Introduction to Orthodontics Fifth Year

1. Unfavorable Sequelae of
Malocclusion

2. 1.
Unfavorable psychological and social
behaviour:
Children often become introvertive, or
overassertive unfavorable psychological
effects tend to accompany speech defects
that are attributable to dental
malocclusions.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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3. 2. Poor appearance:
Any departure from the usual or normal
attracts attention. For children this often
means ridicule.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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4. 3. Interference with normal growth &
development:
A frequent result of prolonged thumb
sucking habit with associated perioral
muscle malfunction, is a posterior
crossbite.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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5. 4. Improper or abnormal muscle function:
Hereditary basal malrelationship, requires
certain adaptive or compensatory muscle
responses. Correction of malocclusion
eliminates the abnormal lip, tongue, and
buccal muscle activity.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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6. 5. Improper deglutition:
Abnormal swallowing is associated with
abnormal muscle function.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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7. 6. Mouth breathing:
a. Increased respiratory involvement (ear,
nose, throat disorders).
b. Enlarged tonsils and adenoids.
c. Enlarged turbinate.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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8. 7. Improper mastication:
a. Disability to chew properly is a result of
malocclusion. Missing or malposed teeth
on one side are sufficient reasons for
improper mastication.
b. Possible nutritional deficiency.
c. Increased workload on digestive tract.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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9. 8. Speech defects:
It has been recognized dental malocclusion
serve as a factor in speech defects. The
effects on speech may be both:
Direct by mechanical difficulties, &
Indirect, bec. of the influence on physical
and mental health of the individual.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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10. 9. Dental caries and malocclusion:
a. Increased caries incidence
b. Oral hygiene is more difficult to perform,
particularly for children.
c. Dental caries leads to loss of arch length.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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11. 10. Predilection to periodontal diseases:
a. Increased incidence of periodontal diseases,
bec. Of poor oral hygiene.
b. Poor contacts, spaces and tipped teeth permit
food impaction.
c. Lack of proper massage and natural
stimulation.
d. Abnormal axial inclination, abnormal stresses,
due to functional prematurities.
All these factors react to accelerate earlier loss of
teeth.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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12. 11. Temporomandibular joint disorder:
Tooth guidance, abnormal muscle
function, overclosure or bruxism may
cause clicking, crepitus, pain, limited
motion and trismus.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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13. 12. Predilection to accidents:
Damage of maxillary incisors (fractured,
devitalized, or lost) as a result of protruded
and relatively unprotected status specially
in Class II, div. 1 malocclusion.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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14. 13. Impacted and unerupted teeth:
a. Premature loss and prolonged retention of
decid. Teeth may interfere with eruption of
their permanent successors or neighbors.
b. Partially impacted teeth may damage
contiguous teeth by resorbing part or all of
their roots.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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15. 14. Complications in prosthetic
rehabilitation:
Malocclusion, with usual characteristics of
rotated or tipped teeth, poor contacts, elongation
into opposing edentulous areas, and space
problems can create obstacles for dentist, to
render a satisfactory prosthetic service, specially
if Orthodontist is unavailable.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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16. 14. Complications in prosthetic rehabilitation:
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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17. Cephalometric Tracing Steps
Step 1: Trace Porion (Po) and Orbitale (Or).
Step 2: Trace Pterygomaxillary Fissure (Ptm) and
Nasion (N).
Step 3: Trace Cranial Base.
Step 4: Trace Mandible.
Step 5: Trace Maxilla.
Step 6: Trace Dentition.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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18. May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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19. May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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20. SNA
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Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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21. SNB
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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22. ANB
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Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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23. 1 To N A
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Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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24. _
1 To N B
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Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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25. _
1-1
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Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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26. Mandibular plane to Sella-Nasion plane
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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27. May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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28. May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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29. Cephalometric Analysis
NO.
MEASUREMENTS
INITIATIAL
PROGRESS
FINAL
MEAN
S-N-A
82 o
S-N-B
80 o
A-N-B
2o
S-N-Pg
80 o
Facial Angle(FH-NPog)
87 o
Angle of Convexity(N-A-Pog)
4o
Gonial Angle
124 o
Cranial base angle
132 o
SN to Mand Pl.
32 o
SN to Pal Pl.
9o
Pal. Pl. to Mand Pl.
23 o
Skeletal
May 22, 2012
FH Pl. to Mand Pl.
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
25 o
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30. 130 O
_
1 TO 1
_
1 to Mand. Pl.
_
1 to FH Pl.
_
1 to N-B Angle
25 o
4 mm.
1 to N-A Angle
22 o
1 to N-A mm.
4 mm.
1 to FH Pl.
May 22, 2012
65 o
_
1 to N-B mm.
DENTAL
90 o
112 o
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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31. UL-E PLANE
May 22, 2012
LL-E Plane
-2 mm.
NL Angle
SOFT TISSUE
-4 MM.
90-110 o
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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32. Case Selection Criteria

Simple Class I malocclusion in late mixed
dentition stage with:
- Proclined spaced incisors. OR
- Single tooth in cross bite.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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33. The Wise Way …
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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34. If you are successful, you will
win some false friends and
some true enemies;
Succeed anyway.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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35. If you are kind,
people may accuse
you of selfish,
ulterior motives;
May 22, 2012
Be kind anyway.
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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36. The good you do today,
people will often forget
tomorrow;
Do good anyway.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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37. You see, in the final analysis,
it is all between you and God;
It was never between you
and them anyway.
May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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38. May 22, 2012
Dr. Ahmed Basyouni
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