its a brief introduction to the 4K retina display technology used in the most advanced televisions and cameras.

1. Display Technology
Presented by:
ASHUTOSH SHARMA(03196502812)
UTKARSH DE(04896502812)

2. Presentation Outline
 History
 Introduction
 Motivation
 4K Resolution Specifications
 Difference b/w UHD and 4K
 REC. 2020 Standard
 Frame rate and Digital Representation
 8K technology
 Conclusion
 References

3. History
 The first commercially available 4K camera for cinematographic
purposes was the Dalsa Origin, released in 2003. The projection of films
at 4K resolution at cinemas began in 2011 .The first 4K home theatre
projector was released by Sony in 2012.
 YouTube began supporting 4K for video uploads in 2010. Users could view
4K video by selecting "Original" from the quality settings until December
2013, when the 2160p option appeared in the quality menu.
 Sony is one of the leading studios promoting UHDTV content, as of 2013
offering a little over 70 movie and television titles via digital download
to a specialized player that stores and decodes the video.

4. Introduction
 4K is the new big thing in display technology.
 1920 x 1080 resolution - full HD TVs: Image of around 2 megapixels
 UHDTV - 8 megapixel image from hi-resolution cameras.
 4K denotes a very specific display resolution of 4096 x 2160.
 Proposed by NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories and
defined and approved by the International Telecommunication Union
(ITU).
 It will soon become a format for both broadcast TV and Blu-ray.

5. Motivation
 The high definition comes in two flavors which are 720p (HD ready)
and 1080p (Full HD).
 Both standards offer more picture information than the standard
definition formats.
 The more pixels that make up an image, the more detail you see - and
the smoother the appearance of curved and diagonal lines.
 Ultra HD takes that on to the next level.
 A high pixel count also enables images to go larger before they break
up, which suits the trend to bigger TVs.

6.  The real difference between 720p and 1080p is the minimum viewing
distance from TV about two meters.
 Increasing pixel density leads to closer viewing distance without the
pixel grid becoming obvious to viewer.
 A 4K image - or Ultra HD - enables user to sit 1.6m from the screen.

7. 4K Resolution

9. 4K Resolution Specifications
 "Ultra High-Definition", or "Ultra HD",
 Have an aspect ratio of at least 16:9
 Can present native video at a minimum resolution of 4096 x 2160 pixels.
 4K UHDTV (2160p) is 4096 pixels wide by 2160 pixels tall (8.3
megapixels), which is four times more pixels than 1920 x 1080 (2.1
megapixels).
 8K UHDTV (4320p) is 7680 pixels wide by 4320 pixels tall
(33 megapixels), which is sixteen times more pixels than current 1080p
HDTV, which brings it closer to the detail level of 15/70 mm IMAX.
 The p in 2160p and 4320p stands for progressive scan.

10.  UHD is a resolution of 4096 pixels × 2160 lines (8.3 megapixels, aspect
ratio 16:9) and is one of the two resolutions of ultra high definition
television targeted towards consumer television, the other being FUHD
which is 7680 pixels × 4320 lines (33.2 megapixels). UHD has twice the
horizontal and vertical resolution of the 1080p HDTV format, with four
times as many pixels overall.
ULTRA HD

11.  The Digital Cinema Initiatives consortium established a standard
resolution of 4096 pixels × 2160 lines (8.8 megapixels, aspect ratio
~17:9) for 4K film projection. This is the native resolution for DCI-
compliant 4K digital projectors and monitors; pixels are cropped from
the top or sides depending on the aspect ratio of the content being
projected. The DCI 4K standard has twice the horizontal and vertical
resolution of DCI 2K, with four times as many pixels overall. DCI 4K
does not confirm to the standard 1080p Full HD aspect ratio (16:9), so
it is not a multiple of the 1080p display.
DIGITAL CINEMA

12. Recording in 4K
 The main advantage of recording video at the 4K standard is that fine
spatial detail is resolved well. This contrasts with 2K resolutions in
which fine detail in hair is displayed poorly. If the final video quality is
reduced to 2K from a 4K recording more detail is apparent than would
have been achieved from a 2K recording. Increased fineness and
contrast is then possible with output to DVD and Blu-ray.

14. Difference b/w UHD and 4K
 Technically, "Ultra High Definition" is actually a derivation of the 4K
digital cinema standard. However while your local multiplex shows
images in native 4096 x 2160 4K resolution, the new Ultra HD
consumer format has a slightly lower resolution of 3840 X 2160.
 This is one reason why some brands prefer not to use the 4K label at
all, sticking with Ultra HD or UHD instead. However, the numerical
shorthand looks likely to stick. As a broad brush label it's so much
snappier!

15. How far should you sit from a 4K TV for
the best picture
 4K Ultra HD is a much more intimate viewing experience than Full HD.
In many respects, the best way to view 4K is analogous to the way we
view films in a cinema. Old style cinemas were shoe-box shaped and
most patrons sat typically 3-5 screen heights away, because that was
the most comfortable viewing distance.
 Consequently, a large 4K screen is probably best viewed at a distance
of between 2-3m

16. Viewing Distance

17. REC. 2020 Standard
 Recommendation 2020 defines
various aspects of ultra high
definition television (UHDTV) such
as display resolution, frame rate,
chroma subsampling, bit depth,
and color space.
 The wavelength of the Rec. 2020
primary colors is:
 630 nm for the Red primary color.
 532 nm for the Green primary
color
 467 nm for the Blue primary color.

18. Frame rate and Digital Representation
 Frame rate, also known as frame frequency and frames per second
(FPS), is the frequency (rate) at which an imaging device produces
unique consecutive images called frames. The term applies equally well
to film and video cameras, computer graphics, and motion capture
systems.
 120p, 60p, 59.94p, 50p, 30p, 29.97p, 25p, 24p, 23.976p.
 Only progressive scan frame rates are allowed.
 The NHK is planning for their UHDTV system, Super Hi-Vision, to use 12-
bits per sample RGB.

19. How small will 4K Ultra HD screens get
 In the short term, screen sizes are likely to stabilise at 55-inches and
upwards. That's because as the screen size shrinks the advantage of
having such a pixel dense display starts to diminish. There's also an
irrefutable relationship between screen resolution and viewing
distances.
 While seating will vary from home to home, generally speaking a large
4K TV will provide an upgrade for a smaller 1080p screen. However,
the 4K resolution will ultimately be about more than just definition.

20. Growth of 4K

21. Are 4K televisions future-proof
 While there is no content yet that can take advantage of this higher
4K frame rate -- apart from PC games -- we consider HDMI 2.0 a must-
have for any 4K TV going forward. In addition to including it in their
2014 4K TVs, many makers also offer an upgrade path that enables
their 2013 4K TVs to be upgraded to HDMI 2.0. Compared to 1080p TVs
they still demand a premium.

22. Hang on, what about 8K
 If 4K offers four times the resolution of Full HD, then 8K will deliver
16 times the definition. 8K screens comprise a staggering 33 million
pixels.This is an order of magnitude beyond any display technology
currently available, and only one broadcaster, Japanese state owned
NHK, has publically said it intends to commercialise the technology.
NHK has since pledged to shoot and transmit the 2020 Tokyo Olympics
in the format.

23. Conclusion
 Complex implementation.
 Requires a large shift in the broadcast and entertainment
infrastructure.
 Currently the only devices to offer Ultra HD play-out are ultra high
resolution PC graphics cards, which typically use a quartet of SDI or
HDMI outputs to deliver 8MP of video.

24. References
 1) 4K resolution, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K_resolution.
 2) CIExy1931 Rec 2020 and Rec 709,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CIExy1931_Rec_2020_and_Rec_709.svg
 3) Rec. 2020, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rec._2020
 4) Ultra high definition television,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_high_definition_television
 5) Ultra HD and 4K TV: Everything you need to know,
http://www.techradar.com/news/home-cinema/high-definitionultra-hd-
everything-you-need-to-know-about-4k-tv-1048954