1. Cairn.info
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Cairn.info
Open Access and publishing activities
in the Humanities and Social Sciences
The need for a balance approach
ALPSP – Tuesday 20 November 2012

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Cairn.info – General information (1/2)
v An initiative launched in 2005 by …
ü French (La Découverte, Belin, Erès) and Belgian (De Boeck) publishers
ü Belgian institutionnal investors
ü With the support of the French national Library (BnF)
v … to propose a balanced approach between :
ü Publishers & librarians’ needs
ü Private & Public investors
ü Belgian & French actors

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Cairn.info – General information (2/2)
v A plaform : www.cairn.info ;
v gathering journals (350) and eBook (3.000) ;
v in humanities and social sciences, in French language ;
v from around 100 public / not-for-profit (60%) and private
(40%) publishing structures ;
v focused on current publications, generally from 2001 on,
without any embargo period.

4. Cairn.info
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Cairn.info – Access model
v Each publishing structure working with Cairn, be it private or public,
is invited to choose between two models:
ü to propose all issues proposed on Cairn.info for free, generally those
from 2001 until the most current ones, without any embargo period
ü to implement an hybrid model, where issues exceeding the moving wall
defined by each journal are proposed for free, as well as metadata and
editorials, and most current issues are commercialized pay-per-view and
through institutional licensing

5. Cairn.info
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Cairn.info – Access model
v Each publishing structure working with Cairn, be it private or public,
is invited to choose between two models:
ü to propose all issues proposed on Cairn.info for free, generally those
from 2001 until the most current ones, without any embargo period
ü to implement an hybrid model, where issues exceeding the moving wall
defined by each journal are proposed for free, as well as metadata and
editorials, and most current issues are commercialized pay-per-view and
through institutional licensing
19 journals in 2013 (5 %)

6. Cairn.info
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Cairn.info – Access model
v Each publishing structure working with Cairn, be it private or public,
is invited to choose between two models:
ü to propose all issues proposed on Cairn.info for free, generally those
from 2001 until the most current ones, without any embargo period
ü to implement an hybrid model, where issues exceeding the moving wall
defined by each journal are proposed for free, as well as metadata and
editorials, and most current issues are commercialized pay-per-view and
through institutional licensing
19 journals in 2013 (5 %)
348 journals in 2013 (95 %)

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2 years : 3,1 %
3 years : 35,1 %
4 years : 37,1 %
5 years or more : 24,7 %
(Average moving wall : 3,7 years)
2000
2008
2012
Journals / Publishers’ choices

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A paradox ?
1. Independence
2. Economic considerations
ü a one-way road
ü no guaranty regarding public funding sustainablility
3. Potential « side-effects » for other categories of publications

9. Cairn.info
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Collective
works of
research in
HSS
Research
books in HSS
Essays
General
interest
journals
Peer-review
journals in
HSS
A paradox ?

10. Cairn.info
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Collective
works of
research in
HSS (5 M€)
Research
books in HSS
(60 M€)
Essays
(111 M€)
General
interest
journals
(5 M€)
Peer-review
journals in
HSS (17 M€)
A paradox ?
French Publishers - Source : SNE/DEPS – 2011

11. Cairn.info
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Collective
works of
research in
HSS (5 M€)
Research
books in HSS
(60 M€)
Essays
(111 M€)
General
interest
journals
(5 M€)
Peer-review
journals in
HSS (17 M€)
A paradox ?
French Publishers - Source : SNE/DEPS – 2011
Average annual
income of a journal in
HSS : 8.500 €

12. Cairn.info
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Open Access : does one size fits all ?

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Articles life cycle in humanities and social sciences
Pay-per-view breakdown on Cairn.info (S1 2012)
0,00%$
10,00%$
20,00%$
30,00%$
40,00%$
t*1$ t*2$ t*3$ t*4$ t*5$ t*6$ t*7$ t*8$ t*9$ t*10$
37,71%$
23,35%$
12,88%$
9,65%$
6,55%$
3,24%$
1,89%$ 1,47%$ 0,89%$ 0,54%$

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0,00%$
10,00%$
20,00%$
30,00%$
40,00%$
t*1$ t*2$ t*3$ t*4$ t*5$ t*6$ t*7$ t*8$ t*9$ t*10$
37,71%$
23,35%$
12,88%$
9,65%$
6,55%$
3,24%$
1,89%$ 1,47%$ 0,89%$ 0,54%$
Articles life cycle in humanities and social sciences
Pay-per-view breakdown on Cairn.info (S1 2012)
62 % of pay-per-view realized for articles
published later than 12 months

15. Cairn.info
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Articles life cycle in humanities and social sciences
Consultations in institutions accessing Cairn.info (S1 2012)
0,00%$
5,00%$
10,00%$
15,00%$
20,00%$
t)1$ t)2$ t)3$ t)4$ t)5$ t)6$ t)7$ t)8$ t)9$ t)10$
17,90%$
13,55%$
12,08%$
9,51%$ 9,50%$
8,24%$ 7,78%$ 7,43%$ 7,30%$ 6,72%$

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0,00%$
5,00%$
10,00%$
15,00%$
20,00%$
t)1$ t)2$ t)3$ t)4$ t)5$ t)6$ t)7$ t)8$ t)9$ t)10$
17,90%$
13,55%$
12,08%$
9,51%$ 9,50%$
8,24%$ 7,78%$ 7,43%$ 7,30%$ 6,72%$
Articles life cycle in humanities and social sciences
Consultations in institutions accessing Cairn.info (S1 2012)
Articles published during the last 12 months
= 18 % of interest in subscribing institutions

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0,00%$
5,00%$
10,00%$
15,00%$
20,00%$
t)1$ t)2$ t)3$ t)4$ t)5$ t)6$ t)7$ t)8$ t)9$ t)10$
17,90%$
13,55%$
12,08%$
9,51%$ 9,50%$
8,24%$ 7,78%$ 7,43%$ 7,30%$ 6,72%$
Articles life cycle in humanities and social sciences
Consultations in institutions accessing Cairn.info (S1 2012)
Article « half-life » = 3,5 years

18. Cairn.info
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Articles life cycle in humanities and social sciences
Consultations in institutions accessing Cairn.info (S1 2012)
Weight of articles published during the last 3 years
Disciplines’ differences
30,00%%
35,00%%
40,00%%
45,00%%
50,00%%
55,00%%
60,00%%
General%
interest%
Economy% Poli8cal%
science%
History% Philosophy% Psychology% Sociology% Li?erature%
51,83%%
47,08%%
45,92%%
42,08%%
40,93%% 40,37%%
39,72%% 39,35%%

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0%#
10%#
20%#
30%#
40%#
50%#
60%#
70%#
80%#
90%#
Articles life cycle in humanities and social sciences
Consultations in institutions accessing Cairn.info (S1 2012)
Weight of articles published during the last 3 years
Journals’ differences

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0%#
10%#
20%#
30%#
40%#
50%#
60%#
70%#
80%#
90%#
Articles life cycle in humanities and social sciences
Consultations in institutions accessing Cairn.info (S1 2012)
Weight of articles published during the last 3 years
Journals’ differences
84%
18%

21. Cairn.info
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Open Access in the humanities :
how to move forward ?

22. Cairn.info
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1. Avoid Open Excess
v Concerted reflection and actions among stakeholders
ü Current launch of a platform in partnership with CNRS, Heloise, to inform
authors of embargo periods defined by French publishers in HSS
ü On-going discussions between French stakeholders within GFII
ü Working group launched currently in Belgium, associating publishers and libraries,
to define a reasonable mandate policy in open repositories
v Define properly a « publicly funded research » transcribing the
European Commission recommandation into national law

23. Cairn.info
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Case 1 :
ü A Biologist working in a public University
ü Leading a research funded by European Union aiming at assessing the impact of a
pesticide on public health
ü Publishes an article exposing his results in a peer-review journal
Open Access can seem relevant, especially if some specific credits
have been dedicated in the research program to proceed to publication
What is a publicly funded research ?

24. Cairn.info
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What is a publicly funded research ?
Case 2 :
ü A Philosopher working in a public University
ü But also, from time to time, for specialized newspapers or as an essayist
ü Writes an article in a peer-review journal, based on several years of reflection
and discussions with his colleagues
ü And publishes a book on the same subject one year later
Open Access to what ? How ?

25. Cairn.info
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v Cairn’s « International Edition » :
ü An interface in English enabling non-French speaking scholars to discover
content of interest published in French HSS journals
ü Cairn’s abstracts evaluation (50.000) and reedition when needed (40 %)
ü Full translations of remarkable articles published in French journals (1.200 in
3 years), identified by journals’s editorial boards and scientific journalists
Launching during 2013 first semester
2. Bring new value to the chain

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3. Adapt models
v Some propositions on the table :
ü Freemium – ex: OpenEdition resarch program
ü Crowdfunding – ex: the Knowledge Unlatched pilot
ü eBooks as a core funding activity

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3. Adapt models
Research
eBook in HSS
Journals
Open repositories

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3. Adapt models
v Some propositions on the table :
ü Freemium – ex: OpenEdition resarch program
ü Crowdfunding – ex: the Knowledge Unlatched pilot
ü eBooks as a core funding activity
v But time, data, concertation and caution needed

29. Cairn.info
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thomas.parisot@cairn.info