The document discusses using traffic simulation to evaluate the effects of vehicle-based intelligent transport systems (ITS). It describes how traditional traffic simulation can be used to study the impacts of traffic management and road infrastructure on traffic flow. Traffic simulation for evaluating vehicle-based ITS requires more detailed driver and vehicle models that account for changes in behavior from new ITS functionality. The document presents a case study using a traffic simulation model called RuTSim to analyze the effects of rumble strips and driver fatigue on two-lane highways. It also discusses using simulation to study the impacts of adaptive cruise control systems on traffic flow patterns and vehicle trajectories.