLOGY: The action of crime does not depend upon the free-will of the criminal alone, but also on other provocative factors.
- 9. PUNISHMENT: • Extenuating circumstances must be taken into account • Different treatment for children and the mentally ill • Introduction of the presentation of Expert Evidence in courts • Introduction of Minimum and Maximum sentences The study of the Causation of Crime began here.
- 10. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRE CLASSICAL AND NEO CLASSICAL PRE CLASSICAL • CRIMINAL’S PSYCHOLOGY WAS NEVER TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION • THE TREATMENT OF CRIMINALS WAS AS WORSE AS WILD ANIMALS • CRIMINALS WERE CONSIDERED AS DEMONS • A FEAR WAS USUALLY MADE WITHIN COMMONERS SO THAT THE MASS DOES NOT INDULGE IN CRIME NEO CLASSICAL • STARTED TREATING WITH EQUITY RATHER THAN EQUALITY • A LAW WAS MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RELIGION • PROVOCATION FACTORS WERE TAKEN IN ACCOUNT • TREATMENT OF MENTALLY ILL AND CHILDREN HAD A SOFT CORNER IN THE EYES OF LAW
- 12. • CONCEPT OF EVIL SPIRIT IN CRIMINALS • LAW WAS BUILD IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RELIGION • EQUAL LAW FOR ALL • STUDY OF CRIME BEGAN • FACTORS SUCH AS PROVOCATION WAS ALSO TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION