John Goodricke was a pioneering 18th century English astronomer who made significant contributions to the field despite being deaf. He was born deaf in 1764 in the Netherlands to an English father and Dutch mother. Goodricke received an education that allowed him to read lips and speak, and he went on to study astronomy. In his short life, he discovered the periodic nature of the variable stars Algol and Beta Lyrae, and received the Copley Medal from the Royal Society. Sadly, Goodricke died of pneumonia at the young age of 21, but his work helped advance the field of astronomy.
3. John Goodricke - Biography
Born in Groningen 17th September 1764 in the
Netherlands to a Dutch mother(Levina Sessler) and an
English father(Henry Goodricke).
4. In 1769 at the age of five he contracted scarlet fever
leaving him totally deaf. Couldn’t hear voices and
speak, but after a good education he was able to read
lips well and to speak.
5. At age 8 he was sent to Scotland to study at
Braidwood’s academy and later at Warrington
Academy. He returned to live with his family who had
settled in York in England.
6. He became friends with the accomplished astronomer
Edward Pigott. Goodricke became a successful
independent astronomer only at the age of 18.
7. He discovered the periodicity of the star Algol (Beta
Persei) in 1783 and Beta Lyrae and Delta Cephei two
and three years later.
8. He received the Copley medal from The Royal Society.
9. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society but
died two weeks later age just 21.
John Goodricke died from pneumonia, unmarried, at
York, 20th April 1786.
22. • He was popular, he was a hearing not a deaf man.
• Abbe de L’Epee wanted to study to be a bishop.
• One day he went to meet a woman with her two twin’s
daughter.
23. • There he saw two twin girl using sign
language.
• He was really surprised and looked interested
because he had never seen earlier.
• Mom to twin’s daughter told they are deaf.
• He understand and it look deaf have language
too, because hearing people thought deaf
people are bad people from hell.
• He tried to find some poor deaf people.
24. • He found six children in addition to the twins.
25. • Abbe de L’epee learned and tried to communicate
with deaf children.
• And he established a school to deaf around 1761-
1764
26. • it looked like he forgot about bishop and
focused on deaf.
• It looked like deaf is important him.
• Because he wants to show people that what
deaf can and sign language sign and can write
as alike with hearing people.
27. He and pupils did cooperate and made
own sign language for France.
28. • One day king of France, have a deaf son.
• He wants his son go school with pupils and
teaches him sign language.
• Everyone at France and deaf people are
grateful to him because he did best for deaf
pupils and sign language.
30. Abbe de L’epeè write books about deaf life before hes dead
31. ANDREAS CHRISTIAN
MØLLER
FOUNDER OF THE FIRST DEAF SCHOOL IN NORWAY
Made by Benedicte
32. BIOGRAPHY
• Born 18th February, 1796 in Trondheim, Norway
• His father Johannes was a cobbler, and Andreas
was the third out of eight children in total.
• Andreas became deaf at the age of 2.
• Andreas finally got to start school, at the age of 14.
He studied at The Royal Deaf Institute in
Copenhagen.
33. BIOGRAPHY
• Between 1815 and 1817, Andreas stayed at home in
Trondheim, and educated deaf children in his
parents’ house.
• In 1817, there was an available job at the school in
Copenhagen. He applied for the job, and got it.
• Between 1817 and 1822 he was a teacher at the
school in Copenhagen.
34. BIOGRAPHY
• He urged the Norwegian authorities to create a
school for the deaf in Norway, with Andreas as a
teacher.
• 1st November 1824 – the first school for deaf in
Norway is created (Throndhjems Døvstummeinstitut)
• Had 9 children with his wife Birgitte Marie
• Died on Christmas Eve 1874 from aging and
bronchitis
35. THRONDHJEMS DØVSTUMMEINSTITUT
• First schoolday in Spring 1825
• The school was a ”family business”
• Andreas – teacher
• Johannes (Andreas’ father) – Economist
• Petter (Andreas’ brother) – teacher
• More family members started working at the school later.
• To begin with, the school held to Waisenhuset near
the Cathedral (Domkirken) in Trondheim.
36. THRONDHJEMS DØVSTUMMEINSTITUT
• Møller teached using the French metod till the
1830’s.
• 1830’s – Andreas’ father and brother is fired after
inappropiate behavior towards students
• Andreas started teaching using the German
method. (The German method focused more on
speech and lipreading)
37. THRONDHJEMS DØVSTUMMEINSTITUT
• Møller stayed at the school until 1855
• Today the school is called A.C Møller School and is
a part of the Møller competence-centre.
38. AND HERE IS SOME PICTURES
Throndhjems Døvstummeinstitut
40. The start
We dont know who the
person was, that established
the Russian schools.
However the first school was
established in1806, in the city
of Pavlovsk
Pavel Tretyakov was one of
them who supported the
foundation of this deaf school.
In 1932 Russia could brag of
their 145 deaf schools,
whereas 20 of them were
private schools. (it means that
there was usually 1 or two
who teached deaf children)
First deaf school in
Pavlovsk, Russia
41. The degraduation
During the dramatic change of the
domestic rule of the communists, their
leader Stalin meant that sign language
was not a substitute, he would rather
force them to talk like “normal” people
As a consequence of this, many deaf
refused to talk, and used sign
language,
The following year their position in the
russian society was degraduated, from
being in the middle class to some non-
intelligent human beings.
This meant that they didn’t get any
sort of state support, whether it was
important medicines or any of that kind
42. Daily life
Things got a little better in
2007, when the first official
café, named Sesto Senso,
had hired employees that
could sign language
The deaf athletes was rather
distinguished after several
victories, leading them into a
important position in the
Russian society .
Sports are a huge part of the
russian society, so it’s no
wonder why deaf got a better
position in the society.
43. The manual alphabet
The alphabet has similarities with
the ASL and DSL (Dutch sign
language)
However it has some foreign
borrowings from other alphabets
Despite from having foreign
letters in sign language, they
have some words that doesn’t
have a sign, such as: da-yes, by-
would
Also they don’t have any sign for
scientific terms, which means that
they have to fingerspell all the
difficult words.
46. Statistics
China have 1,3 Billion inhabitants in 2012
In 2007 20 million of them were hearing
impaired
What about Norway? A little more than 5
million inhabitants totally
China does also have:
664 deaf schools
With 12 000 students http://browse.deviantart.com/?q=chinese+flag#/d38qxzh
40 High Schools, 2000 students
And there are 20-30 thousand newborn
deaf every year
47. Development of Deaf Schools
120 years ago: American Missionaries came to China. Among these were
Mills, who saw the need of deaf-schools in China.
1887-1949: 42 schools were made during this time. In
1949, however, there was a change in the politics.
The Western world noticed China as early as the 17th century, and had
made themselves a picture of the country.
China did firstly start to pay attention to the Western world in the 19th
century. At this time they see that China lags behind in schools, and
decides to get better.
Now – 622 schools and 40 high schools have been made since 1949
«nine years of compulsory education»: the system in China for young deaf children.
From the age of seven years they get compulsory education.
Most go back to communities after finishing their compulsory education, some few
take further education.
2001: Tianjin school for the Deaf decides to test a new way of education: they use sign
language. This proves to be efficient.
2007: Oral teaching, after 50 years, is being depleted, and Sign Language becomes
more casual.
48. The Culture
Many deaf have problems finding their identity because of their
upbringing:
Most deaf grow up in communities where almost everyone looks down at
them. Many parents to deaf children try in numerous ways to make them
hearing; trough surgeries, “healing” and other ineffective ways to “cure”
their children.
Many deaf people do not know what deaf culture is, and doesn’t feel a
connection to other deaf, due to the fact that their parents would most
likely not allow them to meet other deaf to socialize.
There are no other deaf to look up to, either.
Deaf view themself as disabled, this is mostly because in China, many still
do look at deaf as simply disabled. As a social being, this weakens them
and takes away their confidence.
Many deaf would prefer a hearing speaking teacher instead of a deaf one,
because they want to feel more mainstream, and not be “different” from
the rest.
However, there are people working to spread knowledge about Deaf culture
in China. The Schools are using sign language, for an example. There’s
also more information given to the deaf and their families about their
possibilities. In addition, it is most likely going to be easier for many deaf
to find deaf idols, as now more deaf Chinese students choose higher
education. Problem is, it is even harder to spread such information the
further away from the cities, where most deaf children are found.
49. Sign Language in China
In China there’s three
kinds of sign-language:
Chinese Sign Language,
which resembles the Chinese
writing
Mandarin Sign Langauge Because a huge amount of
which I haven’t got that much the deaf are born in places
information about very far from the modern
cities, a lot of «home
And the phenomenon which is signs» have developed in
called «home signs», comparison of the amount
meaning signs that developed of deaf in the country.
in small communities and
aren’t official, used by more
or less individuals.
50. SOURCES:
My main source:
http://www.atlas-
alliansen.no/index.asp?id=26851
(13.11.12)
Deaf Cultural Development:
http://answers.yahoo.com/questi
on/index?qid=20101230163233A
Ahk02y (09.11.12)
Artistic:
There’s also a few more pages, http://browse.deviantart.com/?q=chinese+flag#/
but I’ve not linked them. One of d38qxzh
them was used to find the
amount of people living in China
in 2012, the others were less
reliable and understandable
sources for information, or I just
didn’t like their set-up.
If you’d like to check them out, please observe
that the first link is probably much more reliable
than the second one.