PHED 2022- Invitation to Health: Live It Now! Brief 9e

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An Invitation to Health: Building Your Future, Brief Edition, 9e
Dianne Hales
Sexual Health
8

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After reading this chapter, the student
should be able to:
• Analyze the links between the dimensions
of health and sexuality
• Describe women’s sexual health and
female sexual anatomy in detail
• Discuss men’s sexual health and male
sexual anatomy in detail
Objectives

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• Review the characteristics of healthy,
responsible sexual relationships
• Categorize types of premarital sexual
relationships
• Discuss sexual diversity in human beings
• Define the major types of sexual activity in
which human beings engage
Objectives (cont’d.)

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• Outline the stages of sexual response in
men and women
• Identify the characteristics and risk factors
of sexually transmitted diseases
• Describe the fundamentals of
safeguarding your sexual health
• Discuss the nature, incidence, signs and
symptoms, and diagnosis and treatments
of common STIs
Objectives (cont’d.)

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• Involves a positive and respectful
approach
– Free from coercion or violence
• Sexual health of emerging adults (18-25)
– At greater risk than rest of the population
– Greater likelihood of STIs
• Sexuality affects various dimensions of
health
– Physical, emotional, social, and more
Sexual Health

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• Recommendations
– Regular heath maintenance exams
– Contraceptive counseling for those not
wishing to become pregnant
– Pre-pregnancy counseling for those wishing
to conceive
– Screening for chlamydia for age 24 or
younger
– Cervical cancer and HIV screening
Women’s Sexual Health

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8. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Monthly cycle associated with ovulation,
potential conception, and menstruation
• Hormones stimulate growth of immature
eggs stored in follicles
• Ovulation triggered at mid-cycle
– Egg cell (ova) released
• If ova not fertilized, menstruation occurs
– Uterine lining discharged during a period
The Menstrual Cycle

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• Some symptoms of PMS
– Irritability
– Anxiety and difficulty concentrating
– Headache
– Water retention and breast tenderness
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
– Regular symptoms of depression and physical
symptoms during last week of cycle
Premenstrual Syndrome

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• Sperm
– Male reproductive cells
– Stored in the epididymis
– Transported outside the body by ejaculation
• Circumcision
– Removal of the foreskin on the penis
– May be done for religious or health reasons
Men’s Sexual Health

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13. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Characteristics of a healthy sexual
relationship
– Consensual
– Nonexploitative
– Honest
– Mutually pleasurable
– Protected against unintended pregnancy and
STIs
Responsible Sexuality

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• Monogamous sex
– Important to have understanding between
both partners as to whether sexual
relationship will be monogamous
• Important discussions to have with partner
– Sexual history
• Includes number of partners and STIs
– Method of birth control to be used
Making Sexual Decisions

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• In past 40 years, premarital sex has
become common in young adults
– More socially acceptable in the context of a
relationship
• Hooking up
– Casual sex without commitment or intimacy
• Friends with benefits
– Varied sexual behaviors between friends
• Romantic relationships
Sexual Behavior

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• Average American adult reports having
sex once a week
• Married couples
– About 58 times per year
• Americans who have attended graduate
school
– Among least sexually active population
segments
Sex in America

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• Heterosexuals
– Attracted to the opposite sex
• Homosexuals
– Prefer partners of their own sex
– Often referred to as gays and lesbians
• Bisexuality
– Sexual attraction to both males and females
• Transgender individuals identify with a sex
other than their birth sex
Sexual Diversity

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• Celibacy
– May or may not include masturbation
• Abstinence
– About 2.5 million teens have pledged to
abstain from sex
• Fantasy
– Can be pleasurable by itself
– Men’s and women’s fantasies differ
Sexual Activity

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• Masturbation
– Men generally see as normal and healthy
– Women may struggle with stigma and taboo
• Nonpenetrative sexual activity
(outercourse)
– Kissing, touching, and stimulating erogenous
regions
• Vaginal intercourse
– Preferred form for most heterosexual couples
Sexual Activity (cont’d.)

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• Oral sex
– Condom should be used to prevent infection
• Anal stimulation
– Anus can produce intense erotic responses
• Anal intercourse
– Penetration of anus by the penis
Types of Sexual Activity (cont’d.)

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• Excitement
– Rush of blood to genitals causes erection in
men
– Vaginal lubrication in women
• Plateau
– Penis increases in length and diameter
– Vagina swells
• Orgasm
– Three to twelve pelvic muscle contractions
Sexual Response

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• Ejaculation
– Discharge of semen by a male
• Female orgasm results from stimulating
the clitoris
• Resolution
– Sexual organs return to normal state
• Refractory period
– Time period during which males are incapable
of another orgasm
Sexual Response (cont’d.)

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• Term STI is replacing STD
– Many infected people do not show symptoms
• Estimated 65 million Americans have an
STI
– Transmitted mainly through direct sexual
contact
Sexually Transmitted Infections and
Diseases

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• A is for “Abstain”
– STIs can be transmitted through oral sex
• B is for “Be faithful”
– No risk for STI if neither partner has had sex
with anyone else
• C is for “Condoms”
– Check expiration date
• Both men and women can get STIs
– Risk for women is greater
The ABCs of Safer Sex

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• Human papillomavirus (HPV)
– Most common STI
– Vaccination exists
• Genital herpes
– HSV-1 causes cold sores around the mouth
– HSV-2 is sexually transmitted
• Chlamydia
– Most widespread sexually transmitted
bacterium in the U.S.
Common STIs

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• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
– A complication of an STI
• Gonorrhea
– Causes yellow-white pus discharge from the
penis
• Non-gonococcal urethritis
– Inflammation of the urethra
• Syphilis
• HIV/AIDS
More Common STIs