2. Nebular Theory How the Solar System formed!!

3. A star that explodes is said to have gone SUPERNOVA . It produces a lot of ejected matter. We will study more about them in the next chapter!

4. A nebula is the cloud of gas and dust that remains after a supernova event.

5. Horsehead Nebula in the Constellation Orion NASA

6. Planetary Nebula NASA

7. Formation of the Solar System

8. Shock wave from space started gravitational forces to spin and collapse the material found in the nebula. Most of the material fell to the center forming the sun (99% of the System’s mass).

9. Planets closest to the sun lost their low mass gases ( H and He) due to the heat from the sun. These are the inner or terrestrial planets. NASA

11. Planets further from the sun kept their light gases and formed the gas giants with small rocky cores. NASA

12. Look at Pluto’s orbit. This is one reason it is not considered a planet.

13. Check out Pluto’s orbit!!!

14. Gas giants http://www.windows.ucar.edu/

15. Scale of sun and planets NASA

16. Outer atmosphere Middle atmosphere Gives sun its color “ Surface” emits light NASA Video clip of fusion in the sun’s core

17. NASA

18. NASA

19. Sunspot animation NASA

20. NASA

21. Granules: convection from inside the sun causes the photosphere to be subdivided into 1000-2000km cells that look like rice grains or kernels of corn. photosphere NASA

22. Ultraviolet image of the sun NASA

23. X – ray image of the sun NASA

24. Solar prominence Solar flares Magnetic storms on the sun NASA

25. NASA

26. NASA

27. NASA

28. Corona – seen only during eclipse Video clip on the sun

29. Mercury

30. Extremely unpleasant place DISTANCE FROM SUN: 36 million miles (57.9 million kilometers). REVOLUTION AROUND SUN: 88 days. ROTATION: 59 days. DENSITY: 5.4 x that of water. MASS: 0.06 x that of earth SURFACE TEMPERATURE: 806°F (430°C) on day side,-297°F (-183°C) on night side. NASA

31. Close up pictures of Mercury look a lot like the moon! NASA

32. Very cratered like the moon. Too hot to have an atmosphere. NASA

33. Venus

34. DISTANCE FROM SUN: 67.2 million miles REVOLUTION AROUND SUN: 225 days. ROTATION: 243 days. DENSITY: 5.2 x that of water. MASS: 0.815 x that of Earth. SURFACE TEMPERATURE: 850°F NASA

35. Strange “pancake” volcanoes on Venus NASA

36. Surface features on Venus. NASA

37. Earth Goldilocks condition – being located at just the right distance from a star so that conditions are appropriate for life to exist.

38. Mars

39. DISTANCE FROM SUN: 141,525,900 miles REVOLUTION AROUND SUN: 687 days ROTATION: 24.6 hours DENSITY: 3.9 x that of water MASS: 0.1 x that of Earth SURFACE TEMPERATURE: variable, averages minus 85°F NASA

40. Volcanoes Valley deeper than the Grand Canyon . NASA

41. Signs of previous water on Mars NASA

42. NASA

43. NASA

44. Polar region containing frozen carbon dioxide and water. NASA

45. Largest volcano in the Solar System - Olympus Mons NASA

46. NASA

47. Surface of Mars NASA

48. NASA

49. NASA

50. Deimos Moons of Mars are “captured” asteroids. NASA

51. Phobos NASA

52. Asteroid Belt

53. Asteroid Ida and moon NASA

54. asteroid Gaspra Movie of close-up NASA

55. Jupiter

56. DISTANCE FROM SUN: 484 million miles REVOLUTION : 11.86 years. ROTATION: 9.9 hours. DENSITY: 1.3 x that of water. MASS: 318 x that of Earth. SURFACE TEMPERATURE: -236°F (-149°C) at cloud tops. NASA

57. Rings of Jupiter NASA

58. NASA

59. NASA

60. Movie of atmospheric movement NASA

61. Europa

62. Ganymede NASA

63. Io NASA

64. Callisto NASA

65. NASA

66. Saturn

67. DISTANCE FROM SUN: 887 million miles REVOLUTION AROUND SUN: 29.5 years. ROTATION: 10 hours, 14 minutes. DENSITY: 0.7 x that of water. MASS: 95 x that of Earth. SURFACE TEMPERATURE: -288°F (-178°C) at cloud tops. NASA

68. video of storm on Saturn NASA

69. NASA

70. Titan Largest moon in the solar system – Mission dropped into its atmosphere and onto the surface on Jan. 14, 2005. NASA

71. The surface of Saturn's moon taken in Jan. 2005. NASA

72. Uranus

73. DISTANCE FROM SUN: 1.8 billion miles REVOLUTION AROUND SUN: 84 years. ROTATION: 17.2 hours. DENSITY: 1.3 x that of water. MASS: 14.5 x that of Earth. SURFACE TEMPERATURE: -297°F at cloud tops. NASA

74. NASA

75. Neptune

76. DISTANCE FROM SUN: 2.8 billion miles REVOLUTION ROUND SUN: 164 years. ROTATION: 17.2 hours. DENSITY: 1.6 x that of water. MASS: 17 x that of earth. SURFACE TEMPERATURE: -392°F at cloud tops. NASA

77. NASA

78. Triton - moon of Neptune NASA

79. Pluto

80. DISTANCE FROM SUN: 3.7 billion miles REVOLUTION AROUND SUN: 248 years. ROTATION: 6.4 days. DENSITY: 2x that of water. MASS: .002 x that of Earth. SURFACE TEMPERATURE: -387°F to -351°F Pluto is now considered a “dwarf planet” because it does not “clear out” it orbital path.

81. C Comets

82. Comets probably come from two areas of the Solar System: 1. The Kuiper belt – found just outside the orbit of Neptune. (home of short period comets ) like Halley’s Comet.

83. NASA Pluto is now considered a dwarf planet in the Kuiper Belt.

84. NASA

87. http://www.solarviews.com/cap/comet/kuiper3.htm

88. NASA

90. NASA

92. Comet animation

93. NASA

95. Meteoroid Meteor Meteorite

99. NASA

100. http://www.mnh.si.edu / Meteorite crater in Canada

101. One of the best places to look for meteorites is Antarctica! NASA

102. NASA

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104. NASA