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EVALUATING LIS DOCTORAL PROGRAMS ON THE BASIS OF
CITATIONS: A STUDY OF UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTHERN STATES IN
INDIA
Vasantha Raju N1., & Harinarayana N.S.2
1Librairan, Government First Grade College, Talakadu-571 122
vasanthrz@gmail.com|9916882066
2 Professor, Department of Studies in Library and Information Science
University of Mysore, Mysore-570006
ns.harinarayana@gmail.com|9741533380
Abstract
Ranking the doctoral programs based on combined citations of the Faculty of Library and
Information Science (LIS) in the Southern States in India is attempted in the paper. The citation
data was collected using Publish or Perish 6 through Google Scholar (GS). This study helps to
identify the best LIS doctoral programs offered by LIS Departments in South India and also helps
us in identifying the existing problems in improving the quality of LIS education.
Keywords: Citation Analysis, LIS Programs, India, South India, LIS Schools, Doctoral
Programs, Evaluative Study
Citation:
Vasantha Raju, N. & Harinarayana, N.S. (2019, December). Evaluating LIS doctoral
programs on the basis of citations: A Study of universities in Southern states in
India. Paper Presented at the 5th
IATLIS International Conference of the Indian
Association of Teachers of Library and Information Science Organized in
Association with Pondicherry University on “Restructuring of Library and
Information Science Education in the Internet Era”, Pondicherry University,
Puducherry.
1. Introduction
Library and Information Science (LIS) education in India is more than a hundred-year-old
discipline now. As early as 1911, W.A. Borden with the support of Maharaja Sayajirao Gaikwad
II was started a short term training program in library science in Baroda. S.R. Ranganathan gave
an impetus for the growth of LIS as an academic discipline by starting a diploma course in library
science 19311
. Delhi University started the first master’s program in 1951. D.B. Krishna Rao, who
worked under the guidance of Ranganathan, received the first ever PhD degree in LIS in 1957 for
his thesis “Faceted classification in agriculture”2
. Today the universities, institutions, professional
bodies and other learned societies offer various kinds of LIS programs starting from certificate
course to PhD program to DLitt program across India. As per one estimation, more than180
universities have LIS programmes and 93 of them have doctoral programs3
. The number itself is
an indication of the growth of Indian LIS education in post-independent India.
S.R. Ranganathan started a diploma course in LIS in Madras University which marked the
initiation of LIS education in the southern part of India. LIS education in South India became very
popular. Documentation Research & Training Centre (DRTC) as a division of Indian Statistical
Institute (ISI) was started in 1962 by Ranganathan. The establishment of DRTC not only boosted
the research interest in LIS domain but also encouraged many South Indian universities to start
masters and doctoral programs in LIS. Singh & Babbar3
, in their study on doctoral research in
library and information science in India, have shown that of the 1754 PhD degrees awarded in
India between 1957 and 2012, 543 (30.96%) were awarded from southern state universities. While
Karnataka (224, 12.77%) topped the ranked list, Tamil Nadu (169, 9.64%) and Andhra Pradesh
(150, 8.55%) followed it. Another study by Chandrashekara & Ramasesh on doctoral research in
LIS in India4
has shown similar trend.
The increasing output in LIS doctoral degrees in India has also brought the issue of quantity versus
quality debate to the fore. Many studies have discussed the decreasing intellectual rigour in LIS
research in India.3,5,6
. However, there were no established standard or criteria for evaluating the
quality of doctoral programs in LIS in India. It is proposed in this paper that citations received by
the faculty members for their research papers could be considered as one of the measures for
evaluating the doctoral programs in LIS.
2. Literature Review
The evaluation studies or ranking of universities or institutions have become an interesting
phenomenon and attracted attention from policymakers, academics and other stakeholders
involved in educational quality and standard. The Academic Ranking of World Universities
(ARWU), Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings, QS World University
Rankings and National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) of India are some of the known
university ranking systems. ARWU or Shanghai Ranking is publishing Global ranking of academic
subjects since 2017, but none of the LIS schools from India has found a place in it.
Like US News and World Report, many Indian media outlets have also annually published
rankings of universities, colleges and technical institutions (e.g. India Today best commerce
colleges and Outlook best college surveys). These publications have become a means to select
colleges and universities. However, these publications were many a time alleged to have been
commissioned to attract students. Moreover, the criteria used by these media outlets neither proved
to be robust and more importantly not available for post-validation. There has been efforts to
overcome the limitations of these kinds of studies and scholars have looked at other means and
ways to evaluate or assess the performance of universities and specific departments or programs.
Neuendorf, Skalski, Atkin, Kogler-Hill & Perloff7
in their study on evaluating doctoral programs
on communications reports that, studies assessing the institutional quality employed two major
research approaches (1) subjective evaluation or peer assessment and another approach was
through (2) objective measures such as assessing scholarly productivity of faulty members.
In a very comprehensive study, Meho & Spurgin8
assesses various data sources and research
methods used for ranking the research productivity of library and information science faculty and
schools. This study tried to document the kind of data sources and research methods used for
analyzing scholarly productivity. This establishes that how scholarly productivity related research
has been done extensively in LIS. More specifically, some of the studies have analyzed the
scholarly productivity of faculty and countries in LIS using citation metrics.9-10
Allen et al11
have evaluated the master’s program in communications using citations. The authors
have gathered the citation data through Google Scholar. The study used combined number of
citations of faculty publications to rank the master’s programs in communications. In another
study, Allen, Maier & Grimes12
made an attempt to rank doctoral programs in communications
based on the combined number of citations to faculty publications. Though citation metrics have
their own limitations with regard to coverage of contents and other aspects, have proved to be an
effective objective method for evaluating or assessing faculty, institutions or universities or
country research profile. The present study replicated the methodological approach of Allen, Maier
& Grimes12
to evaluate LIS doctoral programs offered by Universities in Southern States in India.
3. Purpose and Objective of the Study
Indian LIS education completed its 100 years in 2011. The research culture in LIS which was
started by Dr. S.R. Ranganathan in 1950s in India is still strong and thriving. Number of Ph.Ds
conferred in LIS in India is seeing upward trend every year.13, 3
Many studies have been carried
out to document and analyze the research trends in LIS from Indian perspective. Few Studies have
looked at the Indian LIS researchers’ contribution in international journals and national research
productivity in LIS as reflected in Web of Science (WoS). Chandrakar & Arora14
have studied the
research publication pattern of India LIS professionals using WoS database. Harinarayana &
Vasantharaju15
in their study made attempt to examine the research impact of LIS teachers in South
India by using citation metrics. This study mainly concentrated on the impact of research
publications of faculty and their h-index. The studies mentioned above shows that there is hardly
any literature on evaluating or assessing doctoral programs in LIS in India. The main objective of
the study is to evaluate and rank LIS doctoral programs offered by Universities of Southern States
in India by using a combined number of citations to faculty publications.
4. Method
4.1.Selection of Universities Offering Doctoral Program in LIS
The study considered central and state universities located in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala,
Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Puducherry, an Indian Union Territory which are considered as
southern states of India. University list available through University Grants Commission (UGC)1
website was consulted for identifying and selecting universities for the study. Universities offering
doctoral programs in LIS either regular or distance mode were considered for the study.
Documentation Research & Training Centre (DRTC), AVVM Sri Pushpam College and Bishop
Hebbar College though have full-fledged LIS departments with doctoral programs have not been
1
https://www.ugc.ac.in/
included in the study because they are not part of university departmental Structure. Mahatma
Gandhi (MG) University, Kerala, was also excluded from study because of not having LIS faculty
information in their university website. In all 26 universities offering doctoral programs in LIS in
southern states in India were considered for the study (See Appendix-1).
4.2.Collection of Faculty Information
After identifying 26 universities offering doctoral programs in LIS in South India, university list
was prepared to identify departmental web link through the university websites. All the 26
universities websites were available for collecting faculty members list through LIS departments’
web page. Each university websites was visited from 08 Jan 2019 to 12 Jan 2019 to collect faculty
information such as name and designation of the faculty. The study considered Professors,
Associate Professors and Assistant Professors who have appointed on full-time or on permanent
basis. Faculty members appointed on contract basis or as visiting or guest faculty were excluded
from the study. In all 103 LIS faculty members working in different capacity (Professors (31),
Associate Professors (14) and Assistant Professors (58)) in different universities were considered
for collecting their research publications and citation data.
4.3.Collection of Publications and Citation Information
In order to collect the data of faculty research publications and citations, we relied on Google
Scholar2
, a freely available citation database. Publish or Perish 63
software was used to collect
faculty research publications and citations which uses Google Scholar citation data to calculate the
impact metrics. The Publish or Perish 6 Google Scholar Profile Query was used to identify faculty
publications and citation profile. Most of the LIS faculty had Google Scholar profile which made
the data collection simpler. Wherever Google Scholar author profile was not found, author and
institutional search options available in Google Scholar Query on Publish or Perish 6 was used to
search the faculty publications and citation metrics. Whenever there was some doubt with regard
to the retrieved faculty publications and citation metrics, faculty CV and publication list were
cross-verified. Information such as publication counts, citation counts, h-index and other citation
related data were collected for analysis.
2
https://scholar.google.co.in/
3
https://harzing.com/resources/publish-or-perish
5. Results of the Study
This section presents the results of the data analysis done after obtaining the faculty publication
details and citation metrics data from Google Scholar. The analysis presents the ranking of LIS
programs through university rankings, ranking of individual faculty, comparison between top
rankings universities and number of Ph.Ds. awarded by these universities and finally examining
the correlations between faculty publications, number of citations, number of publications, average
citations per publications and average citation per faculty.
5.1.Ranking of Doctoral Programs
Table 1 depicts the ranking of LIS doctoral Programs on the basis of combined citations of faculty
publications. University of Mysore with 1282 citations topped the ranking list followed by
Alagappa University with 1211 citations in the second position and Bharathidasan University with
884 citations ranked third in the order. Pondicherry University with 733 citations and Karnatak
University with 556 citations have stood at fourth and fifth positions respectively. The complete
list of Ranking of LIS doctoral programs is available in Table 1. Of the first 10 top LIS doctoral
programs, five of them have been from Karnataka. In terms of number of doctoral degrees
produced at the national level also, Karnataka stood at the top position.3-4
The newly established LIS schools such as Pondicherry University4
, Tumkur University and
Central University of Tamil Nadu5
have also featured in the top ten LIS doctoral programs.
However, this can be attributed for the faculty migration from their previous institutions to newly
established universities or institutions for better opportunities. At the same time, Osmania
University (1918), Andhra University (1926) and Madras University (1857) which have had long
history of LIS education in Southern states have relegated or ranked 17th, 22st and 22nd in the list.
The decrease in number of faculty in LIS programs is one of major factor for under performance
of some of the oldest and highly regarded universities in southern states.
Table-1: Ranking of LIS Doctoral Programs on the Basis of Citations
4
Though Pondicherry University was established in the year 1985, LIS program was started in in the year 2007-08
5
Tumkur University and Central University of Tamil Nadu though established in the year 2004 and 2009, Doctoral
programs in LIS was started in the year 2012 and 2018-19 respectively.
SL
No
Name of the University Ranking Number
of
Citations
Number
of
Publications
Number
of
Faculty
Average
Citations
per
Publication
Average
Citation
Per
Faculty
1. University of Mysore 1 1282 485 4 2.6 321
2. Alagappa University 2 1211 162 2 7.5 606
3. Bharathidasan University 3 884 693 6 1.3 147
4. Pondicherry University 4 733 148 5 5.0 147
5. Karnatak University 5 556 207 5 2.7 111
6. Tumkur University 6 550 90 5 6.1 110
7. Annamalai University 7 460 337 18 1.4 26
8. Mangalore University 8 403 127 3 3.2 134
9. Kuvempu University 9 386 111 4 3.5 97
10. Central University of Tamil
Nadu 10 308 90 5 3.4 62
11. University of Calicut 11 291 55 2 5.3 146
12. Gulbarga University 12 248 58 3 4.3 83
13. Periyar University 13 242 199 6 1.2 40
14. Akkamahadevi Women's
University 14 157 131 3 1.2 52
15. Rani Channamma University 15 144 64 4 2.3 36
16. Bangalore University 16 128 61 5 2.1 26
17. Osmania University 17 76 40 3 1.9 25
18. Madurai Kamaraj University 18 62 57 3 1.1 21
19. Dravidian University 19 30 58 3 0.5 10
20. Sri Venkateshwara University 20 24 91 3 0.3 8
21. Andhra University 21 18 7 1 2.6 8
22. University of Kerala 22 15 11 1 1.4 15
23. University of Madras 23 13 12 3 1.1 4
24. Bharathiar University 24 1 21 4 0.0 0
25. Sri Krishnadevraya University 25 0 0 1 0.0 0
26. Kannur University =25 0 0 1 0.0 0
5.2.Individual Faculty Ranking on the Basis of Citations
Table 2 indicates individual faculty ranking on the basis of total citations to their publications. As
shown in Table 2 the top cited faculty was Thanuskodi of Alagappa University, Tamil Nadu with
927 citations to his overall publications followed by Ramaiah C.K. of Pondicherry with 554
citations to his publications and Sampath Kumar of Tumkur University with 487 citations to his
total publications with an average of 7.73 citations per article. The other seven top faculty members
with highest citations were: Harinarayana N.S. and Mallinath Kumbar of Mysore University,
Mysore (356 and 338 citations respectively), Kumbar B.D. of Karnatak University, Dharwad (335
citations), Khaiser Jahan Begum of University of Mysore (329 citations), Biradar B.S., Kuvempu
University (309 citations), Shivalingaiah of Mangalore University (290 citations) and Jeyashankar,
Alagappa University (284 citations). Of the top ten faculty members with highest citations, seven
of them were from Karnataka. Complete faculty list with citations and h-index is given in
appendix-2.
Table-2: Individual Faculty Ranking on the Basis of Citations
SL
No
Faculty Name University Ranking Total
Citations*
Total
Publica
tions
Average
Citations
per
Paper
h-index
1. Thanuskodi S. Alagappa University 1 927 105 8.83 18
2. Ramaiah C.K. Pondicherry University 2 554 87 6.37 12
3. Sampath Kumar B.T. Tumkur University 3 487 63 7.73 12
4. Harinarayana N.S. University of Mysore 4 356 142 2.51 07
5. Mallinath Kumbar University of Mysore 5 338 150 2.25 10
6. Kumbar B.D. Karnatak University 6 335 101 3.32 10
7. Khaiser Jahan Begum University of Mysore 7 329 134 2.46 7
8. Biradar B.S. Kuvempu University 8 309 55 5.62 9
9. Shivalingaiah Mangalore University 9 290 37 7.84 9
10. Jeyshankar R. Alagappa University 10 284 57 4.98 8
11. Mohamed Haneefa K. University of Calicut 11 282 43 6.56 7
12. Chandrashekara M University of Mysore 12 259 59 4.39 9
13. Balasubramani R. Bharathidasan University 13 257 87 2.95 10
14. Sudhier K. G. Pillai Central University of
Tamil Nadu
14
220 58 3.79 9
15. Surulinathi M. Bharathidasan University 15 214 252 0.85 8
16. Radhakrishnan N. Periyar University 16 175 75 2.33 9
17. Hadagali G.S. Karnatak University 17 163 56 2.91 8
18. Ranganathan C. Bharathidasan University =17 163 89 0.55 6
19. Amsaveni N. Bharathidasan University 19 160 144 1.11 7
20. Sevukan R. Pondicherry University 20
137 25 5.48 5
21. Tadasad P.G. Akkamahadevi Women's
University
21
123 85 1.45 6
22. Parvathamma Gulbarga University 22 117 26 4.5 7
23. Kiran Prakash Savanur Rani Channamma
University 23 116 19 6.11 5
24. Mohamed Esmail S. Annamalai University 24 107 35 3.06 5
25. Patil D.B. Gulbarga University 25 104 13 8 5
26. Kemparaju T.D. Bangalore University 26 102 16 6.38 5
27. Sadik Batcha M. Annamalai University =26 102 91 1.12 6
28. Sivaraman P. Annamalai University 27 100 31 3.23 5
* Only those faculty who have obtained 100 and more citations have been listed in the table
5.3.Comparison of Universities of Top Ranking Doctoral Programs and Number of
Doctoral Degrees Awarded
Table 3 examines the relation between highly productive LIS doctoral program universities and
number of Ph.Ds awarded in India. If one can observe in Table 3 that University of Mysore which
was ranked top LIS doctoral program in term of citations also featured at 10th
position in terms of
number of Ph.Ds it has produced over the years. Same as with Karnatak University which stood at
the 5th
rank in terms of combined citations of its faculty, has produced 84 Ph.Ds and at the 3rd
position at all India level. Annamalai University has also produced good number of Ph.Ds as
shown in Table 3. Though this data does not firmly establishes that highly cited universities which
offers doctoral programs in LIS have produced highest number of Ph.Ds, but universities in
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh still have the credited of producing large number of
doctoral graduates in LIS.4,3
This result shows that there is strong interest by the aspired doctoral
students to prefer LIS doctoral programs offered by universities of southern states.
Table-3: Number of Citations Vs Number of Ph.Ds
SL
No.
University Name Ranking Number
of
Citations
SL
No.
University Name* Number
of Ph.Ds
Ranking
1. University of Mysore 1 1282 1. Jiwaji University (Madhya
Pradesh)
97 1
2. Alagappa University 2 1211 2. Annamalai University (Tamil
Nadu)
88 2
3. Bharathidasan University 3 884 3. Karnatak University
(Karnataka)
84 3
4. Pondicherry University 4 733 4. University of Pune
(Maharashtra)
67 4
5. Karnatak University 5 556 5. University of Madras (Tamil
Nadu)
63 5
6. Tumkur University 6 550 6. Andhra University (Andhra
Pradesh)
61 6
7. Annamalai University 7 460 7. University of Delhi (New
Delhi)
58 7
8. Mangalore University 8 403 8. Panjab University
(Chandigarh)
54 8
9. Kuvempu University 9 386 9. University of Rajasthan
(Rajasthan)
52 9
10. Central University of
Tamil Nadu
10 308 10. Nagpur University
(Maharashtra)
51 10
11. University of Calicut 11 291 11. University of Mysore
(Karnataka)
51 10
12. Gulbarga University 12 248 12. Sri Venkatswara University
(Andhra Pradesh)
44 11
13. Periyar University 13 242 13. Jadavpur University (Kolkata) 43 12
14. Akkamahadevi Women's
University
14 157 14. Gauhati University (Assam) 38 13
15. Rani Channamma
University
15 144 15. Utkal University (Odisha) 34 14
16. Bangalore University 16 128 16. Gulbarga University
(Karnataka)
33 15
17. Osmania University 17 76 17. Dr. Hari Singh Gour
Vishwavidyalaya (Madhya
Pradesh)
33 15
18. Madurai Kamaraj
University
18 62 18. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
Marathwada University,
Aurangabad (Maharashtra)
33 15
19. Dravidian University 19 30 19. Banaras Hindu University
(Uttar Pradesh)
33 15
20. Sri Venkateshwara
University
20 24 20. Sambalpur University (Odisha) 32 16
21. Andhra University 21 18 21. Bundelkhand University (Uttar
Pradesh)
31 17
22. University of Kerala 22 15 22. University of Calicut (Kerala) 30 18
23. University of Madras 23 13 23. Vikram University (Madhya
Pradesh)
29 19
24. Bharathiar University 24 1 24. Guru Nanak Dev University
(Punjab)
29 19
25. Sri Krishnadevraya
University
25 0 25. University of Calcutta
(Kolkata)
27 20
26. Kannur University 25 0 26. Osmania University (Andhra
Pradesh)
27 20
* List of University Wise Distributions of Ph.Ds in LIS was obtained from Singh & Babbar (2014) study on Doctoral Research in
Library and Information Science in India: Issues and Challenges. The list includes both North and South Indian LIS Schools which
have produced highest number of doctoral theses in LIS. The data was limited to total number of Ph.Ds awarded across universities
in India till 2012.
5.4.Correlation Between Ranking, Citations, Faculty Size, Average Citations per
Publication and per Faculty
Table 4 depicts the relationships or associations between different variables. The reason behind
examining the correlations across different variables is to see whether there is any relationship or
association between number of faculty and number of citations, number of publications, average
number of citations per publication and average citations per faculty. Table 4 indicates there is an
association between number of faculty and number of citations (r (25) =.24, p=0.23) however there
is no strong correlation between the variables. There is a significant positive relationship between
number of faculty and number of publications (r (25) =.48, p=0.01). This result indicates that
number of faculty in a department have a strong impact on number of publications. While
collecting the data for the study, it was observed that most of the LIS schools with doctoral
programs in southern states have severe faculty crunch. This issue needs to be addressed at the
earliest. The result found that there is no significant association or relationship between number of
faculty and average citations per publication (r (25) =-.03, p=0.85) or average citations per faculty
(r (25) =-.06, p=0.76).
Table-4: Correlations Between ranking, citations, faculty size, and average number of
citations per publication and per faculty per publication and per faculty
* indicates significant, ** indicates not significant, p <.05
6. Discussion
The results of the study revealed that it was the doctoral programs of University of Mysore with
1282 faculty combined citations secured the first rank followed by Alagappa University with 1211
citations in the second place and Bharathidasan University with 884 citations in the third place.
The surprising result was some of the newly established universities were figured in top ten ranking
of the LIS doctoral programs in southern states in India (e.g., Pondicherry University ( 4th
Rank),
Tumkur University( 6th
Rank) and Central University of Tamil Nadu (10th
Rank) . This can be
Variables Mean (SD) Ranking Number
of
Citations
Number of
Publications
Number
of
Faculty
Average
Citations
Per
Publication
Average
Citations
Per
Faculty
Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of
Citations 316(365) -0.90*
Number of
Publications 128(159) -0.69* 0.73*
Number of
Faculty 4(3) -0.41* 0.24* 0.48*
Average Citations
Per Publication 2(2) -0.68* 0.60* 0.04** -0.03**
Average Citation
Per Faculty 86(129) -0.70* 0.86* 0.40* -0.06** 0.71*
attributed for the relocation of faculty from one university to another university for better career
opportunities. Another strong reason for this is that decreasing number of faculty members in LIS
departments in Southern States universities in India. While collecting the data for this study it was
observed that some of LIS schools were running with single faculty member.
Some of the oldest LIS departments are running with two or three faculty members, for example
University of Madras LIS department which was started in the year 1931 is having only three
permanent faculty members, Osmania University LIS department which was started in the year
1959 is running with three faculty members and Andhra University LIS department established in
1935 is having only one faculty member. These universities have had the credit of producing good
number of doctoral degrees in LIS. But now because of faculty shortage their publications and
citation profiles have been on the decline. This is reflected in the ranking order of doctoral
programs also. The correlation analysis of the study found that there is strong positive relationship
between number of faculty and number of publications. Universities should take immediate and
concrete measure to appoint faculty members for LIS departments otherwise it is impossible to
carry forward the research legacy once these universities were known for.
The individual faculty ranking in this study indicates clear pattern of strong research culture in
some universities. University of Mysore has four (all the faculty) faculty in the ranking list so as
Alagappa university with its two faculty in the list and so on. This indicates that strong research
culture influences faculty to engage in research activities. The comparison with number of
combined citations of faculty with that of number of Ph.Ds awarded in LIS in India shows that
some of the top ranking LIS departments which have received good number of citations have also
produced good number of Ph.Ds over the years.
7. Conclusion
Citation metrics studies are not new to LIS professionals, for centuries LIS professionals have used
citation metrics to assess usage of library materials. With the introduction of Science Citation
Index (SCI) by Eugene Garfield of Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) in 1950s citation based
studies have emerged as major area of research in LIS.16
However, in Indian context many of the
studies have used citation metrics to assess either institutional research productivity or individual
research contributions. Here in this study, citations received by the faculty for their publications
were used to assess or evaluate the doctoral programs. Not much research has happened in this
line in India. This kind of studies can be replicated or used to evaluate departmental or program
performances.
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15. Harinarayana N and Vasantha Raju N, Citation analysis of publications of LIS teachers in
South India. Information Studies, 18 (3) (2012) 143-161.
16. White P B, Using data mining for citation analysis, College & Research Libraries, 80 (1)
(2019). Available at https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/article/view/16892/18538
APPENDIX-1: LIS SCHOOLS OFFERING DOCTORAL PROGRAMS IN SOUTHERN STATES IN INDIA
SL.
No
University Name Type State Year
of
Establishment
BLIS MLISc MLISc
(Integrated)
2 Year
M. Phil Ph.D. Certificate
/Add-On
Course
Regular Distance Regular Distance Regular Distance FT* PT** FT PT External
1. Andhra University State Andhra Pradesh 1926 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
2. Dravidian University State Andhra Pradesh 1997 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
3. Sri Krishnadevaraya University State Andhra Pradesh 1981 Yes Yes Yes
4. Sri Venkateshwara University State Andhra Pradesh 1954 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
5. Akkamahadevi Women's
University
State Karnataka 2003 Yes Yes Yes Yes C.LIB
6. Bangalore University State Karnataka 1964 Yes Yes Yes
7. Gulbarga University State Karnataka 1980 Yes Yes Yes
8. Karnatak University State Karnataka 1950 Yes Yes Yes Yes
9. Kuvempu University State Karnataka 1987 Yes Yes Yes Yes
10. Mangalore Univeristy State Karnataka 1980 Yes Yes Yes
11. Rani Channamma University State Karnataka 2010 Yes Yes Yes
12. Tumakur University State Karnataka 2004 Yes Yes Yes
13. University of Mysore State Karnataka 1916 Yes Yes Yes Yes
14. Calicut University State Kerala 1968 Yes Yes Yes Yes
15. Kannur University State Kerala 1996 Yes Yes Yes
16. Kerala University State Kerala 1937 Yes Yes Yes
17. Pondicherry University Central Puducherry 1985 Yes Yes PGDLAN
18. Alagappa University State Tamil Nadu 1985 Yes Yes Yes Yes
19. Annamalai University State Tamil Nadu Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
20. Bharathiar University State Tamil Nadu 1981 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
21. Bharathidasan University State Tamil Nadu 1982 Yes
(Lateral
Entry)
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
22. Madurai Kamaraj University State Tamil Nadu 1966 Yes
(Lateral
Entry)
Yes Yes Yes Yes
23. Periyar University State Tamil Nadu 1997 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes CLIS
24. Tamil Nadu Central University Central Tamil Nadu 2009 Yes Yes Yes
25. University of Madras State Tamil Nadu 1857 Yes Yes Yes
26. Osmania University State Telangana 1918 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Note: * Full Time, ** Part Time
APPENDIX-2: FACULTY PUBLICATION, CITATION COUNT AND H-INDEX
SL No Faculty name University Number of
Citations
Number of
Publications
Cites/Paper h-Index
1 Dr. S. Thanuskodi Alagappa University 927 105 8.83 18
2 Dr. C.K. Ramaiah Pondicherry University 554 87 6.37 12
3 Dr. B.T. Sampath Kumar Tumkur University 487 63 7.73 12
4 Dr. Harinarayana N.S. University of Mysore 356 142 2.51 7
5 Dr. Mallinath Kumbar University of Mysore 338 150 2.25 10
6 Dr. B. D. Kumbar Karnatak University 335 101 3.32 10
7 Dr. Khaiser Jahan Begum University of Mysore 329 134 2.46 7
8 Dr. Biradar B.S. Kuvempu University 309 55 5.62 9
9 Dr. Shivalingaiah University of Mangalore 290 37 7.84 9
10 Dr. R. Jeyshankar Alagappa University 284 57 4.98 8
11 Dr. Mohamed Haneefa K. University of Calicut 282 43 6.56 7
12 Dr. Chandrashekara M University of Mysore 259 59 4.39 9
13 Dr. R. Balasubramani Bharathidasan University 257 87 2.95 10
14 Dr. Sudhier K. G. Pillai Central University of Tamil
Nadu
220 58 3.79 9
15 Dr. M. Surulinathi Bharathidasan University 214 252 0.85 8
16 Dr. N. Radhakrishnan Periyar University 175 75 2.33 9
SL No Faculty name University Number of
Citations
Number of
Publications
Cites/Paper h-Index
17 Dr. G. S. Hadagali Karnatak University 163 56 2.91 8
18 Dr. C. Ranganathan Bharathidasan University 163 89 0.55 6
19 Dr. N. Amsaveni Bharathidasan University 160 144 1.11 7
20 Dr. R. Sevukan Pondicherry University 137 25 5.48 5
21 Prof. P.G. Tadasad Akkamahadevi Women's
University
123 85 1.45 6
22 Dr. Parvathamma Gulbarga University 117 26 4.5 7
23 D. Kiran Prakash Savanur Rani Channamma University 116 19 6.11 5
24 Dr. S. Mohamed Esmail Annamalai University 107 35 3.06 5
25 Dr. D. B. Patil Gulbarga University 104 13 8 5
26 Dr. T. D.Kemparaju Bangalore University 102 16 6.38 5
27 Dr. M. Sadik Batcha Annamalai University 102 91 1.12 6
28 Dr. P. Sivaraman Annamalai University 100 31 3.23 5
29 Dr. Umesha Naik University of Mangalore 99 76 1.3 4
30 Dr. S. Ravi Central University of Tamil
Nadu
88 27 3.26 4
31 Prof. V. Vishwa Mohan Osmania University 68 21 3.24 5
32 Dr. Dharani Kumar P Kuvempu University 52 33 1.58 3
33 Dr. S. Srinivasaragavan Bharathidasan University 47 39 1.21 3
34 Dr. P. Ravichandran Annamalai University 45 15 3 3
SL No Faculty name University Number of
Citations
Number of
Publications
Cites/Paper h-Index
35 Dr. Rajendra Babu H. Tumkur University 43 6 7.17 2
36 Dr. B. Jeyapragash Bharathidasan University 43 82 0.52 4
37 Dr. R. R. Naik Karnatak University 37 31 1.19 4
38 Dr. T. Saravanan Annamalai University 37 30 1.23 3
39 Dr. Gavisiddappa Anandhalli Akkamahadevi Women's
University
34 45 0.74 5
40 Dr. K. Chinnasamy Madurai Kamaraj University 34 24 1.42 3
41 Dr. V. T. Kamble Gulbarga University 27 19 1.42 3
42 Dr. P. Padma Madurai Kamaraj University 27 30 0.9 3
43 Dr. Mangkhollen Singson Pondicherry University 26 15 1.73 3
44 Dr. Padmamma S. Kuvempu University 23 21 1.1 3
45 Ramesh Kuri Rani Channamma University 21 17 1.24 3
46 Dr. C. Murugan Periyar University 21 24 0.88 3
47 Dr. V. Dhana Raju Andhra University 18 7 2.57 2
48 Rupesh Kumar A. Tumkur University 18 12 1.5 1
49 Dr. C. Krishnamurthy Karnatak University 17 15 1.13 3
50 Dr. D. Sankaranarayanan Annamalai University 15 6 2.5 3
51 Dr. E. S. Kavitha Periyar University 15 36 0.42 3
52 Dr. P. Gomathi Periyar University 15 25 0.6 3
53 Prof. M. Doraswamy Dravidian University 14 12 1.17 2
SL No Faculty name University Number of
Citations
Number of
Publications
Cites/Paper h-Index
54 Dr. Ramesha Bangalore University 14 16 0.88 2
55 Dr. Khaisar M. Khan University of Mangalore 14 14 1 2
56 Dr. R. Ponnudurai Annamalai University 14 20 0.7 2
57 Dr. V. Senthilkumar Annamalai University 14 8 1.75 2
58 Dr. M. Jayaprakash Periyar University 14 35 0.4 1
59 Dr. V. Chandrakumar University of Madras 13 10 1.3 2
60 Mr. M. Leeladharan Pondicherry University 12 15 0.80 2
61 Kaza Padmini Sri Venkateshwara University 12 47 0.26 2
62 Dr. M. Veerabasavaiah Bangalore University 12 28 0.43 2
63 Dr. Mini Devi Kerala University 11 15 0.73 2
64 Dr. K. Sanjeevi Annamalai University 11 52 0.21 2
65 Dr. Vasudevan T.M. University of Calicut 9 12 0.75 2
66 Dr. Avineni Kishore Dravidian University 8 15 0.53 2
67 Dr. M. Anjaiah Dravidian University 8 31 0.26 1
68 Chandraiah I. Sri Venkateshwara University 7 9 0.78 2
69 Dr. K. Bharathi Osmania University 7 5 1.4 1
70 Dr. R. M. Seethai Annamalai University 6 6 1.00 2
71 Prasantha Kumari M. Sri Venkateshwara University 5 35 0.14 2
72 Dr. Maranna O. Rani Channamma University 5 15 0.33 1
SL No Faculty name University Number of
Citations
Number of
Publications
Cites/Paper h-Index
73 Dr. M.G. Sathiyamurthy Annamalai University 5 6 0.83 2
74 Dr. Rekha .R.V. Pondicherry University 4 6 0.67 1
75 Shri. Anil B. Talawar Karnatak University 4 4 1.00 2
76 Dr. Santhosh Kumar K.T. Kuvempu University 2 2 1 1
77 Dr. Vinayaka Bankapur Rani Channamma University 2 13 0.15 1
78 Dr. Keshava Tumkur University 2 8 0.25 1
79 Dr. R. Natarajan Annamalai University 2 11 0.18 1
80 Dr. M. Palaniappan Periyar University 2 4 0.5 1
81 Dr. K. Vijayakumar Annamalai University 1 20 0.05 1
82 Dr. R. Ramesh Annamalai University 1 6 0.17 1
83 Dr. Sarangapani Bharathiar University 1 20 0.02 1
84 Dr. P. Chellappandi Madurai Kamaraj University 1 3 0.33 1
85 J. Vivekavardhan Osmania University 1 14 0.07 1
86 Dr. Anila Sulochana Central University of Tamil
Nadu
0 2 0 0
87 Dr. Taddi Murali Central University of Tamil
Nadu
0 1 0 0
88 V. K. Dhanyasree Central University of Tamil
Nadu
0 2 0 0
89 Dr. D. Ravinder Sri Krishnadevraya University 0 0 0 0
SL No Faculty name University Number of
Citations
Number of
Publications
Cites/Paper h-Index
90 Dr. Shantadevi T. Akkamahadevi Women's
University
0 1 0 0
91 Dr. M. Raghunandana Bangalore University 0 1 0 0
92 K. G. Jayaram Nayak Bangalore University 0 0 0 0
93 Hemavathi B.N. Tumkur University 0 1 0 0
94 Ms Ramya A.V. Kannur University 0 0 0 0
95 Mr. C. Senthilkumar Annamalai University 0 0 0 0
96 Ms. R. Jayapriya Annamalai University 0 0 0 0
97 Ms. C. Suguna Annamalai University 0 0 0 0
98 Mr. S. Kasinathan Annamalai University 0 0 0 0
99 Dr. N. Thirunavukkaras Bharathiar University 0 0 0 0
100 Dr. M. Uma Bharathiar University 0 1 0 0
101 Mr. V. Rajendran Bharathiar University 0 0 0 0
102 Dr. Fazlunnisa. H University of Madras 0 2 0 0
103 Mr. A. Perumal University of Madras 0 0 0 0

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Evaluating doctoral program in LIS on the basis of citations: A study of universities in Southern States in India

  • 1. EVALUATING LIS DOCTORAL PROGRAMS ON THE BASIS OF CITATIONS: A STUDY OF UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTHERN STATES IN INDIA Vasantha Raju N1., & Harinarayana N.S.2 1Librairan, Government First Grade College, Talakadu-571 122 vasanthrz@gmail.com|9916882066 2 Professor, Department of Studies in Library and Information Science University of Mysore, Mysore-570006 ns.harinarayana@gmail.com|9741533380 Abstract Ranking the doctoral programs based on combined citations of the Faculty of Library and Information Science (LIS) in the Southern States in India is attempted in the paper. The citation data was collected using Publish or Perish 6 through Google Scholar (GS). This study helps to identify the best LIS doctoral programs offered by LIS Departments in South India and also helps us in identifying the existing problems in improving the quality of LIS education. Keywords: Citation Analysis, LIS Programs, India, South India, LIS Schools, Doctoral Programs, Evaluative Study Citation: Vasantha Raju, N. & Harinarayana, N.S. (2019, December). Evaluating LIS doctoral programs on the basis of citations: A Study of universities in Southern states in India. Paper Presented at the 5th IATLIS International Conference of the Indian Association of Teachers of Library and Information Science Organized in Association with Pondicherry University on “Restructuring of Library and Information Science Education in the Internet Era”, Pondicherry University, Puducherry.
  • 2. 1. Introduction Library and Information Science (LIS) education in India is more than a hundred-year-old discipline now. As early as 1911, W.A. Borden with the support of Maharaja Sayajirao Gaikwad II was started a short term training program in library science in Baroda. S.R. Ranganathan gave an impetus for the growth of LIS as an academic discipline by starting a diploma course in library science 19311 . Delhi University started the first master’s program in 1951. D.B. Krishna Rao, who worked under the guidance of Ranganathan, received the first ever PhD degree in LIS in 1957 for his thesis “Faceted classification in agriculture”2 . Today the universities, institutions, professional bodies and other learned societies offer various kinds of LIS programs starting from certificate course to PhD program to DLitt program across India. As per one estimation, more than180 universities have LIS programmes and 93 of them have doctoral programs3 . The number itself is an indication of the growth of Indian LIS education in post-independent India. S.R. Ranganathan started a diploma course in LIS in Madras University which marked the initiation of LIS education in the southern part of India. LIS education in South India became very popular. Documentation Research & Training Centre (DRTC) as a division of Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) was started in 1962 by Ranganathan. The establishment of DRTC not only boosted the research interest in LIS domain but also encouraged many South Indian universities to start masters and doctoral programs in LIS. Singh & Babbar3 , in their study on doctoral research in library and information science in India, have shown that of the 1754 PhD degrees awarded in India between 1957 and 2012, 543 (30.96%) were awarded from southern state universities. While Karnataka (224, 12.77%) topped the ranked list, Tamil Nadu (169, 9.64%) and Andhra Pradesh (150, 8.55%) followed it. Another study by Chandrashekara & Ramasesh on doctoral research in LIS in India4 has shown similar trend. The increasing output in LIS doctoral degrees in India has also brought the issue of quantity versus quality debate to the fore. Many studies have discussed the decreasing intellectual rigour in LIS research in India.3,5,6 . However, there were no established standard or criteria for evaluating the quality of doctoral programs in LIS in India. It is proposed in this paper that citations received by the faculty members for their research papers could be considered as one of the measures for evaluating the doctoral programs in LIS.
  • 3. 2. Literature Review The evaluation studies or ranking of universities or institutions have become an interesting phenomenon and attracted attention from policymakers, academics and other stakeholders involved in educational quality and standard. The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings, QS World University Rankings and National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) of India are some of the known university ranking systems. ARWU or Shanghai Ranking is publishing Global ranking of academic subjects since 2017, but none of the LIS schools from India has found a place in it. Like US News and World Report, many Indian media outlets have also annually published rankings of universities, colleges and technical institutions (e.g. India Today best commerce colleges and Outlook best college surveys). These publications have become a means to select colleges and universities. However, these publications were many a time alleged to have been commissioned to attract students. Moreover, the criteria used by these media outlets neither proved to be robust and more importantly not available for post-validation. There has been efforts to overcome the limitations of these kinds of studies and scholars have looked at other means and ways to evaluate or assess the performance of universities and specific departments or programs. Neuendorf, Skalski, Atkin, Kogler-Hill & Perloff7 in their study on evaluating doctoral programs on communications reports that, studies assessing the institutional quality employed two major research approaches (1) subjective evaluation or peer assessment and another approach was through (2) objective measures such as assessing scholarly productivity of faulty members. In a very comprehensive study, Meho & Spurgin8 assesses various data sources and research methods used for ranking the research productivity of library and information science faculty and schools. This study tried to document the kind of data sources and research methods used for analyzing scholarly productivity. This establishes that how scholarly productivity related research has been done extensively in LIS. More specifically, some of the studies have analyzed the scholarly productivity of faculty and countries in LIS using citation metrics.9-10 Allen et al11 have evaluated the master’s program in communications using citations. The authors have gathered the citation data through Google Scholar. The study used combined number of citations of faculty publications to rank the master’s programs in communications. In another study, Allen, Maier & Grimes12 made an attempt to rank doctoral programs in communications
  • 4. based on the combined number of citations to faculty publications. Though citation metrics have their own limitations with regard to coverage of contents and other aspects, have proved to be an effective objective method for evaluating or assessing faculty, institutions or universities or country research profile. The present study replicated the methodological approach of Allen, Maier & Grimes12 to evaluate LIS doctoral programs offered by Universities in Southern States in India. 3. Purpose and Objective of the Study Indian LIS education completed its 100 years in 2011. The research culture in LIS which was started by Dr. S.R. Ranganathan in 1950s in India is still strong and thriving. Number of Ph.Ds conferred in LIS in India is seeing upward trend every year.13, 3 Many studies have been carried out to document and analyze the research trends in LIS from Indian perspective. Few Studies have looked at the Indian LIS researchers’ contribution in international journals and national research productivity in LIS as reflected in Web of Science (WoS). Chandrakar & Arora14 have studied the research publication pattern of India LIS professionals using WoS database. Harinarayana & Vasantharaju15 in their study made attempt to examine the research impact of LIS teachers in South India by using citation metrics. This study mainly concentrated on the impact of research publications of faculty and their h-index. The studies mentioned above shows that there is hardly any literature on evaluating or assessing doctoral programs in LIS in India. The main objective of the study is to evaluate and rank LIS doctoral programs offered by Universities of Southern States in India by using a combined number of citations to faculty publications. 4. Method 4.1.Selection of Universities Offering Doctoral Program in LIS The study considered central and state universities located in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Puducherry, an Indian Union Territory which are considered as southern states of India. University list available through University Grants Commission (UGC)1 website was consulted for identifying and selecting universities for the study. Universities offering doctoral programs in LIS either regular or distance mode were considered for the study. Documentation Research & Training Centre (DRTC), AVVM Sri Pushpam College and Bishop Hebbar College though have full-fledged LIS departments with doctoral programs have not been 1 https://www.ugc.ac.in/
  • 5. included in the study because they are not part of university departmental Structure. Mahatma Gandhi (MG) University, Kerala, was also excluded from study because of not having LIS faculty information in their university website. In all 26 universities offering doctoral programs in LIS in southern states in India were considered for the study (See Appendix-1). 4.2.Collection of Faculty Information After identifying 26 universities offering doctoral programs in LIS in South India, university list was prepared to identify departmental web link through the university websites. All the 26 universities websites were available for collecting faculty members list through LIS departments’ web page. Each university websites was visited from 08 Jan 2019 to 12 Jan 2019 to collect faculty information such as name and designation of the faculty. The study considered Professors, Associate Professors and Assistant Professors who have appointed on full-time or on permanent basis. Faculty members appointed on contract basis or as visiting or guest faculty were excluded from the study. In all 103 LIS faculty members working in different capacity (Professors (31), Associate Professors (14) and Assistant Professors (58)) in different universities were considered for collecting their research publications and citation data. 4.3.Collection of Publications and Citation Information In order to collect the data of faculty research publications and citations, we relied on Google Scholar2 , a freely available citation database. Publish or Perish 63 software was used to collect faculty research publications and citations which uses Google Scholar citation data to calculate the impact metrics. The Publish or Perish 6 Google Scholar Profile Query was used to identify faculty publications and citation profile. Most of the LIS faculty had Google Scholar profile which made the data collection simpler. Wherever Google Scholar author profile was not found, author and institutional search options available in Google Scholar Query on Publish or Perish 6 was used to search the faculty publications and citation metrics. Whenever there was some doubt with regard to the retrieved faculty publications and citation metrics, faculty CV and publication list were cross-verified. Information such as publication counts, citation counts, h-index and other citation related data were collected for analysis. 2 https://scholar.google.co.in/ 3 https://harzing.com/resources/publish-or-perish
  • 6. 5. Results of the Study This section presents the results of the data analysis done after obtaining the faculty publication details and citation metrics data from Google Scholar. The analysis presents the ranking of LIS programs through university rankings, ranking of individual faculty, comparison between top rankings universities and number of Ph.Ds. awarded by these universities and finally examining the correlations between faculty publications, number of citations, number of publications, average citations per publications and average citation per faculty. 5.1.Ranking of Doctoral Programs Table 1 depicts the ranking of LIS doctoral Programs on the basis of combined citations of faculty publications. University of Mysore with 1282 citations topped the ranking list followed by Alagappa University with 1211 citations in the second position and Bharathidasan University with 884 citations ranked third in the order. Pondicherry University with 733 citations and Karnatak University with 556 citations have stood at fourth and fifth positions respectively. The complete list of Ranking of LIS doctoral programs is available in Table 1. Of the first 10 top LIS doctoral programs, five of them have been from Karnataka. In terms of number of doctoral degrees produced at the national level also, Karnataka stood at the top position.3-4 The newly established LIS schools such as Pondicherry University4 , Tumkur University and Central University of Tamil Nadu5 have also featured in the top ten LIS doctoral programs. However, this can be attributed for the faculty migration from their previous institutions to newly established universities or institutions for better opportunities. At the same time, Osmania University (1918), Andhra University (1926) and Madras University (1857) which have had long history of LIS education in Southern states have relegated or ranked 17th, 22st and 22nd in the list. The decrease in number of faculty in LIS programs is one of major factor for under performance of some of the oldest and highly regarded universities in southern states. Table-1: Ranking of LIS Doctoral Programs on the Basis of Citations 4 Though Pondicherry University was established in the year 1985, LIS program was started in in the year 2007-08 5 Tumkur University and Central University of Tamil Nadu though established in the year 2004 and 2009, Doctoral programs in LIS was started in the year 2012 and 2018-19 respectively.
  • 7. SL No Name of the University Ranking Number of Citations Number of Publications Number of Faculty Average Citations per Publication Average Citation Per Faculty 1. University of Mysore 1 1282 485 4 2.6 321 2. Alagappa University 2 1211 162 2 7.5 606 3. Bharathidasan University 3 884 693 6 1.3 147 4. Pondicherry University 4 733 148 5 5.0 147 5. Karnatak University 5 556 207 5 2.7 111 6. Tumkur University 6 550 90 5 6.1 110 7. Annamalai University 7 460 337 18 1.4 26 8. Mangalore University 8 403 127 3 3.2 134 9. Kuvempu University 9 386 111 4 3.5 97 10. Central University of Tamil Nadu 10 308 90 5 3.4 62 11. University of Calicut 11 291 55 2 5.3 146 12. Gulbarga University 12 248 58 3 4.3 83 13. Periyar University 13 242 199 6 1.2 40 14. Akkamahadevi Women's University 14 157 131 3 1.2 52 15. Rani Channamma University 15 144 64 4 2.3 36 16. Bangalore University 16 128 61 5 2.1 26 17. Osmania University 17 76 40 3 1.9 25 18. Madurai Kamaraj University 18 62 57 3 1.1 21 19. Dravidian University 19 30 58 3 0.5 10 20. Sri Venkateshwara University 20 24 91 3 0.3 8 21. Andhra University 21 18 7 1 2.6 8 22. University of Kerala 22 15 11 1 1.4 15 23. University of Madras 23 13 12 3 1.1 4 24. Bharathiar University 24 1 21 4 0.0 0 25. Sri Krishnadevraya University 25 0 0 1 0.0 0 26. Kannur University =25 0 0 1 0.0 0 5.2.Individual Faculty Ranking on the Basis of Citations Table 2 indicates individual faculty ranking on the basis of total citations to their publications. As shown in Table 2 the top cited faculty was Thanuskodi of Alagappa University, Tamil Nadu with 927 citations to his overall publications followed by Ramaiah C.K. of Pondicherry with 554 citations to his publications and Sampath Kumar of Tumkur University with 487 citations to his
  • 8. total publications with an average of 7.73 citations per article. The other seven top faculty members with highest citations were: Harinarayana N.S. and Mallinath Kumbar of Mysore University, Mysore (356 and 338 citations respectively), Kumbar B.D. of Karnatak University, Dharwad (335 citations), Khaiser Jahan Begum of University of Mysore (329 citations), Biradar B.S., Kuvempu University (309 citations), Shivalingaiah of Mangalore University (290 citations) and Jeyashankar, Alagappa University (284 citations). Of the top ten faculty members with highest citations, seven of them were from Karnataka. Complete faculty list with citations and h-index is given in appendix-2. Table-2: Individual Faculty Ranking on the Basis of Citations SL No Faculty Name University Ranking Total Citations* Total Publica tions Average Citations per Paper h-index 1. Thanuskodi S. Alagappa University 1 927 105 8.83 18 2. Ramaiah C.K. Pondicherry University 2 554 87 6.37 12 3. Sampath Kumar B.T. Tumkur University 3 487 63 7.73 12 4. Harinarayana N.S. University of Mysore 4 356 142 2.51 07 5. Mallinath Kumbar University of Mysore 5 338 150 2.25 10 6. Kumbar B.D. Karnatak University 6 335 101 3.32 10 7. Khaiser Jahan Begum University of Mysore 7 329 134 2.46 7 8. Biradar B.S. Kuvempu University 8 309 55 5.62 9 9. Shivalingaiah Mangalore University 9 290 37 7.84 9 10. Jeyshankar R. Alagappa University 10 284 57 4.98 8 11. Mohamed Haneefa K. University of Calicut 11 282 43 6.56 7 12. Chandrashekara M University of Mysore 12 259 59 4.39 9 13. Balasubramani R. Bharathidasan University 13 257 87 2.95 10 14. Sudhier K. G. Pillai Central University of Tamil Nadu 14 220 58 3.79 9 15. Surulinathi M. Bharathidasan University 15 214 252 0.85 8 16. Radhakrishnan N. Periyar University 16 175 75 2.33 9 17. Hadagali G.S. Karnatak University 17 163 56 2.91 8 18. Ranganathan C. Bharathidasan University =17 163 89 0.55 6 19. Amsaveni N. Bharathidasan University 19 160 144 1.11 7 20. Sevukan R. Pondicherry University 20 137 25 5.48 5 21. Tadasad P.G. Akkamahadevi Women's University 21 123 85 1.45 6 22. Parvathamma Gulbarga University 22 117 26 4.5 7 23. Kiran Prakash Savanur Rani Channamma University 23 116 19 6.11 5 24. Mohamed Esmail S. Annamalai University 24 107 35 3.06 5 25. Patil D.B. Gulbarga University 25 104 13 8 5 26. Kemparaju T.D. Bangalore University 26 102 16 6.38 5
  • 9. 27. Sadik Batcha M. Annamalai University =26 102 91 1.12 6 28. Sivaraman P. Annamalai University 27 100 31 3.23 5 * Only those faculty who have obtained 100 and more citations have been listed in the table 5.3.Comparison of Universities of Top Ranking Doctoral Programs and Number of Doctoral Degrees Awarded Table 3 examines the relation between highly productive LIS doctoral program universities and number of Ph.Ds awarded in India. If one can observe in Table 3 that University of Mysore which was ranked top LIS doctoral program in term of citations also featured at 10th position in terms of number of Ph.Ds it has produced over the years. Same as with Karnatak University which stood at the 5th rank in terms of combined citations of its faculty, has produced 84 Ph.Ds and at the 3rd position at all India level. Annamalai University has also produced good number of Ph.Ds as shown in Table 3. Though this data does not firmly establishes that highly cited universities which offers doctoral programs in LIS have produced highest number of Ph.Ds, but universities in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh still have the credited of producing large number of doctoral graduates in LIS.4,3 This result shows that there is strong interest by the aspired doctoral students to prefer LIS doctoral programs offered by universities of southern states. Table-3: Number of Citations Vs Number of Ph.Ds SL No. University Name Ranking Number of Citations SL No. University Name* Number of Ph.Ds Ranking 1. University of Mysore 1 1282 1. Jiwaji University (Madhya Pradesh) 97 1 2. Alagappa University 2 1211 2. Annamalai University (Tamil Nadu) 88 2 3. Bharathidasan University 3 884 3. Karnatak University (Karnataka) 84 3 4. Pondicherry University 4 733 4. University of Pune (Maharashtra) 67 4 5. Karnatak University 5 556 5. University of Madras (Tamil Nadu) 63 5 6. Tumkur University 6 550 6. Andhra University (Andhra Pradesh) 61 6 7. Annamalai University 7 460 7. University of Delhi (New Delhi) 58 7 8. Mangalore University 8 403 8. Panjab University (Chandigarh) 54 8
  • 10. 9. Kuvempu University 9 386 9. University of Rajasthan (Rajasthan) 52 9 10. Central University of Tamil Nadu 10 308 10. Nagpur University (Maharashtra) 51 10 11. University of Calicut 11 291 11. University of Mysore (Karnataka) 51 10 12. Gulbarga University 12 248 12. Sri Venkatswara University (Andhra Pradesh) 44 11 13. Periyar University 13 242 13. Jadavpur University (Kolkata) 43 12 14. Akkamahadevi Women's University 14 157 14. Gauhati University (Assam) 38 13 15. Rani Channamma University 15 144 15. Utkal University (Odisha) 34 14 16. Bangalore University 16 128 16. Gulbarga University (Karnataka) 33 15 17. Osmania University 17 76 17. Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (Madhya Pradesh) 33 15 18. Madurai Kamaraj University 18 62 18. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad (Maharashtra) 33 15 19. Dravidian University 19 30 19. Banaras Hindu University (Uttar Pradesh) 33 15 20. Sri Venkateshwara University 20 24 20. Sambalpur University (Odisha) 32 16 21. Andhra University 21 18 21. Bundelkhand University (Uttar Pradesh) 31 17 22. University of Kerala 22 15 22. University of Calicut (Kerala) 30 18 23. University of Madras 23 13 23. Vikram University (Madhya Pradesh) 29 19 24. Bharathiar University 24 1 24. Guru Nanak Dev University (Punjab) 29 19 25. Sri Krishnadevraya University 25 0 25. University of Calcutta (Kolkata) 27 20 26. Kannur University 25 0 26. Osmania University (Andhra Pradesh) 27 20 * List of University Wise Distributions of Ph.Ds in LIS was obtained from Singh & Babbar (2014) study on Doctoral Research in Library and Information Science in India: Issues and Challenges. The list includes both North and South Indian LIS Schools which have produced highest number of doctoral theses in LIS. The data was limited to total number of Ph.Ds awarded across universities in India till 2012. 5.4.Correlation Between Ranking, Citations, Faculty Size, Average Citations per Publication and per Faculty Table 4 depicts the relationships or associations between different variables. The reason behind examining the correlations across different variables is to see whether there is any relationship or association between number of faculty and number of citations, number of publications, average number of citations per publication and average citations per faculty. Table 4 indicates there is an
  • 11. association between number of faculty and number of citations (r (25) =.24, p=0.23) however there is no strong correlation between the variables. There is a significant positive relationship between number of faculty and number of publications (r (25) =.48, p=0.01). This result indicates that number of faculty in a department have a strong impact on number of publications. While collecting the data for the study, it was observed that most of the LIS schools with doctoral programs in southern states have severe faculty crunch. This issue needs to be addressed at the earliest. The result found that there is no significant association or relationship between number of faculty and average citations per publication (r (25) =-.03, p=0.85) or average citations per faculty (r (25) =-.06, p=0.76). Table-4: Correlations Between ranking, citations, faculty size, and average number of citations per publication and per faculty per publication and per faculty * indicates significant, ** indicates not significant, p <.05 6. Discussion The results of the study revealed that it was the doctoral programs of University of Mysore with 1282 faculty combined citations secured the first rank followed by Alagappa University with 1211 citations in the second place and Bharathidasan University with 884 citations in the third place. The surprising result was some of the newly established universities were figured in top ten ranking of the LIS doctoral programs in southern states in India (e.g., Pondicherry University ( 4th Rank), Tumkur University( 6th Rank) and Central University of Tamil Nadu (10th Rank) . This can be Variables Mean (SD) Ranking Number of Citations Number of Publications Number of Faculty Average Citations Per Publication Average Citations Per Faculty Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 6 Number of Citations 316(365) -0.90* Number of Publications 128(159) -0.69* 0.73* Number of Faculty 4(3) -0.41* 0.24* 0.48* Average Citations Per Publication 2(2) -0.68* 0.60* 0.04** -0.03** Average Citation Per Faculty 86(129) -0.70* 0.86* 0.40* -0.06** 0.71*
  • 12. attributed for the relocation of faculty from one university to another university for better career opportunities. Another strong reason for this is that decreasing number of faculty members in LIS departments in Southern States universities in India. While collecting the data for this study it was observed that some of LIS schools were running with single faculty member. Some of the oldest LIS departments are running with two or three faculty members, for example University of Madras LIS department which was started in the year 1931 is having only three permanent faculty members, Osmania University LIS department which was started in the year 1959 is running with three faculty members and Andhra University LIS department established in 1935 is having only one faculty member. These universities have had the credit of producing good number of doctoral degrees in LIS. But now because of faculty shortage their publications and citation profiles have been on the decline. This is reflected in the ranking order of doctoral programs also. The correlation analysis of the study found that there is strong positive relationship between number of faculty and number of publications. Universities should take immediate and concrete measure to appoint faculty members for LIS departments otherwise it is impossible to carry forward the research legacy once these universities were known for. The individual faculty ranking in this study indicates clear pattern of strong research culture in some universities. University of Mysore has four (all the faculty) faculty in the ranking list so as Alagappa university with its two faculty in the list and so on. This indicates that strong research culture influences faculty to engage in research activities. The comparison with number of combined citations of faculty with that of number of Ph.Ds awarded in LIS in India shows that some of the top ranking LIS departments which have received good number of citations have also produced good number of Ph.Ds over the years. 7. Conclusion Citation metrics studies are not new to LIS professionals, for centuries LIS professionals have used citation metrics to assess usage of library materials. With the introduction of Science Citation Index (SCI) by Eugene Garfield of Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) in 1950s citation based studies have emerged as major area of research in LIS.16 However, in Indian context many of the studies have used citation metrics to assess either institutional research productivity or individual research contributions. Here in this study, citations received by the faculty for their publications were used to assess or evaluate the doctoral programs. Not much research has happened in this
  • 13. line in India. This kind of studies can be replicated or used to evaluate departmental or program performances. References 1. Varalakshmi V, Library and information science education in South India: perspective and challenges, DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology, 30 (5) (2010) 32-47. 2. Singh S, Library and information science education in India: issues and trends, Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science, 8 (2) (2003) 1-17. 3. Singh S P and Babbar P, Doctoral research in library and information science in India: trends and issues, DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 34 (2) (2014) 170-180. 4. Chandrashekara M and Ramsesh, Library and information research in India. Paper Presented at the Asia-Pacific Conference on Library & Information Education & Practice, Japan (2009). Available at http://www.slis.tsukuba.ac.jp/a- liep2009/proceedings/Papers/a65.pdf 5. Satija M, Whom do we surve: docotoral research in library and information science ressearch in India, DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology, 18 (1) (1998) 19-24. 6. Satija M, What ails doctoral research in library and information science in India? DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 30 (5) (2010) 61-66. 7. Neuendor K A Skalski P D Atkin D Kogler-Hill S E and Perloff R, The view from the ivory tower: evaluating doctoral programs in communication, Communication Reports, 20 (1) (2007) 24-41. Availabe at doi:DOI: 10.1080/08934210601180747 8. Meho L I and Spurgin K M, Ranking the research productivity of library and information science faculty and schools: an evaluation of data sources and research methods, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 56 (12) (2005) 1314– 1331. 9. Adkins D and Budd J, Scholarly productivity of U. S. LIS faculty, Library & Information Science Research, 28 (3) (2006) 374-389. 10. Shaw D and Vaughan L, Publication and citation patterns among LIS faculty: profiling a “typical professor”, Library & Information Science Research, 30(1) (2008) 47-55. Available at doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2007.07.002 11. Allen M Bourhis J Burrell N Benedict B Adebayo T Cherney M Langston D Peck B Quinn S and Richard R, Evaluation communication of master’s program on the basis of
  • 14. Google citations, Journal of the Association for Communication Administration, 36 (2)(2017) 51-69. 12. Allen M Maier M and Grimes D, Evaluating doctoral programs in communication on the basis of citations, The Electronic Journal of Communication, 22 (1 & 2) 2012. Avialable at http://www.cios.org/EJCPUBLIC/022/1/022122.html. 13. Kumbar M and Vasantha Raju N, Research productivity in library and information science in India during 1957-2006, SRELS Journal of Information Management, 45(1) (2008) 71-81. 14. Chandrakar R and Arora J, Indian national research productivity in library and information science, INFLIBNET Newsletter, 17 (4) (2011) 15-20. 15. Harinarayana N and Vasantha Raju N, Citation analysis of publications of LIS teachers in South India. Information Studies, 18 (3) (2012) 143-161. 16. White P B, Using data mining for citation analysis, College & Research Libraries, 80 (1) (2019). Available at https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/article/view/16892/18538
  • 15. APPENDIX-1: LIS SCHOOLS OFFERING DOCTORAL PROGRAMS IN SOUTHERN STATES IN INDIA SL. No University Name Type State Year of Establishment BLIS MLISc MLISc (Integrated) 2 Year M. Phil Ph.D. Certificate /Add-On Course Regular Distance Regular Distance Regular Distance FT* PT** FT PT External 1. Andhra University State Andhra Pradesh 1926 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2. Dravidian University State Andhra Pradesh 1997 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 3. Sri Krishnadevaraya University State Andhra Pradesh 1981 Yes Yes Yes 4. Sri Venkateshwara University State Andhra Pradesh 1954 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 5. Akkamahadevi Women's University State Karnataka 2003 Yes Yes Yes Yes C.LIB 6. Bangalore University State Karnataka 1964 Yes Yes Yes 7. Gulbarga University State Karnataka 1980 Yes Yes Yes 8. Karnatak University State Karnataka 1950 Yes Yes Yes Yes 9. Kuvempu University State Karnataka 1987 Yes Yes Yes Yes 10. Mangalore Univeristy State Karnataka 1980 Yes Yes Yes 11. Rani Channamma University State Karnataka 2010 Yes Yes Yes 12. Tumakur University State Karnataka 2004 Yes Yes Yes 13. University of Mysore State Karnataka 1916 Yes Yes Yes Yes 14. Calicut University State Kerala 1968 Yes Yes Yes Yes 15. Kannur University State Kerala 1996 Yes Yes Yes 16. Kerala University State Kerala 1937 Yes Yes Yes 17. Pondicherry University Central Puducherry 1985 Yes Yes PGDLAN 18. Alagappa University State Tamil Nadu 1985 Yes Yes Yes Yes 19. Annamalai University State Tamil Nadu Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 20. Bharathiar University State Tamil Nadu 1981 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 21. Bharathidasan University State Tamil Nadu 1982 Yes (Lateral Entry) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 22. Madurai Kamaraj University State Tamil Nadu 1966 Yes (Lateral Entry) Yes Yes Yes Yes
  • 16. 23. Periyar University State Tamil Nadu 1997 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes CLIS 24. Tamil Nadu Central University Central Tamil Nadu 2009 Yes Yes Yes 25. University of Madras State Tamil Nadu 1857 Yes Yes Yes 26. Osmania University State Telangana 1918 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Note: * Full Time, ** Part Time
  • 17. APPENDIX-2: FACULTY PUBLICATION, CITATION COUNT AND H-INDEX SL No Faculty name University Number of Citations Number of Publications Cites/Paper h-Index 1 Dr. S. Thanuskodi Alagappa University 927 105 8.83 18 2 Dr. C.K. Ramaiah Pondicherry University 554 87 6.37 12 3 Dr. B.T. Sampath Kumar Tumkur University 487 63 7.73 12 4 Dr. Harinarayana N.S. University of Mysore 356 142 2.51 7 5 Dr. Mallinath Kumbar University of Mysore 338 150 2.25 10 6 Dr. B. D. Kumbar Karnatak University 335 101 3.32 10 7 Dr. Khaiser Jahan Begum University of Mysore 329 134 2.46 7 8 Dr. Biradar B.S. Kuvempu University 309 55 5.62 9 9 Dr. Shivalingaiah University of Mangalore 290 37 7.84 9 10 Dr. R. Jeyshankar Alagappa University 284 57 4.98 8 11 Dr. Mohamed Haneefa K. University of Calicut 282 43 6.56 7 12 Dr. Chandrashekara M University of Mysore 259 59 4.39 9 13 Dr. R. Balasubramani Bharathidasan University 257 87 2.95 10 14 Dr. Sudhier K. G. Pillai Central University of Tamil Nadu 220 58 3.79 9 15 Dr. M. Surulinathi Bharathidasan University 214 252 0.85 8 16 Dr. N. Radhakrishnan Periyar University 175 75 2.33 9
  • 18. SL No Faculty name University Number of Citations Number of Publications Cites/Paper h-Index 17 Dr. G. S. Hadagali Karnatak University 163 56 2.91 8 18 Dr. C. Ranganathan Bharathidasan University 163 89 0.55 6 19 Dr. N. Amsaveni Bharathidasan University 160 144 1.11 7 20 Dr. R. Sevukan Pondicherry University 137 25 5.48 5 21 Prof. P.G. Tadasad Akkamahadevi Women's University 123 85 1.45 6 22 Dr. Parvathamma Gulbarga University 117 26 4.5 7 23 D. Kiran Prakash Savanur Rani Channamma University 116 19 6.11 5 24 Dr. S. Mohamed Esmail Annamalai University 107 35 3.06 5 25 Dr. D. B. Patil Gulbarga University 104 13 8 5 26 Dr. T. D.Kemparaju Bangalore University 102 16 6.38 5 27 Dr. M. Sadik Batcha Annamalai University 102 91 1.12 6 28 Dr. P. Sivaraman Annamalai University 100 31 3.23 5 29 Dr. Umesha Naik University of Mangalore 99 76 1.3 4 30 Dr. S. Ravi Central University of Tamil Nadu 88 27 3.26 4 31 Prof. V. Vishwa Mohan Osmania University 68 21 3.24 5 32 Dr. Dharani Kumar P Kuvempu University 52 33 1.58 3 33 Dr. S. Srinivasaragavan Bharathidasan University 47 39 1.21 3 34 Dr. P. Ravichandran Annamalai University 45 15 3 3
  • 19. SL No Faculty name University Number of Citations Number of Publications Cites/Paper h-Index 35 Dr. Rajendra Babu H. Tumkur University 43 6 7.17 2 36 Dr. B. Jeyapragash Bharathidasan University 43 82 0.52 4 37 Dr. R. R. Naik Karnatak University 37 31 1.19 4 38 Dr. T. Saravanan Annamalai University 37 30 1.23 3 39 Dr. Gavisiddappa Anandhalli Akkamahadevi Women's University 34 45 0.74 5 40 Dr. K. Chinnasamy Madurai Kamaraj University 34 24 1.42 3 41 Dr. V. T. Kamble Gulbarga University 27 19 1.42 3 42 Dr. P. Padma Madurai Kamaraj University 27 30 0.9 3 43 Dr. Mangkhollen Singson Pondicherry University 26 15 1.73 3 44 Dr. Padmamma S. Kuvempu University 23 21 1.1 3 45 Ramesh Kuri Rani Channamma University 21 17 1.24 3 46 Dr. C. Murugan Periyar University 21 24 0.88 3 47 Dr. V. Dhana Raju Andhra University 18 7 2.57 2 48 Rupesh Kumar A. Tumkur University 18 12 1.5 1 49 Dr. C. Krishnamurthy Karnatak University 17 15 1.13 3 50 Dr. D. Sankaranarayanan Annamalai University 15 6 2.5 3 51 Dr. E. S. Kavitha Periyar University 15 36 0.42 3 52 Dr. P. Gomathi Periyar University 15 25 0.6 3 53 Prof. M. Doraswamy Dravidian University 14 12 1.17 2
  • 20. SL No Faculty name University Number of Citations Number of Publications Cites/Paper h-Index 54 Dr. Ramesha Bangalore University 14 16 0.88 2 55 Dr. Khaisar M. Khan University of Mangalore 14 14 1 2 56 Dr. R. Ponnudurai Annamalai University 14 20 0.7 2 57 Dr. V. Senthilkumar Annamalai University 14 8 1.75 2 58 Dr. M. Jayaprakash Periyar University 14 35 0.4 1 59 Dr. V. Chandrakumar University of Madras 13 10 1.3 2 60 Mr. M. Leeladharan Pondicherry University 12 15 0.80 2 61 Kaza Padmini Sri Venkateshwara University 12 47 0.26 2 62 Dr. M. Veerabasavaiah Bangalore University 12 28 0.43 2 63 Dr. Mini Devi Kerala University 11 15 0.73 2 64 Dr. K. Sanjeevi Annamalai University 11 52 0.21 2 65 Dr. Vasudevan T.M. University of Calicut 9 12 0.75 2 66 Dr. Avineni Kishore Dravidian University 8 15 0.53 2 67 Dr. M. Anjaiah Dravidian University 8 31 0.26 1 68 Chandraiah I. Sri Venkateshwara University 7 9 0.78 2 69 Dr. K. Bharathi Osmania University 7 5 1.4 1 70 Dr. R. M. Seethai Annamalai University 6 6 1.00 2 71 Prasantha Kumari M. Sri Venkateshwara University 5 35 0.14 2 72 Dr. Maranna O. Rani Channamma University 5 15 0.33 1
  • 21. SL No Faculty name University Number of Citations Number of Publications Cites/Paper h-Index 73 Dr. M.G. Sathiyamurthy Annamalai University 5 6 0.83 2 74 Dr. Rekha .R.V. Pondicherry University 4 6 0.67 1 75 Shri. Anil B. Talawar Karnatak University 4 4 1.00 2 76 Dr. Santhosh Kumar K.T. Kuvempu University 2 2 1 1 77 Dr. Vinayaka Bankapur Rani Channamma University 2 13 0.15 1 78 Dr. Keshava Tumkur University 2 8 0.25 1 79 Dr. R. Natarajan Annamalai University 2 11 0.18 1 80 Dr. M. Palaniappan Periyar University 2 4 0.5 1 81 Dr. K. Vijayakumar Annamalai University 1 20 0.05 1 82 Dr. R. Ramesh Annamalai University 1 6 0.17 1 83 Dr. Sarangapani Bharathiar University 1 20 0.02 1 84 Dr. P. Chellappandi Madurai Kamaraj University 1 3 0.33 1 85 J. Vivekavardhan Osmania University 1 14 0.07 1 86 Dr. Anila Sulochana Central University of Tamil Nadu 0 2 0 0 87 Dr. Taddi Murali Central University of Tamil Nadu 0 1 0 0 88 V. K. Dhanyasree Central University of Tamil Nadu 0 2 0 0 89 Dr. D. Ravinder Sri Krishnadevraya University 0 0 0 0
  • 22. SL No Faculty name University Number of Citations Number of Publications Cites/Paper h-Index 90 Dr. Shantadevi T. Akkamahadevi Women's University 0 1 0 0 91 Dr. M. Raghunandana Bangalore University 0 1 0 0 92 K. G. Jayaram Nayak Bangalore University 0 0 0 0 93 Hemavathi B.N. Tumkur University 0 1 0 0 94 Ms Ramya A.V. Kannur University 0 0 0 0 95 Mr. C. Senthilkumar Annamalai University 0 0 0 0 96 Ms. R. Jayapriya Annamalai University 0 0 0 0 97 Ms. C. Suguna Annamalai University 0 0 0 0 98 Mr. S. Kasinathan Annamalai University 0 0 0 0 99 Dr. N. Thirunavukkaras Bharathiar University 0 0 0 0 100 Dr. M. Uma Bharathiar University 0 1 0 0 101 Mr. V. Rajendran Bharathiar University 0 0 0 0 102 Dr. Fazlunnisa. H University of Madras 0 2 0 0 103 Mr. A. Perumal University of Madras 0 0 0 0