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1. Specialists are those people who always repeat the same mistakes.
- Walter Gropius
PRESENTATION – AR. WALTER ADOLF GROPIUS

2. AR.WALTER ADOLF GROPIUS

3. o Early life
• Full name - GEORGE WALTER ADOLF GROPIUS.
• Born in berlin 18 may, 1883
• He was the third child of Walter Adolph Gropius and Manon auguste pauline scharnweber.
• A German architect and founder of the Bauhaus school.
• Widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modernist architecture.

4. o Early education
• Educated in private elementary school.
• In 1903 he left school and went to the technical university in Munich to study architecture.
• Although he studied architecture in berlin and Munich (1903-1907), he received no degree.
• Gropius could not draw, and was dependent on collaborators and partner-interpreters
throughout his career.
• In school an assistant is hired to complete his homework for him.
• 1904-1905 he served in the military, then went back to school.
• 1907 he left school without completion and went back to berlin because of the death of his
brother.
• In 1908, after studying architecture in Munich and Berlin for four semesters, Gropius joined the
office of the renowned architect and industrial designer Peter Behrens.

5. o Married life
• Gropius married Alma Mahler(1879–1964), widow of Gustav Mahler.
• Walter and Alma has a daughter, named Manon.
• Manon died of polio at age eighteen.
• Gropius and Alma divorced in 1920.
• Alma had by that time established a relationship with Franz Werfel, whom she later
married.
• In 1923 Gropius married Ise Frank, and they remained together until his death.
• He adopted Beate Gropius, also known as Ati.

6. o Inspiration
• His father and his great-uncle Martin Gropius were architect, that was why he wanted
to become an architect from his childhood days.
• Inspired by William Morris.
• William Morris(24 march 1834 –3 October 1896) was an English textile designer, artist,
writer, and socialist who founded a design firm and associated English arts and crafts
movement.

7. o Hobbies and Interests
• Vessel designing - sugar pot , tea pots , wine glasses , paperweights
• Chair designs
• Artworks - a graphics design , logo of Bauhaus
• Staircase design
• Door handle design

8. o International style
• Simple geometry often rectangular
• Used of modern materials like steel and glass
• Smooth surface
• Primary colours
• Linear and horizontal elements
• Using technology as a basis, he transformed building into a science of precise mathematical
calculations.
• Introduced a screen wall system that utilized a structural steel frame to support the floors and
which allowed the external glass walls to continue without interruption.

10. WORKS OF AR. WALTER ADOLF GROPIUS
"Architecture begins where engineering ends.“
- Walter Gropius

11. o A LL WOR KS B Y WA LTE R A DOLF GR OPIUS
• 1910–11 the Fagus Factory, Alfeld an der Leine, Germany
• 1914 Office and Factory Buildings at the Werkbund Exhibition, 1914, Cologne, Germany
• 1921 Sommerfeld House, Berlin, Germany designed for Adolf Sommerfeld
• 1922 competition entry for the Chicago Tribune Tower competition
• 1925–32 Bauhaus School and Meisterhäuser (houses for senior staff), Dessau, Germany
• 1926-28 Törten housing estate in Dessau.
• 1936 Village College, Impington, Cambridge, England
• 1936 66 Old Church Street, Chelsea, London, England
• 1937 The Gropius House, Lincoln, Massachusetts, USA
• 1939 Waldenmark, Wrightstown Township, Pennsylvania (with Marcel Breuer)
• 1939-40 The Alan I W Frank House, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (with Marcel Breuer)
• 1942–44 Aluminum City Terrace housing project, New Kensington, Pennsylvania, USA
• 1945–59 Michael Reese Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA – Master planned 37-acre (150,000 m2) site and led the
design for at least 8 of the approx. 28 buildings.
• 1949–50 Harvard Graduate Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
CONT…

12. • 1957–60 University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
• 1963–66 John F. Kennedy Federal Office Building, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
• 1957–59 Dr. and Mrs. Carl Murchison House, Provincetown, Massachusetts, USA (The Architects' Collaborative)
• 1958–63 Pan Am Building (now the Metlife Building), New York, with Pietro Belluschi and project architects Emery
Roth & Sons
• 1957 Interbau Apartment blocks, Hansaviertel (Walter-Gropius-Haus) Berlin, Germany
• 1960 Temple Oheb Shalom (Baltimore, Maryland)
• 1960 the Gropiusstadt building complex, Berlin, Germany
• 1961 The award-winning Wayland High School, Wayland, Massachusetts, USA (demolished 2012)
• 1959–61 Embassy of the United States, Athens, Greece.
• 1968 Glass Cathedral, Thomas Glassworks, Amberg
• 1967–69 Tower East, Shaker Heights, Ohio, was Gropius's last major project.
• 1968-70 Huntington Museum of Art, Huntington, West Virginia, USA. Original building expanded with Gropius addition
with little alteration to the original structure. Only American art museum to be brought to completion using a Gropius
design.
• 1973–80 Porto Carras, at Chalkidiki, Greece, was built posthumously from Gropius designs, it is one of the largest holiday
resorts in Europe.

13. • Architects - Adolf Meyer, Walter Gropius
• Location - GreCon, Hannoversche Straße 58, 31061
Alfeld, Germany
• Area - 1.88 ha (4.6 acres)
• Category - Warehouse
• Architect in Charge - Walter Gropius
• Design Team - Walter Gropius, Adolf Meyer, Eduard
Werner
• Project Year – 1925
• Site – Three storey office building , single storey
production house & four storey warehouse.
QUICK FACTS
“ FAGUS FACTORY ”

14. o FAGUS FACTORY
• The Fagus Factory , a shoe last factory in Lower Saxony, Germany, is an
important example of early modern architecture.
• Commissioned by owner Carl Benscheidt.
• The factory was designed by Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer.
• It was constructed between 1911 and 1913, with additions and interiors
completed in 1925.
• Most striking thing : simplicity and confidence of the architecture.
• The site comprises of a main office building & also other two big buildings -
the production hall and the warehouse .
• The building that had the greater influence on the design of Fagus
was AEG’s Turbine factory designed by Peter Behrens.

15. • The Fagus main building can be seen as an inversion of the Turbine factory.
• Both have corners free of supports, and glass surfaces between piers that cover the whole height
of the building.
Turbine factory
Fagus main building

16. The use of brick — more specifically, a
40-centimeter high, dark brick base
which projects 4-centimeters from the
facade — can be seen repeatedly
throughout the complex.

17. The most architecturally-significant aspect of Gropius’
contribution to the project is the office building.
Unlike the other buildings, this flat-roof, three-story
building features a façade that is comprised of more glass
than brick.
The most innovative feature of the building is the fully glazed exterior corners, which are free of structural elements.
Instead of conventional load-bearing exterior walls, Gropius had made the bold and innovative decision to place
reinforced concrete columns inside the building to free the façade.
The entrance with a clock

18. The use of floor-to-ceiling glass windows on steel frames
that go around the corners of the buildings without a visible
structural support.
The other unifying element is the use of brick.
All buildings have a base of about 40 cm of black brick and
the rest is built of yellow bricks.
The combined effect is a feeling of lightness or as Gropius
called it "etherealization".

19. • Fagus structure was actually a hybrid construction of brick columns, steel beams and concrete floor slabs
and stairways.
• I was a steel frame supporting the floors, glass screen, external walls.
• Pillars are set behind the façade so that its curtain character is fully realized.

22. P L A N

23. N o w ,
T h e F a g u s f a c t o r y
i s d e s i g n a t e d a
U N E S C O w o r l d
h e r i t a g e o n 2 5
j u n e 2 0 1 1 o n i t s
1 0 0 t h j u b i l e e .

25. • Each person feels that he is an 'expert' in one or two fields and just the 'public' in all the others. But you know, probably, from
experience that no one is really able to appreciate any display of ability in any field if he himself has not, to a certain degree,
taken part in its problems and difficulties at some time.
- Walter Gropius
B A U H A U S M O V E M E N T

26. o BAUHAUS MOVEMENT
• The Bauhaus movement began in 1919 when Walter Gropius founded a school with a vision of bridging the
gap between art and industry by combining crafts and fine arts.
• Prior to the Bauhaus movement, fine arts such as architecture and design were held in higher esteem than
craftsmanship (i.e., painting, woodworking, etc.), but Gropius asserted that all crafts, including art,
architecture and geometric design, could be brought together and mass-produced.
• Gropius argued that architecture and design should reflect the new period in history (post World War I), and
adapt to the era of the machine.
• The Bauhaus movement is characterized by economic sensibility, simplicity and a focus on mass production.
• “Bauhaus” is an inversion of the German term “hausbau,” which means “building house” or house
construction.

27. • Bauhaus movement teaches “truth to materials” as a core tenet, which means that material should be used in its most
appropriate and “honest” form, and its nature should not be changed. For example, supportive materials such as steel
should be exposed and not hidden within the interior framework of a piece of furniture.
• The Bauhaus movement captured the attention of many respected artists, designers and architects such as Le
Corbusier, Eileen Gray, Mies Van der Rohe, Marcel Breuer and Florence Bassett Knoll.
• The Bauhaus movement transformed the design and production of modern furniture by incorporating the use of steel
as frames and supports for tables, chairs, sofas and even lamps. The use of machine-made, mass-produced steel tubing
created simple forms that required little handcrafting or upholstery and contributed to the streamlined, modern look
of Bauhaus furniture.
• The Bauhaus school founded by Gropius was one of the first to teach students modern design. The school closed in the
1930s under pressure from the Nazis, but the movement still influences modernist architecture and modern design
today. While Bauhaus has influences in art, industry and technology, it has been most influential in modern furniture
design. Bauhaus bridges the gap between art and industry, design and functionality.

28. • DEFINITION - Simplicity , functionalism , anonymous and its emphasis on the handcraft ethic.
• The name Bauhaus stems from the German words for "to build“ and "house."
• Bauhaus is a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts.
• It operated from 1919 to 1933, it publicized and taught for the approach to design.
• The Bauhaus school was founded by WalterGropius
• Ironically, despite its name and the fact its founder was an architect, the Bauhaus did not have an
architecture department for the first several years of its existence.
• Bauhaus style became one of the most influential currents in Modernist architecture and modern design.
• The school existed in three German cities – Weimar, Dessau & Berlin under three different architect directors
(Walter Gropius from 1919 to 1927, Hannes Meyer from 1928 to 1930, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe from 1930
to 1933).
• One of the main objectives of the bauhaus was to unify art, craft , and technology.

30. B
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31. “BAUHAUS BUILDING”
• Architects - Walter Gropius
• Location - Dessau, Germany
• Area - 250,600 sq. ft.
• Category – School building for the art, design and architecture.
• Architect in Charge - Walter Gropius
• Project Year – 1926
• Site – Spaces for teaching, housing for students and faculty
members, an auditorium and offices .
• Total cost - 902,500 marks, or 27.8 marks per cubic m of space.
QUICK FACTS

32. • The Bauhaus Dessau , also Bauhaus Dessau , is a building
complex in Dessau .
• The building was built from 1925 to 1926 according to plans
by Walter Gropius as a school building for the Bauhaus art, design
and architecture school .
• Walter Gropius was inspired to create an institution known as
the Bauhaus at Dessau, with an emerging style that would forever
influence architecture.
• Initially a school in Weimar, growing political resentment forced the
move to Dessau. Gropius took this as an opportunity to build a
school that reflected his hopes for the education.
“BAUHAUS BUILDING”

33. The building is comprised of three wings all connected by
bridges. The school and workshop spaces are associated
through a large two-story bridge, which creates the roof of
the administration located on the underside of the bridge.
The housing units and school building are connected through a
wing to create easy access to the assembly hall and dining rooms.
The educational wing contains administration and classrooms,
staff room, library, physics laboratory, model rooms, fully finished
basement, raised ground-floor and two upper floors.

34. These vast windows enabled
sunlight to pour in throughout
the day, although creating a
negative effect on warmer
summer days. In order to
preserve the curtain wall as
one expanse, the load bearing
columns were recessed back
from the main walls.
The pillars of the building are completely set back from the glass façade, so
that the glass apron extends over all three storey and the entire building
length and is not interrupted. There is an impression of transparency,
lightness and flatness

35. Some of the various progressions include a window
glazing, a skeleton of reinforced concrete and
brickwork, mushroom-like ceilings of the lower
level, and roofs covered with asphalt tiles that were
meant to be walked on .
The huge curtain window facade of the workshop
building became an integral part of the building's
design. Hoping to create transparency, the wall
emphasized the 'mechanical' and open spatial nature
of the new architecture.

36. “Exteriors are plain, simple, & unornamented.”
“Architects orient buildings so that they receive the
most sun exposure to take advantage of natural light.”
“Structures sit on flat plains of grass.”
“The most important construction materials include
steel, glass, and reinforced concrete, sometimes a
brick masonry applied on the face of the concrete”
“Windows were fixed in grid patterns.”“The outer walls were kept in neutral, plain white”
“The curtain-walled glass façade ( Curtain Wall) itself no burden, but showed the supporting elements”

37. The delicate glass façade ( curtain wall ) However, in steel caused major problems regarding sun
protection and building air conditioning . In the summer, the building heated up enormously due to direct
sunlight. A necessary sunshade system made of curtains destroyed the intended transparency. In the winter, the
building cooled down very quickly due to the single glazing and had to be heated heavily. The ventilation is done by
mechanically controlled

38. Housing for teachers
Higher Academy of Arts (Workshops).
Technical School
Collective area for theatre and refectory.
Accommodation for students.
Area for administration department.
o Elements of the building

40. PLAN BAUHUAS BUILDING
SECTIONAL ELEVATION

43. G
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44. QUICK FACTS
“ GROPIUS HOUSE ”
• Architects - Walter Gropius
• Location - Lincoln, United States
• Category - Houses
• Architect - Walter Gropius
• Project Year - 1938
• Area - 5.51 acres (22,300 m2)
• Site - living room , dining room, kitchen,
an office, a sewing room, three bedrooms,
and four bathrooms

45. “ GROPIUS HOUSE ”
• The Gropius House was the family residence of
architect Walter Gropius.
• It is now a historic house museum.
• It was the first commissioned project in the United
States for the famed architect.
• The site for the house is set adjacent to the main road
that cuts through the town.
• The house includes a collection of Bauhaus-related
materials.
• It is a fairly modest building that maintains the scale
and materially identity with the surrounding area.

46. • The facade of the house combines common brick and local
clapboard with manufactured ribbons windows and glass
block evoking a sense of stability and balance between old
and new, traditional and modern
• The house caused a sensation when built. In keeping with
Bauhaus philosophy, every aspect of the house and its
surrounding landscape was planned for maximum efficiency
and simplicity

47. Yet while maintaining a connection
with tradition, Gropius imposes the
modernist aesthetic on the local
materials by painting the house a stark
white that when combined with the
tinted ribbon windows and the glass
block appears to be a, slightly
Corbusian, foreign object placed in the
landscape.

48. In regards to the interior of the house, Gropius did not take the New England architectural vernacular into
consideration, rather the interior is a mix of fabricated pieces from the Bauhaus and furniture by Marcel Breuer.
Similar to the work that was happening simultaneously in Europe; the house employs an open spatial organization
that filters light throughout the house through the large windows...

49. • Similar to the exterior of the house, Gropius uses a minimalist color palette throughout the interior consisting of
black, white, pale greys, and earth tones with only faint splashes of red found throughout the house.

50. Living room interior of the Gropius House.
The home contains a living room that shares
an open floor plan with a dining room,
kitchen, an office, a sewing room, three
bedrooms, and four bathrooms.
All bathrooms were positioned in the less-
prominent northwest corner of the house
The Gropius House mixes up the traditional
materials of New England architecture
(wood, brick, and fieldstone) with industrial
materials such as glass block, acoustic
plaster, and chrome banisters.

51. Gropius wanted the outdoor space around the home to be an equally "civilized area" and created a lawn that
extended twenty feet around the entire house, with a perennial garden expanding in the south by the porch.
The house sits on a rather flat plot of land.

52. His screened porch was placed in such a way that it helps to divide the land around the house into multiple zones,
comparable to rooms inside a house.
Gropius utilized indoor/outdoor spaces to accentuate a relationship between the structure and the site.

53. Traditional clapboards are used in the interior foyer, but are
applied vertically, to create the illusion of height. The clapboards
also performed a practical function as a gallery.
A long, thin, flat piece of wood with edges horizontally
overlapping in series, used to cover the outer walls of
buildings.
Clapboard, also called bevel siding, lap siding, and weatherboard, with
regional variation in the definition of these terms, is wooden siding of a
building in the form of horizontal boards, often overlapping.

54. • The Gropius House was home to Walter Gropius
and his family until his death in 1969.
• In 2000, the house became a National Landmark,
which is a testament to the influence of Walter
Gropius’ life work.

59. “Bauhaus Archive”
• This is the museum of design that collects art pieces,
items, documents and literature which relate to the
Bauhaus School (1919–1933).
• The Bauhaus Archive was founded in Darmstadtin
1960.
• Gropius was asked to design it in 1964.
• Structural components such as steel, glass and concrete
were used, directly and honestly, without trying to
imitate any other way.
• The colorful metal columns placed at both ends of the
ramp.
• The foundation stone was finally laid in 1976 and the
building was ready by 1979

60. o MetLife Building
• The MetLife Building is a 59-story skyscraper in New York.
• The world's largest commercial office space by square footage at its
opening, it remains one of the 100 tallest buildings in the United States.
• It is in collaboration with Emery Roth & Sons, Pietro Belluschi
• Designed in the Brutalism style, the MetLife Building is mixed use commercial
and office.

61. o Josephine M. Hagerty House
• Located a few feet from the shoreline, it was the
first building in the United States commissioned
from Gropius.
• The house was built in 1938 and added to the
National Historic Register in 1997.
• The house is an L-shaped structure, with a
horizontal single-story section and a three-story
section .
• The exterior is finished in vertical board siding.
• A sundeck projects further to the south.

62. o Harvard Graduate
Center
• The Harvard Graduate Center, also
known as "the Gropius Complex",
was commissioned of The Architects
Collaborative by Harvard University
in 1948.
• The first modern building on the
campus.
• The buildings are now primarily used
as a student center and as a
dormitory complex for Harvard Law
School.

63. THANK YOU
Presented by -
TAHSEEN JAMAL
TANJEEL AHMAD
ADEEBA SIDDIQUI