An Arduino is an open-source microcontroller development board. In plain English, you can use the Arduino to read sensors and control things like motors and lights. This allows you to upload programs to this board which can then interact with things in the real world.

1. INTRODUCTION
THE ARDUINO
PRESENT BY THINGERBIT ELECTRONICS
WWW.THINGERBITS.COM

2. What is a
Microcontroller?
Computer on a single integrated chip
● Processor (CPU)
● Memory (RAM / ROM / Flash)
● I/O ports (USB, I2C, SPI, ADC)
Used in:
Common microcontroller families:
● Intel: 4004, 8008, etc.
● Atmel: AT and AVR
● Microchip: PIC
● ARM: (multiple manufacturers)
● Cellphones
● Toys
● Household appliances
● Cars
● Cameras

3. The ATmega328P
Microcontroller
AVR 8-bit RISC architecture
Up to 20 MHz clock
Available in DIP package
32kB flash memory
1 kB SRAM
23 programmable I/O channels
Six 10-bit ADC inputs
Three timers/counters
Six PWM outputs

4. What is Arduino Not?
❏ It is not a chip (IC)
❏ It is not a board (PCB)
❏ It is not a company or a manufacturer
❏ It is not a programming language
❏ It is not a computer architecture
(although it involves all of these things...)

5. So what is Arduino?
Founded by Massimo Banzi and David Cuartielles in 2005
Open-source hardware platform
Based on “Wiring Platform”, which dates to 2003
● Easy-to learn language and libraries (based on Wiring
language)
● Integrated development environment (based on Processing
programming environment)
● Available for Windows / Mac / Linux
It’s a movement, not a microcontroller:
Open source development environment

6. The Many Flavors
of Arduino
● Arduino Uno
● Arduino Leonardo
● Arduino LilyPad
● Arduino Mega
● Arduino Nano
● Arduino Mini
● Arduino Mini Pro
● Arduino BT

7. Arduino-like
Systems
● BBC Micro:bit (ARM)
● NodeMCU (ARM)
● Teensy(ARM)
● BeagleBoard (Linux)
● STM32 Discovery
● magicblocks

8. Arduino Add-ons (Shields)
TFT Touch Screen
Motor/Servo shield
Data logger
Ethernet shield
Audio wave shield
WiFi shield
Cellular/GSM shield
Proto-shield
many more…...

9. Where to Get an Arduino Board
Purchase from online
vendor (available
Sri Lanka)

10. Getting to know the Arduino
◆ Digital I/O ports is used to connect to other components
or modules, to receive an input signal, or to send a control
signal. Usually, we name it by adding a "D" in front of the
number, such as D13.
◆ USB interface is used to provide power, upload code or
communicate with PC.
◆ LED L is connected to digital I/O port 13 (D13).
◆ LED TX, RX is used to indicate the state of the serial
communication.
◆ DC interface is connected DC power to provide power for
the board.
◆ Power ports can provide power for electronic components
and modules.
◆ Analog I/O ports can be used to measure analog signals.
◆ LED ON is used to indicate the power state.

11. ARDUINO IDE
ONLINE IDE OFFLINE IDE

12. Download and Install
Download Arduino compiler and development environment
from: http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
Before running Arduino, plug in your board using USB cable
(external power is not necessary)
Current version: 1.6.8
● Windows
● MacOX
● Linux
Open source development environment

13. Select your Board
You have to select the arduino
board type in your IDE. I am using
an Arduino Uno board. To choose
the board, find Tools on menu bar.
Choose the option “Board” – and
select your correct arduino board

14. Select Serial Port
The port number is assigned while
installing the hardware driver of
board. You may refer the tutorial on
Installing Arduino on Windows to
know how to find the port number of
board. You can find the port number
by accessing device manager on
Windows. See the section Port (COM
& LPT) and look for an open port
named “Arduino Uno (COMxx)“. If you
are using a different board, you will
find a name accordingly. What
matters is the xx in COMxx part. In my
case, its COM5. So my port number is
5. To select the right port, go to
Tools–> Serial Port and select the
port number.

15. Elements of the Arduino IDE
• Text editor
– syntax and keyword
coloring
– automatic indentation
– programming shortcuts
• Compiler
• Hardware Interface
– Uploading programs
– Communicating with
Arduino via USB

16. Using the Arduino IDE
1. Verify: Compiles and approves your code. It will catch errors in
syntax (like missing semicolons or parentheses).
2. Upload: Sends your code to the 101 board.
3. New: This buttons opens up a new code window tab.
4. Open: This button will let you open up an existing sketch.
5. Save: This saves the currently active sketch.
6. Serial Monitor: This will open a window that displays any serial
information your 101 board is transmitting. It is very useful for
debugging.
7. Sketch Name: This shows the name of the sketch you are currently
working on.
8. Code Area: This is the area where you compose the code for your
sketch.
9. Message Area: This is where the IDE tells you if there were any
errors in your code.
10. Text Console: The text console shows complete error messages.
When debugging, the text console is very useful.
11. Board and Serial Port: Shows you what board and the serial port
selections.

17. Arduino Reference

18. Arduino Sketch Structure
void setup()
● Will be executed repeatedly
void loop()
● Will be executed only when the program
begins (or reset button is pressed)

19. Activity 1: LED Blink
Load the “Blink” example (File>Examples>Basics>Blink)
Compile, then upload the program
Congratulations! you are now blinkers!

20. Now connect your own LED
Resistor is needed to limit current
Pin 13 is special: has built-in
resistor and LED
Resistor and LED may be
interchanged
(but polarity of LED is important)
Change program and upload

21. Experimenting
Change the blink rate
– how fast can the LED blink (before you can no longer perceive the blinking?)
– (...without changing the resistor?)
How would you make the LED dimmer?

22. Summary
Introduction to Arduino
❖ About of Arduino
❖ History of Arduino
❖ Arduino Board
❖ Arduino Software
➢ How to Use Online Arduino IDE
➢ Install Arduino Offline IDE - Windows
➢ Download Arduino IDE
➢ Arduino Online IDE
❖ First Use
❖ Blink Program Code
❖ Pinout Diagram - Arduino Uno

23. What’s Next?
Chapter 1 - LED Blink
● Project 1.1 - Control LED by Manual Button
● Circuit Knowledge
1. Power supply
2. Voltage
3. Current (I)
4. Resistor
● Component knowledge
1. Jumper
2. Breadboard
3. Push button
4. LED
● Circuit
● Project 1.2 Control LED by Arduino
● Circuit knowledge
1. Analog signal & Digital signal
2. Low level & high level
● Code knowledge
1. Comments
2. Data type
3. Constant
4. Variable
5. Function
● Circuit
● Sketch