a. Introduction and orientation to the Profession of Pharmacy in relation to Hospital Pharmacy, Retail Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy, Forensic Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical education and research etc

1. HAMDARD
UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF
PHARMACY
PHYSICAL PHARMACY
PRESENTATION

2. WELCOME TO OUR
PRESENTATION

3. PREPARED BY,
AFIA
HAIDER
BASIT
ALISHA
MEHAK

4. INTRODUCTION
AND
ORIENTATION
TO PHARMACY

5. PHARMACY:
“Pharmacy is the Art or science of preparing and
dispensing medical drugs.”.
It also includes more modern services related to health
care and the provision of drug and related information
to the public. So have a great role in diagnosis
The word ‘Pharmacy’ is derived from the Greek word
‘Pharmakon’, meaning drug. The word ‘Pharmacy’ has
two meanings:
General sense – it is a place or shop where drugs or
medicines are sold.
Professional sense – it is the profession, the members
of which deal with drugs

6. PHARMACIST:
• Pharmacists are experts of drugs. Pharmacists
are members of pharmacy profession dealing
with all aspects of drugs.
• Preparation • Combination • Identification •
Analysis • Selection • Standardization • Action •
Use • Preservation • Counseling • Sales •
Information

9. CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
Pharmaceutical
industry
Production
Research &
development (R&D)
Marketing (local,
global)
Pharmaceutical sales
representative (PSR)
Hospital pharmacists Clinical pharmacists
Community pharmacy
(retail pharmacy)
Wholesale pharmacy Government services
Regulatory affairs
Drug testing
laboratories
Drug purchasing &
distribution
Military services

11. HOSPITAL PHARMACY
• The department of the hospital which deals with procurement, storage, compounding,
dispensing, manufacturing, testing, packaging, and distribution of drugs. The practice of
pharmacy within the hospital under the supervision of a professional pharmacist is known
as hospital pharmacy.
• As per known history, the first pharmacy was established in Baghdad in 754 AD.

12. FUNCTIONS OF HOSPITAL
PHARMACY
• Provide specifications for the purchase of drugs, chemicals, biological etc.
• Proper storing of drugs.
• Manufacturing and distribution of medicaments such as transfusion fluids,
parenteral products, tablets, capsules, ointments, and stock mixtures.
• Dispensing and sterilizing parenteral preparations which are manufactured in
hospital.
• Dispensing of drugs as per the prescriptions of the medical staff of the
hospital.
• Filling and labelling of all drug containers from which medicines are to be
administered.
• Management of stores which includes purchase of drugs, proper storage
conditions, and maintenance of records.
• Establishment and maintenance of “Drug Information Centre”.
• Providing co-operation in teaching and research programmed.
• Discarding the expired drugs and containers worn and missing labels.

13. OBJECTIVES OF
HOSPITAL
PHARMACY
• To ensure the availability of right medication, at right time, in the right
dose at the minimum possible cost.
• To professionalize the functioning of pharmaceutical services in a
hospital.
• To act as a counseling department for medical staff, nurses and for
patient.
• To act as a data bank on drug utilization.
• To participate in research project
• To implement decisions of the pharmacy and therapeutics committee.
• To co-ordinate and co-operate with other departments of a hospital.
• To plan, organize and implement pharmacy policy procedures in
keeping with established policies of the hospitals.

15. RETAIL PHARMACY
• Retail pharmacy is a pharmacy in which drugs are sold to patients, as opposed to a hospital
pharmacy. Also known as a community pharmacy.
• Retail community pharmacy
• The term ‘retail community pharmacy’ means an independent pharmacy, a chain pharmacy,
a supermarket pharmacy, or a mass merchandiser pharmacy that is licensed as a pharmacy
by the State and that dispenses medications to the general public at retail prices.

16. RETAIL
PHARMACIST
• Retail pharmacists provide general
healthcare advice and supply
prescription and non- prescription
medication to the public.

17. ROLE OF RETAIL
PHARMACIST
• providing advice about health issues, symptoms
and medications in response to customer enquiries.
• recruiting, training and managing staff
• processing prescriptions and dispensing
medication
• ordering and selling medicines and other stock
• meeting medical representatives
• managing budgets
• keeping statistical and financial records
• preparing publicity materials and displays
• marketing services

18. KEY SKILLS FOR
RETAIL PHARMACIST
•Maturity
•Attentiveness
•Responsibility
•Excellent interpersonal skills
•Organizational skills
•Verbal communication skills
•Confidence
•Commercial awareness

20. PHARMACY FORENSIC MEDICINE
• Forensic or legal medicine (forensic = of or used in Courts of Law) deals with
the application of medical knowledge to aid in the administration of justice.
It is used by the legal authorities for the solution of legal problems. Some
examples are: applying the medical knowledge in deciding cases of injuries,
murder, suicide, accidents, sexual offences, poisoning, etc. In short, it deals
with medical aspect of law.

21. AIMS OF FORENSIC
MEDICINE
• To aid the administration of justice by
correlating much medical knowledge and
applying it to the purposes of law.
• Truth or nearest reasonable approach to it
that is possible from what is observed is the
sole aim of Forensic Medicine.
• Its particular field of activity is judicial
investigation, both civil & criminal. Though it
does not itself prove the case of prosecution.
It corroborates medical evidence in all cases
of crime involving person, e.g., homicide,
suicide, assault, sexual offences, traffic
accidents, poisoning etc.
• It finds out the medical evidence in all cases
of crime involving the person.
• It deals with medical aspects of law

23. INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY
• INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY is a discipline which includes
manufacturing, development, marketing and distribution of drug
products including quality assurance of these activities
• Industrial pharmacy is concerned with the preparation of
medicines

24. ROLE OF
PHARMACEUTICAL
INDUSTRY
To guarantee patient safety by producing a safe product
To develop new drugs into effective medicines
To discover new ways, technologies and products to manage health
To promote drug research
To discover safe and effective new drugs
ROLES IN INDUSTRIES
Patient applications and Drug registration Regulatory affairs Quality
control Management and Administration Research and Development
Marketing Production

26. PHARMACEUTICAL
INDUSTRIES IN
PAKISTAN
• The Pakistan pharmaceutical industry meets around 70% of country
demand of finished medicine
• Today Pakistan has about 759 pharmaceutical manufacturing units
including those operated by 25 multinationals present in the country.
• Pakistan has very vibrant and forward-looking Pharma industry
• At the time of independence in 1947 there was hardly any Pharma
industry in the country.
• COMPANIES OPERATING IN PAKISTAN
• There are 30 multinational and 334 local pharmaceutical companies in
Pakistan.
• Glaxo Smith Kline
• Sami
• Highnoon
• Pfizer

27. PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION
• Pharmaceutical education offers opportunities to pharmacists
with advanced degrees in any of the professional specialties.
Expanding enrollments and changes in the curricula at colleges
to meet the employment needs of the future result in an
increased need for college-level instructors. Potentially higher
salaries, more freedom for research and writing, independence
of action, and the cultural surroundings in pharmaceutical
education make teaching attractive.

28. PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
• Research is the activity that makes pharmacy a science rather than
a technical skill
• This forms the heart of any industry, as it is the key to growth and
sustenance. Mainly M Pharms & PhDs are in great demand in the various areas
of Pharmaceutical R&D.Other areas where professionals are required are:
New Drug Discovery Research (NDDR)Process Development (P&D)
Formulation & Development (F&D)

29. GOALS OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY
• Advancement of pharmacy practice
• Promoting human health and societal well being
• Promoting quality in institution &the community
• Promoting professional development
• TYPES OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
• 1. health service research and development (includes: behavioral and
socioeconomic research such as a research on cost benefit issues in
pharmaceutical care)
• 2. operations research (such as evaluation of new and existing pharmacy
programs and services)

30. CHARACTERISTICS OF A
SUCCESSFUL RESEARCHER
• Self-motivation
• Attention to detail
• Excellent time management
• Strong written and verbal communication skill
• Ability to work independently
• Creativity, curiosity, patience and passion to
search for new knowledge
• Keep abreast of scientific and clinical literature
• Ability to ask question
• Create research hypotheses & design
methodologies to answer research question

31. COMPONENT OF A RESEARCH PLAN
• A problem statements
• A review of available literature on
the subject
• The objectives for the project
• A description of the methodology
to be used
• A description of statistical
analyses
• A budget and time frame for the
project
• The expected applicability of the
research findings

32. RESEARCH METHODS
• Cross-sectional Study Data collected from the population on one occasion only
• Before-and-after Study 2 cross-sectional observations (e.g., before & after an intervention)
• Longitudinal (Cohort) Study Follows up a sample (cohort) of individuals over a period of time
• Data will be collected from each individual on more than
• one occasion
• Exploratory Study Investigate a topic from the perspective of different people & identify issues that are important to them
• Retrospective Study Collecting data related to what has happened in the past
• Prospective Study Collecting data relating to the future
• COMPONENT OF A RESEARCH REPORT
• Problem
• a. Theories, hypotheses, and definitions b. Previous research: the literature
• Methodology
• a. Sample and sampling method b. Experimental procedures and instrumentation
• c. Measurement of variables d. Statistical methods of analysis

33. •RESEARCH CAREER PATHWAYS
•Academia
•Contract research organizations
•Healthcare institutional setting
•Industry
•Government

34. REFERENCES
• REMINGTON
• https://www.slideshare.net/arthamrajashekar/organization-of-
hospital-pharmacy-slides
• https://www.slideshare.net/AsrafulIslamRayhan/retail-
pharmacy-105791467
• https://www.slideshare.net/ferozmahmud31/forensic-pharmacy

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