1. Chinese Geopolitical History and Urban
Context (Eastern China)
Urban development strategies in an era of global-local interaction
presenter: Dr. Yawei Chen RE&H, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology
Urbanism, the Sichuan Summer School
20/04/2010
1
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
Real estate and Housing, Faculty of Architecture
2. Content
I: China’s development path and urban
transformation;
II: Urban development and the
development of urban mega project:
Pudong as an example;
III: Conclusion.
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3. China’d Development Path
• Catalyst factor of globalisation;
• Neoliberalisation of Chinese politics with Chinese
characteristics;
• Space accommodate urban revolution: from state-led
industrialisation to urban-based accumulation.
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5. Implication for Chinese Urban
Development Process
• Economic development as central theme;
• Public sector as initiator;
• Network strategy and coalition with the market;
• Selective intervention.
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6. China’s Development Path
Beijing-Bohai
Beijing-
Bay Region
Yangtze River
Delta Region
Chengdu-
Chengdu-
Chongqing region
Pearl Delta
River Region
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7. Consequence of China’s Development
Path
• Dynamic, energetic, with diversified economic, social,
and cultural activities;
• Great social, economic, and spatial differentiation and
inequalities;
• Loosened registration system and unprecedented
massive rural-urban migration;
• Impact of foreign and domestic investment on urban
economic production and consumption;
• New pattern of housing development and urban
community formation.
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10. Shanghai Pudong Development 2009
What development strategies are
adopted in Shanghai Pudong New Area
to transform a large-scale harbour
industrial area into the economic
powerhouse of Shanghai so rapidly?
Pudong 2009: 121041 ha
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11. SWOT Analysis
• Strength: market potential; high-rate economic growth;
national economic engine; well-educated population;
• Weakness: lack of investment; lack of advanced
knowledge and know-how; urban decay and spatial
deterioration; lack of accessibility and mobility;
• Potential: political and social support; Chinese global
business network; accessibility to global finance,
information and know-how;
• Threat: institutional barriers; interest conflicts.
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13. Vision
• Change in initiatives:
• Reducing the density of overcrowded Puxi;
• Readjusting urban structure;
• “Dragon head” of Yangtze Delta and Yangtze River Valley;
• Goal:
• Pudong: “reshape Shanghai as economic centre and
international metropolitan” ; “Build an international-
standard, multi-functional new district with open and
modern image”. (Master Plan of Pudong 1992).
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14. Developmental Goal
Waigaoqiao Free-
trade Zone(10 km2)
Jinqiao Export Processing
Zone (24 km2)
Zhangjiang High-tech
Park (10 km2)
Lujiazui Financial and
Trade Zone (28 km2)
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15. Actor Synergy
• Pudong as a Special Economic Zone:
• Focus on service sector and high tech;
• Preferential policies to attract FDI;
• SEZ prestige status: more autonomy at local level;
• Priority zones with priority functions.
• Local state as an initiator, promoter, mediator and later an
enabler;
• Central state as facilitator and coordinator: force collaboration
between different levels of governments for national interest;
• Chinese global business network, global investors and FDI;
• Multinational organisations, foreign governments;
• Global architect firms and international design competition.
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16. Organisational & Administrative
Efficiency
• Development companies:
• Main players; business oriented;
• Subsidiaries handle different phases of land and infrastructure
development: increase efficiency;
• Institutional adaptation:
• Revision of approval procedures: one stop system;
• Legal adaptation: establish market-facilitating laws, regulation
and policies;
• Formal/informal communication channels;
• Human resources: mobilize talented and expertise globally;
• Gradual approach but result-oriented: test what work.
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17. Active Land Policy
• Land as income generator:
• Land owned by the state;
• Land use right commercialized;
• Development companies as organisational agency: e.g. :
Shanghai Lujiazui FTZ Development (Group) Company Ltd (SLDC);
• Land development:
• Joint venture with private sector;
• Bank loan with land as deposit;
• Sell land use right to smaller developers;
• Listing in securities;
• Land banking.
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18. Accessibility Upgrading
• Increase investment in infrastructure sector;
• Development strategy:
• Improve Pudong-Puxi connection;
• Improve fast transportation networks within and
beyond metropolitan region;
• Improve linkage to the outside world;
• Organisation structure.
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21. PPP/ Complex Global-local Connection
Chinese global business network : Multinational
organizations:
Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, etc.
ADB, World Bank,
UNDP, etc.
•Decision-making;
Ministries
•Land; Shanghai
•Infrastructure; Pudong
•Real estate; Region LG CG
District Local Global
•Finance.
China
International developer: Capitaland, Kerry; Foreign
Chiatai Group; Morri Building; etc. governments:
France, Japan,
MNC: Hutchison Whampoa; Philips, GE, JVC; Germany, etc.
Volvo; GM; Toyota; ABN-AMRO; etc.
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22. From Development to Urban Quality
State Level Date Plann Devel- Invested in No of Contract investment
Developme open ed oped area fixed assets proje (US$ millions)
nt Zones area (sq. km) (million cts Foreign Non - Shanghai
(sq. yuan) Shanghai
km)
Lujiazui
1990 28 14.50 1718.51 106 30.10 21.81 52.51
Jinqiao
1990 20 23.72 623.27 620 114.13 7.52 6.87
Waigaoqia
1990 10 8.50 263.74 8064 85.75
o
Zhangjian
1992 25 17.00 587.26 938 78.76 8.50 13.98
g
Total 83 63.72 3192.78 9728 435.73 37.83 73.36
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Key Development Zones in Pudong (1990-2004)
23. From Development to Urban Quality
Emerging Strategy
GDP grow th in Shanghai and sector division (1978-2008)
10 0 m i l l i o n Yu a n
14 000,00
12 000,00
10 000,00
8 000,00
Tertiary industry
6 000,00
Secondary industry
4 000,00
Primary industry
2 000,00
0,00
1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008
Year
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