OBJECTIVES
Definition:
The result sought by the learner at
the end of the educational
programme, i.e. what the students
should be able to do at the end of the
learning period, that they could not
do before hand
JJ Guilbert

Objectives
These are the behaviors to be
displayed by a learner,
AIMS: These are for the teacher
Objectives are for the learner to
achieve through the support and
guidance of the teacher

Educational Domains
Cognitive / Knowledge
Connative / Psychomotor
Affective / Attitude

Categories of Cognitive Domain
Bloom (1956)
Knowledge- The remembering of
previously learned material, lowest level of
learning
Comprehension- ability to grasp
Application- ability to use learned material
Analysis- Ability to breakdown
Synthesis-ability to put together
Evaluation-Ability to judge

Cognitive objectives and words
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Define, State, List, name, write,
recall, recognise,label ,underline,
select reproduce measure
Identify,justify,select,indicate,judge
Explain,formulate,,classify,
Predict,assess,choose,find,perform
demonstrate,show,construct,use
Analyse,identify,conclude,compare,
conrast,criticise differentiate

Cognitive objectives and words
contd…
Synthesis
Evaluation
Combine,restate,
summarise,precise,argue,
discuss,organise,derive,
Select, relate, generalize
Judge,Evaluate,determine,
Support,Recognise,Identify,
Choose,,select

Conative or psychomotor skills
This deals with the routine actions
carried out by the student .The
student is able to perform, a practical
act automatically and with a high
degree of precision and efficiency,
having effective control over the
practical skill

Levels of conative domain
Imitation: student exposed to an
observable action makes an attempt
to copy it step by step guided by an
impulse to imitate, he needs a model
Control: student is able to
demonstrate a skill according to
instructions ,differentiate between one
set of skills ,starts to adapt handling
instruments

Levels of conative domain
contd….
Automatism :
A high degree of proficiency is
attained in using the skills ,which now
requires only a minimum energy

Levels of attitude/affective Domain
Receptivity or attention: Senstivity to the
existence of a certain
phenomenon,willingness to receive,
Response: Sufficient interest in the
phenomenon noticed to do something
about it
Internalization : Perception of a
phenomenon affecting values, enables one
to experience other feelings

Data for formulation (sources)
Health needs, demands of society
Profession, students,progress in science
Services to the patient, community
Level of professional competence to be
attained
Student’s background, level of education
Future demands on nursing, expected
responsibilities

Types of Objectives
1. General objectives
2. Intermediate objectives
2a - Institutional objectives
3. Specific or instructional objectives

Types of Objectives contd….
1. General objectives:
Correspond to the functioning of
the types of health personnel
trained in an establishment.
course objectives must be in
harmony with the curriculum

Types of Objectives contd….
2. Intermediate objectives:
Arrived at by breaking down
professional functions into activities
e.g. planning, and carrying out blood
sample session
2a. Institutional objectives:
The graduate is prepared to function
in a
variety of settings

Types of Objectives contd
3. Specific or Instructional Objectives
These are description of performance
the instruction is expected to produce:
Defining objectives help to identify the
terminal out comes of instruction in
terms of observable performance of
learners, to be presented in
behavioral terms.

Qualities of Objectives
Relevant- cover every point relevant
to the aim
Unequivocal- words open to wider
meaning should not be used
Logical- real, Internally consistent
Observable-observing progress to tell
its achievement
Measurable- valid evaluation
mechanism

Characteristics of Specific
objectives
Should be written in behavioral terms
Should reflect the condition
Should reflect the standard
Reasonable in number of behavioral
changes expected
Consistent with unit theme
Should be specific
Should be descripitve

Classification of objectives
Teacher centered: To develop
teaching skills or e,to use AV
aids effectively in teaching
situation
Student centered:
To understand the subject in
depth