The document provides an introduction to lab safety protocols. It emphasizes the importance of following safety rules to protect oneself, colleagues, and laboratory equipment from harm. Consequences of not complying with safety protocols include endangering people, ruining experiments, and risking accidents. Key safety tips include wearing proper protective equipment, practicing good hygiene, avoiding unsafe behaviors like tasting chemicals, and properly disposing of waste.
2. Why does it matter?
To protect
Yourself
Your colleagues
Other Lab workers
Your work
3. Consequences of not following safety rules..
You endanger yourself and
others in the lab.
You could easily ruin your
experiment.
You put the lab at risk of an
accident, which could damage
equipment as well as harm
people.
4. Protect Yourself
Dress for Lab
Gloves
Lab Coat
Covered shoes
Long pants
Any other, depending on nature of
experiment/Lab
5. Laboratory Hygiene
Save your snacks for
Canteen/office not lab
Don't eat or drink in laboratory.
Don't store your food or beverages
in the same refrigerator that
contains experiments, chemicals,
or cultures.
6. Don’t sniff and taste Chemicals
Tasting or smelling some
chemicals can be dangerous
or even deadly.
The best way to know what's
in a container is to LABEL
it, so get in the habit of
making a label for glassware
before adding the chemical.
7. Don’t play Mad Scientist
Act responsibly in the lab
Don't play Mad Scientist,
randomly mixing chemicals to see
what happens. The result could be
an explosion, fire, or release of
toxic gases.
8. Dispose-off Lab waste properly
One important laboratory safely
rule is to know what to do with
your experiment when it's over.
Before you start an experiment,
you should know what to do at the
end.
Don't leave your mess for the
next person to clean up
9. Don’t Experiment on Yourself
You are precious,
so do not risk your
self in an
experiment
12. Pharmacy
Derived from Greek word “farmakon” means
drug/poison. It’s a branch of science deals with
compounding, manufacturing & dispensing of drugs
OR
The science and art concerned with the preparation
and standardization of drugs.
13. Drug/Medicine
Any chemical substance, which when taken-up
by the living organism, produce a biological
effect.
OR
A chemical substance used to treat, cure,
prevent, or diagnose a disease or to promote
well-being.
DRUG
MEDICINE
14. Active Substance / Inert Substances
Pharmacologically
Active
Added to
give shape
Dosage
form
16. Pharmaceutics
Also called, the science of
dosage form design
deals with the process of
turning a new chemical entity
(NCE) or old drugs into a
medication to be used safely
and effectively by patients.
19. Pharmacology
To the study the
Pharmacokinetics and
Pharmacodynamics of
drugs.
Focuses on research of drug
action.
20. Pharmaceutical processes
These are the various methods or processes used for making
crude drugs suitable for administration to the patient &
they also increase the efficiency of drugs.
21. Comminution
Comminution means “to divide”
Comminution is the process of physical reduction
of a substance to fine particle size, which makes
the substance or drug easier to dissolve and
compound.
22. Desiccation
Desiccation means “to dry”
Moisture is removed from solid drugs with the help of
dehydrating agent which reduces the bulk of drugs, as
well, as facilitates comminution
23. Maceration
Maceration ‘To make soft’.
The process of extracting soluble active ingredients from crude
drugs. It consists of soaking crude drugs in suitable solvents mostly
Alcohol for a period of 12-14 days with occasional shaking/
stirring. Then the liquid containing active principle is separated
24. Percolation
Percolation means “Filtration”.
Process by which active ingredients are extracted by
successive maceration. The solvent is passed through a
drug and allowed to macerate for sometime. The liquid
obtained is called percolate
25. Decantation
In this process heavy and
insoluble substances settle down
when soaked in water. The clear
separated liquid is then removed
slowly from the top.
26. Distillation
It is the process by which a volatile liquid is
separates from a liquid mixture by
evaporation. It consists of;
a. converting a liquid into its vapors.
b. transferring these vapors to another place.
c. converting into a liquid by condensation.
The science lab is an inherently dangerous place, with fire hazards, dangerous chemicals, and risky procedures. No one wants to have an accident in the lab, so it's imperative to follow the rules and instructions.
Are the chemicals safe to dump down the drain? If not, what do you do with them?
If you have biological cultures, is it safe to clean up with soap and water or do you need an autoclave to kill dangerous organisms?
Do you have broken glass or needles? Know the protocol for disposing of "sharps"
Its scope includes the cultivation of plants that are used as drugs, the synthesis of chemical compounds of medicinal value, and the analysis of medicinal agents. Pharmacists are responsible for the preparation of the dosage forms of drugs, such as tablets, capsules, and sterile solutions for injection. They compound physicians’, dentists’, and veterinarians’ prescriptions for drugs
Difference:
Raw form---termed as drug
Finished pharmaceutical form---- medicine
Active moiety
Excipients.. Stable, do not interact with drug, cost effective.
Pharmacy is not always about synthetic drug. In pharmacy we also will know about medicinal drug. And to understand more about the medicinal drug, there is a branch science of pharmacy called Pharmacognosy. E.g. quinine from Quina/cinchona plant ..used as antimalarial.
Clove, Turmeric etc
The structure–activity relationship is the relationship between the chemical structure of a molecule and its biological activity.
The processes for comminution are cutting, grating, grinding, pulverizing, trituration, and levitation. The first four terms are self-explanatory and are employed primarily on animal and vegetable drugs from which we wish to extract active principles.
TRITURATION—This is a process of reducing a solid to a very fine powder by grinding in a mortar and pestle.
LEVITATION—Solids can be ground to even finer subdivision by adding a small amount of liquid to make a paste and triturating further. This process is ideal for ointments, creams, and lotions
