The presentation has been done by the researcher Helena Bermudez Sabel on the Language, Data and Knowledge 2017 Conference (http://ldk2017.org/). The paper that is presented there stems from the ERC Starting Grant 2015 project Poetry Standardization and Linked Open Data project (POSTDATA). As its name reveals, one of the main aims of POSTDATA is to provide a means to publish European Poetry (EP) data as Linked Open Data (LOD). Thus, developing a metadata application profile (MAP) as a common semantic model to be used by the EP community is a crucial step of this project. This MAP will enhance interoperability among the community members in particular, and among the EP community and other contexts in general (e.g. bibliographic records). This paper presents the methodology followed in the process of defining the concepts of the domain model of this MAP, as well as some issues that arise when labeling philological terms. The full paper can be found here: http://postdata.linhd.es/papers/

1. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Towards Interoperability in the European
Poetry Community
the Standardization of Philological Concepts
H. Berm´udez-Sabel1 M. Curado Malta1 2
E. Gonz´alez-Blanco1
1Laboratorio de Innovaci´on en Humanidades Digitales
Universidad de Educaci´on a Distancia (Spain)
2Polythecnic of Oporto,
CEOS.PP (Portugal)
Language, Data and Knowledge 2017
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1 Rationale
2 Methodology
3 Concepts Standardization
4 Conclusion
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Table of Contents
1 Rationale
2 Methodology
3 Concepts Standardization
4 Conclusion
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Occidental Literature
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However...
• Diversity of paradigm
• Fragmentary access to poetic resources
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Consequences
• Hindrance to research
• Partiality of methods (and results)
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Proposal
Our paradigm: Linked Open Data
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Table of Contents
1 Rationale
2 Methodology
3 Concepts Standardization
4 Conclusion
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Importance of data modeling
• (Effective) semantic interoperability
• Data needs of the community are met
• Relevance of a method
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Main task
• Defining a Metadata Application Profile (MAP) for
European Poetry
• MAP: a semantic model in the context of LOD
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The method
• Method for the development of Metadata Application
Profiles (Me4MAP) [1]
• Second milestone of Me4MAP: to define a Domain Model
• Domain Model: a model that presents the concepts of
the context (we want to capture) and its relations
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Starting Point
• Repertoires of European Poetry and Poetry Metrics
• Data models
• Functionalities of the Websites (GUI of the repertoires)
• Report of data needs of the community
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Tasks
• Analysis of the data model of a representative sample of
EP databases
• Analysis of a survey addressed to the final users of the
repertoires in order to understand the data needs of the
users of poetry databases.
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Analysis of data model
• Analysis of the file sent by each partner with the
structure of the database (SQL dump, XML schema files,
Excel file with sample data)
• Study of the structure of the database
• Identification of every concept of the database, as well as
the properties that characterize that concept
• Identification of the relationships between concepts
• concept, properties, relations = Concept
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Sequence of actions of a Concept analysis process
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The tension between semantics and interoperability
• Level of abstraction tends to increase (and names are
changed retroactively)
• Semantics may be lost in favor of interoperability gain
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Table of Contents
1 Rationale
2 Methodology
3 Concepts Standardization
4 Conclusion
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18. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Starting point: analysis of related “standards”
• Metadata schema: Dublin Core Metadata Terms [2]
• Conceptual model: FRBR [3]
• Mark-up vocabulary: TEI [4]
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Criteria
• Lingua franca
• Neutrality of the term
• Semantic efficiency
• Acceptance by the community
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Lingua franca
Lingua franca
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Lingua franca
Issues
• Multi-linguistic data
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Lingua franca
Metrical line in a poetic composition
PT verso
CA vers
RU cтих
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Lingua franca
verse [5]
Definition:
1 A single metrical line in a poetic composition; one line of
poetry.
2 A division of a metrical composition, such as a stanza of
a poem or hymn.
3 A poem.
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Lingua franca
Issues
• Multi-linguistic data
• Diachronic corpora
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25. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Lingua franca
Group of lines forming the basic metrical unit of a poem
PT - med cobra
PT - mod estrofe
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26. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Lingua franca
Issues
• Multi-linguistic data
• Diachronic corpora
• Different philological traditions
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Lingua franca
Diaeresis
di´er`ese Prononciation en deux syllabes d’une s´equence qui
comporte deux sons formant habituellement une
seule syllabe [6]
dieresis A pause in a line of verse occurring when the end of
a foot coincides with the end of a word [7]
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Lingua franca
Lingua franca
• English term
• Most prevalent
• Less ambiguous
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Neutrality
Neutrality
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Neutrality
Issues
• Same term in different technical vocabularies
• Different terms depending on the theoretical background
for similar concepts
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31. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Neutrality
Recording of variants
• Critical apparatus
• Apparatus criticus
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32. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Neutrality
Recording of variants
• Critical apparatus
• Apparatus criticus
• Apparatus
Interoperability in the European Poetry Bermudez-Sabel, Curado Malta & Gonz´alez-Blanco

33. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Neutrality
Neutrality
• Avoidance of marked terms
Interoperability in the European Poetry Bermudez-Sabel, Curado Malta & Gonz´alez-Blanco

34. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Semantic efficiency
Semantic efficiency
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35. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Semantic efficiency
Issues
• Data modeling made for the specific needs of each project
• Except for the ones that used “standards”, interoperability
was not considered
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36. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Semantic efficiency
Types of modeling [8]
egoistic modeling to express specific research ideas in cases
where data is being created to support
the creator’s own research needs
altruistic modeling to serve as an interchange format for
some types of users and user
communities where data is typically
being created and modeled with
someone else’s needs in mind
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37. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Semantic efficiency
Depending of the prosodic tradition
• we count syllables
• we discern the distribution of stresses
• we analyse the length of the syllables
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38. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Semantic efficiency
Semantic efficiency
metrical scheme
syllabicMetricalScheme accentualMetricalScheme
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39. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Semantic efficiency
Semantic efficiency
• Evaluation of which concepts should be integrated
• Evaluation of which concepts should be merged
• Evaluation of which concepts should be distinguished
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40. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Validity check
Validity check
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41. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Validity check
Issues
• We might create a rigorous model from a semantic and
philological point of view, but lack the acceptance of the
community [9]
• The conceptualization of certain elements might be
perceived as “intrusive”
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42. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Validity check
di ´er `ese −→ hiatus
(The separate pronunciation of the two vowels in a diphthong for
the sake of meter)
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43. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Validity check
Validity check
• Validation activities planned in the method
• Presentation and discussion of the model with delegates
from the community
• Fluid contact with delegates: ask for their input in issues
that could be “conflictive”
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44. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Table of Contents
1 Rationale
2 Methodology
3 Concepts Standardization
4 Conclusion
Interoperability in the European Poetry Bermudez-Sabel, Curado Malta & Gonz´alez-Blanco

45. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Where we are
• We presented the first draft of the Domain Model (v.0.1)
• In response to discussion, we created the second version
(v.0.2)
• We are now adding more databases to the analysis, the
analysis of the report, and currently working on v.0.3
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46. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Map of the repertoires
V. 0.1
V. 0.2
2nd validation
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47. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Future work
• Once we have a stable Domain Model we will match each
Concept with a term of a RDF vocabulary
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48. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Future work
• Once we have a stable Domain Model we will match each
Concept with a term of a RDF vocabulary
• We will define constraints to the Concepts
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49. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Future work
• Once we have a stable Domain Model we will match each
Concept with a term of a RDF vocabulary
• We will define constraints to the Concepts
• Validate the semantic model
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50. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Future work
• Once we have a stable Domain Model we will match each
Concept with a term of a RDF vocabulary
• We will define constraints to the Concepts
• Validate the semantic model
• Encode the semantic model
Interoperability in the European Poetry Bermudez-Sabel, Curado Malta & Gonz´alez-Blanco

51. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Future work
• Once we have a stable Domain Model we will match each
Concept with a term of a RDF vocabulary
• We will define constraints to the Concepts
• Validate the semantic model
• Encode the semantic model
• Report on how to enrich the repertoires’ data with links
to existent resources
Interoperability in the European Poetry Bermudez-Sabel, Curado Malta & Gonz´alez-Blanco

52. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
Future work
• Once we have a stable Domain Model we will match each
Concept with a term of a RDF vocabulary
• We will define constraints to the Concepts
• Validate the semantic model
• Encode the semantic model
• Report on how to enrich the repertoires’ data with links
to existent resources
• Develop documentation: Manuals, HowTos, Use Case
examples
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53. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
References I
[1] Mariana Curado Malta and Ana Alice Baptista. Me4MAP
V1.0: A method for the development of metadata
application profiles. Submitted for publication.
[2] DCMI Usage Board. DCMI Metadata Terms, 2012. URL
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/.
[3] IFLA. Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records,
2009. URL http://archive.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/
frbr_current_toc.htm.
[4] TEI Consortium. TEI P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text
Encoding and Interchange, volume Version 3.1.0. 2016.
URL http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/
tei-p5-doc/en/html/SG.html.
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References II
[5] verse. In American Heritage® Dictionary of the English
Language, Fifth Edition. 2011. URL
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/verse.
[6] di´er`ese. In Larousse. Dictionnaire de Fran¸cais. 2017. URL
http://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais.
[7] dieresis. In American Heritage® Dictionary of the English
Language, Fifth Edition. 2011. URL
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/verse.
[8] Fotis Jannidis and Julia Flanders. A concept of data
modeling for the humanities. In Digital Humanities 2013:
Conference Abstracts, pages 237–39, Lincoln, 2013.
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities. URL http:
//dh2013.unl.edu/schedule-and-events/program/.
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55. Rationale Methodology Concepts Standardization Conclusion References
References III
[9] F. D. Davis. A technology acceptance model for
empirically testing new end-user information systems:
Theory and results. PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 1985.
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Thank you for your attention
Helena Berm´udez Sabel
helena.bermudez@linhd.uned.es
Mariana Curado Malta
mariana@iscap.ipp.pt
Elena Gonz´alez-Blanco
egonzalezblanco@flog.uned.es
Interoperability in the European Poetry Bermudez-Sabel, Curado Malta & Gonz´alez-Blanco