2. “The Fire Triangle”- The
three elements must be
combined in the right
proportions for a fire to
occur. If any of the three
elements are removed, the
fire is extinguished.
3.
4. The first element in the fire triangle is
heat, which is perhaps the most
essential of fire elements. A fire
cannot ignite unless it has a certain
amount of heat, and it cannot grow
without heat either.
5. One of the first things firefighters do to
extinguish a fire is to apply a cooling agent —
usually water. Another cooling agent is a
chemical fire retardant, such as the ones
used in fire extinguishers.
Another method of diffusing heat from a fire is
to scrape the embers from the fire source,
such as wood embers on a burning building.
Firefighters will also turn off the electricity in a
burning building to remove a source of heat.
6. The second element in the fire triangle is fuel. A
fire needs a fuel source in order to burn. The
fuel source can be anything that is flammable,
such as wood, paper, fabric, or chemicals. Once
the fuel element of the fire triangle is removed,
the fire will go out.
7.
8. The final element of the fire triangle is oxygen, which is
also an essential component of fire. A fire needs oxygen
to start and continue. That is why one recommendation
for extinguishing a small fire is to smother it with a non-
flammable blanket, sand or dirt.
A decrease in the concentration of oxygen retards the
combustion process. In large fires where firefighters are
called in, decreasing the amount of oxygen is not usually
an option because there is no effective way to make that
happen in an extended area.
9. • Enough Oxygen to sustain
combustion
• Enough Heat to raise the material
to its ignition temperature
• some sort of fuel or combustible
material
11. Candles look and smell pretty, but if left
unattended they can cause a room to easily
burst into flames.
12. Kids can cause a fire out of curiosity, to see
what would happen if they set fire to an object.
Keep any matches or lighters out of reach of
children, to avoid any curiosity turned disaster.
13. An electrical appliance, such as a toaster can
start a fire if it is faulty or has a frayed cord. A
power point that is overloaded with double
adapter plugs can cause a fire from an overuse
of electricity.
15. Fire safety measures should be an integral part
of every family’s overall risk management plan.
A proper fire prevention plan coupled with a
comprehensive plan on how to respond to
actual fire accidents is vital to saving lives.
16. Get a fire alarm system – Installing an intelligent fire alarm
system that can warn you immediately of a fire incident
before it becomes too large is the first step in fire safety. If
possible, get an alarm system that is connected to a
monitoring center, whose safety personnel can alert the fire
department right away in case a fire takes place in your
home.
Install fire extinguishers and fire blankets – Everyone in
the family who is capable of using fire extinguishers and fire
blankets should familiarize themselves with how to operate
them.
17. Appliances and power sources – Treat heat-producing
appliances like stoves, portable heaters, clothes dryers,
ovens, and grills with care. Regularly check electrical
leads, outlets, and other power equipment for any signs of
damage, and remember never to overload them.
Practice safe cooking – Never leave a cooker
unattended, especially if you are deep frying using a cook-
top cooking range. If a grease fire occurs, simply cover
the pan or pot with a metal pan lid or a cookie sheet to
deprive the fire of oxygen. Never carry a burning pan to
the sink to extinguish it with water. Not only could you
splash the hot grease on yourself or on someone else, the
grease fire will also spread in a ferocious fireball as the
water evaporates.
18. Stop, drop, and roll – If ever your clothing catches on
fire, you should stop, drop, and roll to extinguish the
flames. While doing so, cover your face to prevent the
likelihood of facial injuries.
19. Response Procedures during Fire incidents:
1.Crawl If There's Smoke
2. Feel Doors Before Opening
3. Go To The Nearest Exit
4. Always Use An Exit Stair, Not An Elevator
5. Close Doors
6. Use a fire extinguisher if the fire is very small and you
know how to use it safely
7. If you are on fire - Stop, Drop and Roll
8. If You Get Trapped :
1. Close the door
2. Seal cracks
3. Open the windows if safe
4. Signal for help and phone 911
5. Don't jump; the fire department will reach you
20. Fire emergency and evacuation plan:
When the fire alarm sounds, take the following action.
1. Evacuate immediately at the closest exit.
2. When leaving the building, close all windows and
doors. This will stop the spread of fire.
3. If you encounter smoke, drop down to the floor and
stay low until you reach the exit.
21. 4. When evacuating the building, always use the stairs,
never use the elevator, because power could be lost,
trapping you on the floor of the fire.
5. If Physically Impaired, know your places of refuge.
Please list places of refuge for Physically Impaired
personnel.
6. Meet at designated assembly area, which should be at
least 50 feet from building. Please fill in designated
assembly area.
